Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_1_pretoc FinalProof page 1 28.4.2005 5:42pm A COMPANION TO ANCIENT EPIC Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_1_pretoc FinalProof page 2 28.4.2005 5:42pm BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genresofclassicalliterature,andthemostimportantthemesinancientculture.Eachvolume comprises between twenty-five and forty-five concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner,designedforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,students,andgeneralreaders. ANCIENT HISTORY LITERATUREAND CULTURE Published Published ACompaniontotheAncientNearEast ACompaniontoGreekTragedy EditedbyDanielC.Snell EditedbyJustinaGregory ACompaniontotheHellenisticWorld ACompaniontoAncientEpic EditedbyAndrewErskine EditedbyJohnMilesFoley Inpreparation ACompaniontoLatinLiterature ACompaniontotheArchaicGreekWorld EditedbyStephenHarrison Edited byKurtA.Raaflaub andHans van Wees Inpreparation ACompaniontoClassicalMythology ACompaniontotheClassicalGreekWorld EditedbyKenDowden EditedbyKonradH.Kinzl ACompaniontoGreekandRoman ACompaniontotheRomanRepublic Historiography Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert EditedbyJohnMarincola Morstein-Marx ACompaniontoGreekReligion ACompaniontotheRomanEmpire EditedbyDanielOgden EditedbyDavidPotter ACompaniontoGreekRhetoric ACompaniontotheRomanArmy EditedbyIanWorthington EditedbyPaulErdkamp ACompaniontoRomanRhetoric ACompaniontoByzantium EditedbyWilliamJ.Dominik EditedbyElizabethJames andJonathanHall ACompaniontoLateAntiquity ACompaniontoClassicalTradition EditedbyPhilipRousseau EditedbyCraigKallendorf ACompaniontoRomanReligion EditedbyJ¨orgRu¨pke Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_1_pretoc FinalProof page 3 28.4.2005 5:42pm A COMPANION TO ANCIENT EPIC Edited by John Miles Foley Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_1_pretoc FinalProof page 4 28.4.2005 5:42pm (cid:1)2005byBlackwellPublishingLtd BLACKWELLPUBLISHING 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,OxfordOX42DQ,UK 550SwanstonStreet,Carlton,Victoria3053,Australia TherightofJohnMilesFoleytobeidentifiedastheAuthoroftheEditorialMaterialinthisWorkhasbeen assertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,Designs,andPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,Designs,andPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionof thepublisher. Firstpublished2005byBlackwellPublishingLtd 1 2005 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Acompaniontoancientepic/editedbyJohnMilesFoley. p.cm.—(Blackwellcompanionstotheancientworld.Literatureandculture) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN1-4051-0524-0(alk.paper) 1. Epicpoetry—Historyandcriticism.2. Epicliterature—Historyandcriticism. 3.Epicpoetry,Classical—Historyandcriticism.I.Foley,JohnMiles.II.Series. PN1317.C662005 809.1’32—dc22 2004018322 ISBN-13:978-1-4051-0524-8(hardback) AcataloguerecordforthistitleisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Setin9.5on11ptGalliard bySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdom byTJInternational,Padstow,Cornwall Thepublisher’spolicyistousepermanentpaperfrommillsthatoperateasustainableforestrypolicy,and whichhasbeenmanufacturedfrompulpprocessedusingacid-freeandelementarychlorine-freepractices. Furthermore,thepublisherensuresthatthetextpaperandcoverboardusedhavemetacceptable