Madrono, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 1-16, 2001 A CATALOGUE OF MOSSES FOR THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA James R. Shevock and David Toren Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 941 18-4599 Abstract The moss component for the bryoflora for the City and County ofSan Francisco contains 128 species representing over 22 percent of the California moss flora. Several mosses are suspected as being intro- duced since the mid-1900s and have subsequently becomeestablished and naturalized. A largecomponent ofthe moss floraofSan Franciscorepresentscosmopolitan specieshavingwidegeographicaldistributions. All but twelve ofthe 42 species based on the historic Bolander moss collections attributed to San Fran- cisco from the 1860s were relocated during this study. Sixty-five mosses are reported for the first time from the City and County of San Francisco. Of these, the rare species Triquetrella califoniica (Lesq.) Grout is also documented for San Francisco. Bryum pyriferum Crundw. & H. Whiteh., Campylopus pyriformis (F. Schultz) Bridel, Heterocladium dimorphiim (Brid.) Schimp. in B.S.G., Sematophyllum ad- natum (Michaux) Britton and Zygodon menziesii (Schwaegr.) Arnott are reported new for California and Zygodon menziesii is reported new for North America. What is today the city of San Francisco began at the City and County remained undeveloWpeWd up until Mission Dolores when Spanish priests and soldiers the 1940s, it was in the aftermath of II that established a mission on June 29, 1776. Since the many natural wild areas were rapidly developed for California gold rush of 1849, San Francisco has residential use in San Francisco (Howell, Raven & functioned as acenterfor immigration, afocal point Rubtzoff 1958). While much of the original land- ofcommerce and as a financial center Botanists too scape was altered or converted to residential and generally entered California via San Francisco high rise office buildings in subsequent decades, the (Slack 1993). Surrounded on three sides by the Pa- City and County of San Francisco nonetheless still cific Ocean and San Francisco Bay, the City and contain several areas of open space from land- County of San Francisco is contained at the tip of scaped parks to undeveloped hills where remnants the San Francisco Peninsula, a compact rectangular ofnative vegetation still persist. In otherareas, non- area of 128 sq. km. (47 sq. mi.). Built on 43 hills, native plantations dominated by Eucalyptus globu- the City and County elevation ranges from sea level lus Labill. and Cupressus macrocarpa Gordon (al- to 282.5 m. (927 ft.) at the summit of Mt. David- though the latter is native to other coastal areas of son. Twin Peaks at 281 m. and 275 m. along with California) contributed to the replaceinent of the Mt. Sutro at 277 m. are the highest points near the natural vegetation. These plantations, now ap- geographic center of the City and County of San proaching 100 years old, provide many microhab- Francisco. With a population of770,000, San Fran- itats for the establishment of moss populations. cisco is the second most densely populated Amer- ican city after New York. The Bay Area metropol- History ofmoss collecting in San Francisco. Yer- itan area is the Nation's fifth largest and the work- ba Buena (the earlier name for San Francisco), was day population of San Francisco swells to over 1.5 the northernmost expansion of Spanish rule in million (San Francisco Convention and Tourism North America. There appear to be no moss col- Bureau). lections obtained during the Spanish era between During the past 150 years San Francisco has un- 1776 and 1821. Neither were moss collections dergone phenomenal development with an associ- made during the Mexican period from 1821 to 1846 ated loss ofnative habitats (Eastwood 1945, Howell when the United States declared war on Mexico. 1934 and Howell, Raven & Rubtzoff 1958). As ear- Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco in 1847 ly as 1891, these landscape changes were already and Alta California was transferred by treaty from evident. In her introduction to the flora ofSan Fran- Mexico to the United States in 1848. California was cisco, Brandegee (1891) states "that the number of admitted to the Union as the 31st state in 1850. plants is not greater is due not only to the destruc- Moss collecting in San Francisco apparently began tion of native species, caused by the cutting down in the 1860s when Brewer collected Bryum argen- of hills, filling of swamps and burying streams in- teum near Mission Dolores in 1862, Kellogg col- cident to the growth of a large city, but even more lected Alsia californica from Lone Mountain in to the lack of variety in climate and conditions, the 1866 and Bolandercollected several mosses at Mis- city being surrounded on three sides by water and sion Dolores and Fort Point in 1868. Earlier collec- swept by ocean winds." While several portions of tors of mosses in California include SuUivant in MADRONO 2 [Vol. 48 1853 and Lesquereux in 1865 but label data are three species, Fontinalis neomexicana, Orthotri- absent to conclude that any oftheircollections were chum rivulare and Pohlia wahlenbergii appear to obtained from San Francisco (Thiers & Emory be extirpated from the City and County of San 