A Botswana checklist of grasses & by Monicah Kabelo Daniel Mafokate Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 24 • 2004 • Guide for using this checklist Thechecklistisarrangedalphabetically,accordingtogeneraandspecies.Synonymsweretakenfromthemain references of the PRECIS Database. Thecurrentgenus and species names are inboldprint, forexample: Eragrostissuperba. Synonyms are in italics,forexample,Aristidaargentea.Notallsynonymsforaspecies islisted.Authornamesofthe species arenotgivenaftertheequal sign(=). Naturalised taxa are preceded by an asterisk, for example: ^Eragrostis barrelieri. These are species that wereintroducedfromoutsideBotswanabutnowoccurinthewildaspartofthe natural flora. Lettersaftertheauthorname(s)andseparatedbycommas,indicatethedistributionofspecieswithinBotswana. ThemaponpageXXshowsthefollowinggeographicaldivisions: — KW— C Central Kweneng — — CH Chobe NE North East — — GH Ghanzi NG Ngamiland — — KGL Kgalagadi S Southern — — KGT Kgatleng SE South East Ashortkeytothesesymbolsisprintedatthebottomofeachpage. ChobeDistrict CH ZIMBABWE NgamilandDistrict NAMIBIA NG NorthEastDistrict NE CentralDistrict GhanziDistrict GH KwenengDistrict KgatjihgDistrict Kgalagadi District \gt KGL SouthernDistrii SoutheasternDistrict SE SOUTHAFRICA A checklist of Botswana grasses MARY GUNN LIBRARY 0000008642 South African National Biodiversity Institute Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from South African National Biodiversity Institute Libraries https://archive.org/details/checklistofbotswOOmkab A checklist of Botswana grasses 2004 Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 24 Recommendedcitationformat KABELO,M.&MAFOKATE,D.2004.AchecklistofBotswanagrasses.SouthernAfricanBotanicalDiversityNetwork ReportNo.24. SABONET,PretoriaandGaborone. Producedby BotswanaNationalMuseum NPraitviaotneaBlaHger0b0a1r1i4um NNAATTIIOONNMt/AAAiLLRARYYBBOOG~TTU~AAN~NNN~II~CCTLAATILLZB7R7AMI7RNoZYo~Tl~ii~1T~uJTiE£e f Gaborone PPRRIIVVAATTEE BBAAGG XX110011 Botswana PPRREETTOORRIIAA 00000011 Tel.(267)3973860/3974616 RREEPPUUBBLLIICC OOFF SSOOUUTTHH AAFFRRIICCAA_ Fax:(267)3911186/3902797 Publishedby SouthernAfricanBotanicalDiversityNetwork(SABONET) doNationalBotanicalInstitute.PrivateBagX101,0001,Pretoria.SouthAfrica andBotswanaNationalMuseum.PrivateBag00114,Gaborone.Botswana Printedin2004intheRepublicofSouthAfricabyCapturePress,Pretoria,(27) 12349-1802 ISBN 1-919976-06-X ©2004SABONET.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany meanswithoutthepermissionofthecopyrightholder. Editor-in-chief:MarthinaMossmer Scientificeditor:LynFish Subeditors:CeciliadeVosBelgraver,HanlievanHeerden,NicoleMeyer Textdesignandlayout:SuzanneOlivier,AntworksLayout&Design,Pretoria(27)72507-2198 Coverdesign:SuzanneOlivier,AntworksLayout&Design Frontcover:PhotosbySuzanneOlivier,Antworks.Topandbottomleft:Moremi.Bottomright:Okavango. Backcover: Schmidtiapappophoroides(Poaceae),photo: DrMoffatSetshogo; Enneapogon sp. growingintheBotanic Garden,Botswana,photo:DrBruceHargreaves;Aristidacongesta(Poaceae),photo:DrMoffatSetshogo. SABONETwebsite:www.sabonet.org This report is ajoint product ofthe National Herbarium ofthe BotswanaNational Museum and the SouthernAfrican BotanicalDiversityNetwork(SABONET)andwasmadepossiblethroughsupport providedbytheGlobalEnvironment Facility(GEF)/UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP)andtheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment (USAID)/WorldConservationUnion-RegionalOfficeforsouthernAfrica(IUCNROSA)(Plotno. 14818LebatlaneRoad, GaboroneWest,Extension6Gaborone,Botswana),underthetermsofGrantNo.690-0283-A-00-5950.Theopinionsexpressed hereinarethoseoftheauthorsand iUonaotnsecmessmarillygreflect"theviewsofUSAID,theSABONETSteeringCommitteeor SABONETNationalWorkingGroups. rr-B, r|in, rotanips•V— K-. mt f km l+ZJ (ki) CLASSES. I M t ACCESSION NO. | IUCN TheWorld Conservation Union 5 Contents Acknowledgements vi Introduction I Guideforusingthis checklist 2 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 Checklist of Botswana Grasses 4 References 14 Index 1 Acknowledgements TheNationalHerbariumwouldliketothanktheDirectorofBotswanaNationalMuseum.MinistryofLabourand HomeAffairs,forthesupportthattheygavetotheSABONETprojectandalsoforpermittingMsKabelotovisit the SRGH Herbarium in Harare toexamine Botswanagrass