A COMPANION TO GRECO‐ROMAN AND LATE ANTIQUE EGYPT BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises approximately twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. A Companion to Latin Literature A Companion to Roman Love Elegy Edited by Stephen Harrison Edited by Barbara K. Gold A Companion to the Ancient Near East A Companion to Greek Art Edited by Daniel C. Snell Tyler Jo Smith and Dimitris Plantzos A Companion to Ancient Epic A Companion to Persius and Juvenal Edited by John Miles Foley Edited by Susanna Braund and Josiah Osgood A Companion to Greek Tragedy A Companion to Tacitus Edited by Justina Gregory Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán A Companion to the Roman Empire A Companion to Ancient Greek Government Edited by David S. Potter Edited by Hans Beck A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to the Neronian Age Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx Edited by Emma Buckley and Martin Dinter A Companion to the Classical Greek World A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl Edited by Jane DeRose Evans A Companion to Roman Rhetoric A Companion to Terence Edited by William Dominik, Jon Hall Edited by Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill A Companion to Roman Religion A Companion to Roman Architecture Edited by Jörg Rüpke Edited by Roger B. Ulrich and Caroline K. Quenemoen A Companion to the Classical Tradition A Companion to the Ancient Novel Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf Edited by Edmund P. Cueva and Shannon N. Byrne A Companion to Greek Rhetoric A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean Edited by Ian Worthington Edited by Jeremy McInerney A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Paul Christesen and Donald G. Kyle A Companion to Classical Receptions A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray Edited by Thomas K. Hubbard A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought A Companion to Plutarch Edited by Ryan K. Balot Edited by Mark Beck A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to Ancient Thrace Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov and Denver Graninger A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient Edited by Daniel Ogden World A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Rubina Raja and Jörg Rüpke Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Ancient Aesthetics A Companion to Ovid Edited by Pierre Destrée and Penelope Murray Edited by Peter E. Knox A Companion to Food in the Ancient World A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by John Wilkins and Robin Nadeau Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A Companion to Ancient Education A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by W. Martin Bloomer Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Greek Literature A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Martin Hose and David Schenker Edited by Miriam Griffin A Companion to Greek Democracy and the Roman Republic A Companion to Hellenistic Literature Edited by Dean Hammer James J. Clauss and Martine Cuypers A Companion to Livy A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language Edited by Bernard Mineo Edited by Egbert J. Bakker A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Melinda K. Hartwig Edited by Liz James A Companion to Roman Art A Companion to Horace Edited by Barbara E. Borg Edited by Gregson Davis A Companion to the Etruscans A Companion to Ancient Macedonia Edited by Sinclair Bell and Alexandra A. Carpino Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington A Companion to the Flavian Age of Imperial Rome A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman Worlds Edited by Andrew Zissos Edited by Beryl Rawson A Companion to Roman Italy A Companion to Greek Mythology Edited by Alison E. Cooley Edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingston A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient A Companion to the Latin Language Greek and Rome Edited by James Clackson Edited by Georgia L. Irby A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography A Companion to Greek Architecture Edited by John Marincola Edited by Margaret M. Miles A Companion to the Punic Wars A Companion to Josephus Edited by Dexter Hoyos Edited by Honora Howell Chapman and Zuleika Rodgers A Companion to Women in the Ancient World A Companion to Assyria Edited by Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon Edited by Eckart Frahm A Companion to Sophocles A Companion to Ancient Greece and Rome on Screen Edited by Kirk Ormand Edited by Arthur J. Pomeroy A Companion to Marcus Aurelius A Companion to Euripides Edited by Marcel van Ackeren Edited by Laura K. McClure A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East A Companion to Sparta Edited by Daniel T. Potts Edited by Anton Powell A Companion to Augustine A Companion to Greco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt Edited by Mark Vessey Edited by Katelijn Vandorpe A COMPANION TO GRECO‐ROMAN AND LATE ANTIQUE EGYPT Edited by Katelijn Vandorpe This edition first published 2019 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Katelijn Vandorpe to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Editorial Office 101 Station Landing, Medford, MA 02155, USA For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. 