1992). Bolander, who was employed for a short Francisco through loss of suitable habitat. Several time as a botanical assistant for the State Geologi- mosses were routinely encountered on a variety of cal Survey, was the principal collector of mosses habitats and substrates while others appear to be in California in the 1860s. His collections added locally uncommon orrestricted. The numberofcol- significantly to the catalogue of mosses known lections cited for each species is a good approxi- from California (Lesquereux 1868 & Watson 1880), mation of whether it is a common or a rare com- now evident in several taxa named to commemo- ponent of the moss flora in the City and County of rate him. San Francisco. lecBtrioannsdehgoeuese(d18a9t1t)hceonUsnoilviedrastietdytHheerBboalrainudme,rUcnoil-- Fragmentation of habitats and associated sub- versity of California and added a list of mosses to strates available for moss establishment. Today, her San Francisco vascular plant flora. The moss remnants of free-flowing creeks and fragments of flora was based on species concepts of that time native vegetation ranging from sand dunes and and comprised 42 taxa. Bolander's label informa- northern coastal scrub to serpentine grasslands can tion, although standard for that era, was very still be found in San Francisco. Salt and fresh water sparse. It is difficult to determine exactly where marshes have been drained and filled decades ago many of the San Francisco specimens were ob- but are beginning to re-establish on fill land. In the tained beyond the few references to Mission Do- areas where small lakes (ponds) remain, the natural lores and Fort Point. There appears to be no pub- flow of water has been altered along with great lished record to indicate the level ofeffort Bolander changes in water chemistry. Most of these bodies invested in his moss collecting endeavors within of water are no longer viable for the establishment San Francisco. ofmosses, primarily a result ofalgal concentrations In addition to these early field workers, several and/or presence ofpollutants such as those in storm other botanists, known nearly exclusively for their run-off from streets. Nearly all of the forested hab- flowering plant collecting and floristic publications, itat is the result of tree plantations or trees that be- also collected mosses in San Francisco during their came established and spread from initial plantings cinare1e9r2s3.,CbolylePcettieornsRawveerne imnad1e949b,y A1l9i5c0eaEnadst1w9o5o4d, t&hatModoatreef1r9o6m5)t.he 1870s to the 1920s (McClintock by Frederick J. Hermann in 1962 and by John Tho- Several city parks are located throughout theCity mas Howell in 1969. Among Peter Raven's first and County. The largest is Golden Gate Park at botanical collections were mosses obtained from 407.5 hectares (1007 ac). The Presidio and Golden Golden Gate Park when he was fourteen years old Gate National Recreation Area, managed by the which he brought to the Academy ofSciences. Leo National Park Service provides a federal contribu- Koch and Fay MacFadden, the prominent field tion to open space in the City and County of San Francisco. The most protected landscape within the bryologists during this period, identified them. We undertook this study to determine how many County ofSan Francisco is the Farallon Islands Na- oBfratnhdeemgoesese(s189o1b)t,aiLneesdqbuyerBeoulxan(d1e8r6,8)a,sarnedporWtaetdsobny t&ionWailldWliilfdeliSfeervRiecfeu.geT,hemsaenaisgoeladtebdy, btahrereUn.,S.wiFnids-h r(e1-8l8o0c)a,teadndwitfhrionmthseubCsietqyuaenntd Ccoolulnetctyorosf,ScaonulFdrabne- bsrweeepdtinggranoicteicaniicslanbdisrdsareanhdompeinntiopetdhsousaannddsaoref cisco after 130 years of substantial land-use closed to public access. Today several conservation changes. We also wanted to know if we could doc- efforts are ongoing to either maintain or restore na- ument mosses that were overlooked by Bolander tive plant habitats from sand dunes and northern and subsequent collectors and determine if addi- coastal scrub to serpentine grasslands. Management tional mosses, such as introduced exotics, are now for endangered species is a catalyst for these vari- becoming a naturalized component ofthe bryoflora ous restoration efforts in San Francisco. Public de- of California. Our field collecting began in the fall boaftethewilelxtaelnssoivfeocmuastuornetEheuclaolnygp-ttuesrmplmanatnaatgioenmsenotn owfe1o9b9t9aianneddc6o6n8clmuodsesdcionltlheectfiaolnlsorfe2p0r0e0s.enTtoingget1he12r Mplta.ntaSuttiroon,s iMnt.theDaPvriesdisdoino,. and Monterey cypress species within the City and County of San Francis- co. Sixteen taxa reported by earlier collectors from Floristic Analysis. Most of the scientific names San Francisco were not relocated during this study. applied to the Bolander collections have since been Ofthis total, twelve were Bolander collections dat- modified based on eitherreplacement ofmisapplied ing from 1868. We believe that potential habitat European moss names or changes in species con- still remains within the City and County for most cepts as well as generic placement. When the spe- of these taxa, even though we did not encounter cies circumscription differs from the name refer- them during our study. Five of these taxa are soil enced by Brandegee (1891) Lesquereux (1868) or ephemerals that can be easily