specimens. — ThetwoherbariaoftheUniversityofBotswana UCBGandPSUB(PeterSmithHerbariumatHarryOppenheimer — ResearchCentre,Maun) contributedalotofinformationtothispublication. ManythankstoMrMosesaneforcoordinatingtheprojectandprovidingadviceateverystageandalsoDrBruce Hargreaves,theHeadoftheNaturalHistoryDivisionoftheBotswanaNationalMuseumforgivingusinformation ongrasses.ThanksalsotoMsNozipoNobanda,HeadoftheNationalHerbariumandBotanicGardensinHarare, forallowingMsKabelotoworkonthe Botswanagrassesthatare housed in SRGH. Alotofencouragementandassistancecame from: LudoMatengeMogegeh, SABONET Research Officer(University ofBotswana Herbarium) MrChristopherChapano,SRGH,Zimbabwe MrAnthonyMapaura,SRGH,Zimbabwe MrSoulShava,SRGH,Zimbabwe SABONETRegionalCoordinator,DrStefanSiebert, forthemapofBotswanaDistricts EnoughKadinwaforassistingwiththemapmapshowingtowns,villages,anddistricts. We also extend our sincere thanks to Mr Jeremia Ramontsho of Range Ecology Division in the Ministry of AgricultureforgivingusalistofusefulgrassesofBotswana.Encouragementfordoingthispublicationcamefrom MrEdwinMitchell,aUNDPBotswanarepresentative.SpecialthankstoMsLynFishforcommentsonthedrafts and Dr Moffat Setshogo for giving us the grass list of Botswana. Many thanks to Mrs Polly Hargreaves, Dr MoffatP.Setshogo,andSuzanneOlivierforthephotographsusedinthispublication. Introduction Grasses, alsoreferredtoasthe Poaceaefamily, andspecifically thosetypesthatare found in Botswana, are the mainfocusofthispublication. Thegrassfamilyisthefifthlargestplantfamilyonearth.Itconsistsofapproximately9,700grassspeciesbelong- ing to 700genera, ofwhich about atenth (967 species and 194 genera) occur in southernAfrica. In Botswana about400speciesrepresenting94generahavebeenrecorded.Thisconstitutesnearlyhalfofthegrassesfoundin southernAfrica. This checklist was compiled using the grass collections housed in Botswana herbaria, namely the National Herbarium(GAB)andthe UniversityofBotswanaHerbarium(UCBG)inGaborone,andthePeterSmith Her- barium(PSUB)inMaun.InsomecasesspecimensofsomespeciesrecordedforBotswanawererecordedonlyin herbaria outside Botswana. These are housed at either the National Herbarum and Botanic Garden, Harare (SRGH),National Herbarium, Pretoria(PRE), andtheHerbarium, Royal BotanicGardens, Kew (K). Table I. Grasses commonly used in Botswana. Botanical Name Setswana Name Use Anthephorapubescens grazing Aristida congesta Seloka thatching huts Bothriochloa insculpta grazing Brachiaria nigropedata grazing Cenchrusciliaris Modikangwetsi/Molekangwetsi grazing Chlorisgayana grazing Chlorisvirgata grazing Cymbopogon caesius Mokamakama thatching huts Cynodon dactylon Modho/Motlhwa grazing Dichanthium annulatum var.papillosum grazing Digitaria eriantha grazing Digitariamilanjiana Namele/Moseka grazing Echinochloaholubii grazing Eragrostis lehmanniana Rathathe grazing Eragrostis nindensis grazing Eragrostispollens Motsikiri thatching huts Eragrostis rigidior Rathathe grazing Eragrostisrotifer grazing Eragrostis superba Mogamapudi grazing Eustachys paspaloides grazing Fingerhuthia africana grazing Megaloprotachne albescens grazing Panicumcoloratum grazing Panicummaximum Mhaha/Mphaga grazing Pennisetumpurpureum grazing Schmidtia pappophoroides Tshwang/Bojangjwadipitse grazing Setaria sphacelata Mabele/Motawaphesa grazing Stipagrostis uniplumis Tshikitshane thatching huts Urochloa trichopus Phoka/Sugwagaga grazing 2 Guide for using this checklist • Thechecklistisarrangedalphabetically,accordingtogeneraandspecies.Synonymsweretakenfromthemain referencesofthePRECISDatabase. • The currentgenus and species names are in bold print, forexample: Eragrostis superba. Synonyms are in italics,forexample,Aristidaargentea.Notallsynonymsforaspeciesislisted.Authornamesofthespeciesare notgivenaftertheequal sign(=). • Naturalisedtaxaareprecededbyanasterisk,forexample: *Eragrostisbarrelieri.Thesearespeciesthatwere introducedfromoutsideBotswanabutnowoccurinthe wildaspartofthe natural flora. • Lettersaftertheauthorname(s)andseparatedbycommas,indicatethedistributionofspecieswithinBotswana. Themapbelow showsthefollowinggeographicaldivisions: — KW— C Central Kweneng — CH—Chobe NE NorthEast — — GH Ghanzi NG Ngamiland — — KGL Kgalagadi S Southern — — KGT Kgatleng SE South East Ashortkeytothesesymbolsisprintedatthebottomofeachpage. Figure I.ThefioristicdistrictsofBotswana