environmentalaccreditationstandards. Forfurtherinformationon BlackwellPublishing,visitourwebsite: www.blackwellpublishing.com Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_2_toc FinalProof page 5 23.4.2005 10:51am Contents ListofFigures ix NotesonContributors x Acknowledgments xvi AbbreviationsofAncientAuthorsandWorks xvii AbbreviationsofModernReferenceWorks xxiii Map:Theancientepicterritories xxv Introduction 1 JohnMilesFoley Part I Issues and Perspectives 7 1 EpicasGenre 9 RichardP.Martin 2 TheIndo-EuropeanContext 20 JoshuaT.Katz 3 EpicandMyth 31 LowellEdmunds 4 Performance 45 MinnaSkafteJensen 5 EpicandHistory 55 KurtA.Raaflaub 6 TheEpicHero 71 GregoryNagy Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_2_toc FinalProof page 6 23.4.2005 10:51am vi Contents 7 TheGodsinEpic,or theDivineEconomy 90 BruceLouden 8 WomeninAncientEpic 105 HeleneP.Foley 9 ArchaeologicalContexts 119 SusanSherratt 10 ThePhysicalMedia:Tablet,Scroll,Codex 142 MichaelW.Haslam 11 AncientReception 164 RobertLamberton 12 TranslatingAncientEpic 174 RichardHamiltonArmstrong 13 Analogues:ModernOralEpics 196 JohnMilesFoley Part II Near Eastern Epic 213 14 ComparativeObservationsontheNearEasternEpicTraditions 215 JackM.Sasson 15 MesopotamianEpic 233 ScottB.Noegel 16 EpicinUgariticLiterature 246 N.Wyatt 17 HittiteandHurrianEpic 255 GaryBeckman 18 Persian/IranianEpic 264 OlgaM.Davidson 19 TheChallengeofIsraeliteEpic 277 SusanNiditch Part III Ancient Greek Epic 289 20 NearEasternConnections 291 WalterBurkert 21 Homer’sIliad 302 MarkW.Edwards 22 Homer’sOdyssey 315 LauraM.Slatkin 23 Hesiod 330 StephanieNelson Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_2_toc FinalProof page 7 23.4.2005 10:51am Contents vii 24 TheEpicCycleandFragments 344 JonathanS.Burgess 25 ApolloniusofRhodes 353 D.P.Nelis 26 QuintusofSmyrna 364 AlanJames 27 Nonnus 374 RobertShorrock 28 EpicandOtherGenresintheAncientGreekWorld 386 R.ScottGarner 29 Homer’sPost-classicalLegacy 397 CaseyDue´ Part IV Roman Epic 415 30 TheOriginsandEssenceofRomanEpic 417 JosephFarrell 31 EarlyRepublicanEpic 429 SanderM.Goldberg 32 Lucretius 440 MonicaR.Gale 33 Virgil’sAeneid 452 MichaelC.J.Putnam 34 Ovid 476 CaroleE.Newlands 35 Lucan 492 ShadiBartsch 36 ValeriusFlaccus 503 AndrewZissos 37 Statius 514 WilliamJ.Dominik 38 SiliusItalicus 528 RaymondD.Marks 39 Claudian 538 MichaelH.Barnes 40 LatinChristianEpicsofLateAntiquity 550 DennisE.Trout 41 EpicandOtherGenresintheRomanWorld 562 R.Jenkyns Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_2_toc FinalProof page 8 23.4.2005 10:51am viii Contents 42 Virgil’sPost-classicalLegacy 574 CraigKallendorf Bibliography 589 Index 651 Foley/CompaniontoAncientEpic 1405105240_3_posttoc FinalProof page 9 23.4.2005 10:52am Figures 9.1 FragmentarytabletinscribedwithpartofSumerianEpicofGilgamesh 120 9.2 GilgameshandEnkiduslayingHumbaba,fromaclayplaque 122 9.3 Bronzefigureofshe-wolf,probablyEtruscan 123 9.4 RepresentationoftheTrojanHorseonapithosatMykonos 134 29.1 Jacques-LouisDavid,AndromacheMourningHector 406 29.2 Jean-Auguste-DominiqueIngres,ApotheosisofHomer 407 29.3 GiorgiodeChirico,HectorandAndromache 409 42.1 IllustrationfromPubliiVirgiliiMaronisopera 579 42.2 EngravingillustratingAeneid4.690–5 580 42.3 CeramicplatedepictingtheflightofAeneasfromTroy 582 42.4 Anonymoussixteenth-centurywoodcutdepictingthefallofTroy 583