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The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Vandorpe, Katelijn, editor. Title: A companion to Greco-Roman and late antique Egypt / edited by Katelijn Vandorpe. Description: 1st edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. | Series: Blackwell companions to the ancient world | Identifiers: LCCN 2019003177 (print) | LCCN 2019005586 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118428450 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781118428405 (ePub) | ISBN 9781118428474 (hardcover) Subjects: LCSH: Egypt–History–332-30 B.C. | Egypt–Civilization–332 B.C.-638 A.D. Classification: LCC DT92 (ebook) | LCC DT92 .C66 2019 (print) | DDC 932/.02–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019003177 Cover image: Courtesy Landesmuseum Württemberg, Hendrik Zwietasch Cover design: Wiley Set in 10/12.5pt Galliard by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Illustrations and Tables ix Note on Contributors xiii Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxv Abbreviations xxvii Chronological Outline xxix Maps xxxvii PART I Greco-Roman Egypt Explored 1 1 Unique Sources in an Unusual Setting 3 Arthur Verhoogt 2 Modern Scholars at Work in a Digital and Multidisciplinary Setting 15 Mark Depauw and Dorota Dzierzbicka PART II Egypt as Part of a Globalizing World 33 3 The Last Pharaohs: The Ptolemaic Dynasty and the Hellenistic World 35 Anne‐Emmanuelle Veïsse 4 A Roman Province in the Eastern Mediterranean 51 Tomasz Derda 5 Egypt in the Byzantine World 71 Cornelia Römer 6 Life Portraits: Royals and People in a Globalizing World 89 Alexander Meeus vi Contents PART III Governing a Country with a Past: Between Tradition and Innovation 101 7 The Ptolemaic Governmental Branches and the Role of Temples and Elite Groups 103 Joseph G. Manning 8 The Branches of Roman and Byzantine Government and the Role of Cities, the Church, and Elite Groups 119 Thomas Kruse 9 Policymakers in a Changing World 139 Bernard Legras 10 Taxation and Fiscal Reforms 147 Andrew Monson 11 Security and Border Policy: Army and Police 163 Christelle Fischer‐Bovet and Patrick Sänger 12 Immigration, Globalization, and the Impact on Private Law: The Case of Legal Documents 179 Uri Yiftach and Katelijn Vandorpe 13 Life Portraits: People and their Everyday Papers in a Bureaucratic Society 199 Sofie Waebens PART IV Developing the Economic Strength of the Nile Country 215 14 Monetization of the Countryside 217 Sitta von Reden 15 Stimuli for Irrigation, Agriculture, and Quarrying 233 Colin Adams 16 Economic Growth and the Exploitation of Land 251 Peter van Minnen 17 Life Portraits: People at Work 269 Katelijn Vandorpe PART V Identity in a Multicultural Environment 281 18 Social Identity and Upward Mobility: Elite Groups, Lower Classes, and Slaves 283 Sandra Scheuble‐Reiter and Silvia Bussi 19 Ethnic Identity: Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans 299 Willy Clarysse ftoc.indd 6 3/6/2019 7:48:30 PM Contents vii 20 Ethnic Minority Groups 315 Sylvie Honigman 21 Family and Life Cycle Transitions 327 Jane Rowlandson and Sandra Lippert 22 Gender Issues: Women to the Fore 347 Maren Schentuleit 23 Cultural Identity: Housing and Burial Practices 361 Anna Lucille Boozer 24 A Sound Body and Mind 381 Amin Benaissa and Sofie Remijsen 25 Life Portraits: People of a Multicultural Generation 395 Yanne Broux PART VI Traditional Religious Life Challenged 405 26 Cults, Creeds, and Clergy in a Multicultural Context 407 Katelijn Vandorpe and Willy Clarysse 27 A Successful Ruler and Imperial Cult 429 Stefan Pfeiffer 28 New Deities and New Habits 439 Franziska Naether 29 Egypt’s Role in the Rise of Christianity, Monasticism, and Regional Schisms 449 Malcolm Choat 30 Life Portraits: People in Worship 473 Gwen Jennes PART VII Creative Minds in Theory and Praxis 483 31 Languages, Scripts, Literature, and Bridges Between Cultures 485 Sofía Torallas Tovar and Marja Vierros 32 Encounters Between Greek and Egyptian Science 501 Sydney H. Aufrère and Marie‐Hélène Marganne 33 New Architectural Practices and Urbanism 519 Bérangère Redon 34 Creativity in Visual Arts 533 Martina Minas‐Nerpel viii Contents PART VIII Epilogue 551 35 The People of Greco‐Roman Egypt: Quality of Life 553 Valérie Wyns and Katelijn Vandorpe 36 Egypt’s Specificity and Impact on Hellenistic History 565 Brian McGing 37 Egypt’s Specificity and Impact on Roman History 573 Michael A. Speidel 38 New Testament Studies 581 John S. Kloppenborg 39 New Voices and New Challenges 587 Rodney Ast Digital Resources and Bibliography 595 Digital Resources 595 Bibliography 597 Index 715