overlooked. Only Watson (1880), we have provided the synonomy as 2001] SHEVOCK AND TOREN: SAN FRANCISCO MOSSES 3 far as we can determine it for that specimen. We except at the very base, among buttresses, or ex- have attempted to locate all ofthe Bolander collec- posed roots. Bark chemistry may also be a factor tions obtained from San Francisco. We also cite the in limiting moss colonization on Monterey cypress. herbaria and collectors where other San Francisco Aside from these factors, the cypress canopies are specimens are deposited. One feature of this spec- nearly impervious to all but the heaviest rain, and imen-based catalogue is to list for each taxon the this coupled with a outwardly descending branch earliest collection date found among herbarium re- arrangement moves moisture away from the trunk. cords examined. The California Academy of Sci- The area beneath cypress trees is therefore dry ences began operation in 1853. We speculate, how- much ofthe year. Stands ofhorticultural pines dom- ever, that some moss specimens from the Bolander inated by Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), era may also have been lost in the 1906 earthquake while covered in lichens, generally lack mosses al- and fires that ravaged the City and damaged the together. Again we speculate that the bark is not a California Academy of Sciences building which suitable substrate for moss colonization within the was at that time located on Market Street. climatic parameters present in San Francisco. Distribution ofmosses within the City and Coun- Many wooded or forested areas are also choked ty of San Francisco is directly related to substrate with a dense understory of non-natives dominated preference and habitat availability (Table 1). The by French broom {Genista monspessulana (L.) L. number of mosses occurring within the study area Johnson), English ivy (Hedera helix) L., Cape ivy is, in our view, relatively species rich for such a (Delairea odorata Lem.), nasturtium (Tropaeolum highly urbanized area. We were, however, surprised majus L.) and/or Himalayan blackberry (Rubus dis- by the number of common coastal species of the color Weihe & Nees). Only grasslands provide rel- California bryoflora found in adjacent Marin and atively open patches of gravelly or rocky soils San Mateo counties that were not encountered dur- where mosses have a chance to compete. Another ing this study. We attribute these "missing taxa" to major factor influencing moss colonization relates several factors. San Francisco seems to have lacked directly to the geological parent rock material. a native coast redwood forest similar to that found Franciscan chert, the most common rock type in in the vicinity of Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County San Francisco appears to be a poor substrate forthe to the north or in the Santa Cruz Mountains region establishment ofmosses due to its flaking and frac- in Santa Cruz and San Mateo counties to the south. turing characteristics. Other rock types are rare to According to historic accounts trees were an un- uncommon within the City and County and that common feature of the San Francisco landscape limits the potential for establishment ofspecies that (Howell, Raven & Rubtzoff 1958). This lack ofna- prefer a different rock or soil chemistry. For ex- tive forests in San Francisco is most likely the re- ample, granitic rocks are only present at the Far- sult of the strong winds that regularly channel allon Islands and limestone is completely lacking. through the San Francisco Bay and the extensive Only one rocky outcrop was found to contain sand dune system that covered the western portion enough lime to support a colony of Gymnostomum ofSan Francisco. Whatever native forest stands did aeruginosum, an obligate calciphile. Besides rock exist were restricted to the higher peaks and then and tree substrates that influence moss colonization, probably heavily utilized for both lumber and fuel desiccation is also a factor due to the strong winds wood consumption during the early years ofgrowth that frequently channel across the City from the Pa- of both Mission Dolores and the Presidio of San cific Ocean. Francisco. Several cosmopolitan species are quite successful Compared with other tree species along the in the City and County and can be found on a wide coast, such as Acer macrophyllum Pursh, Alnus ru- assortment of substrates such as concrete retaining bra Bong., Quercus spp., and Umhellularia cali- walls, bricks, sidewalks, and even asphalt. Bryum, fornica (Hook & Arn.) Nutt., the bark of both Eu- Didymodon, Grimmia, Syntrichia and Tortula spe- calyptus and Cupressus appears to be limiting as a cies are relatively common on such substrates. Be- primary substrate supporting moss colonization. sides the widespread taxa, a few species in San Where Eucalyptus dominates, its bark shedding Francisco are clearly elements of other bryofloras characteristic coupled with a thick leaflitter can be that we view as representing recent introductions to quite an impediment to moss colonization that pre- California. Exactly when these taxa were intro- fer soil or bark. Even where moss occurs on the duced remains speculative, but a few have been trunks and bases ofEucalyptus, it is not widespread around for several decades and can be considered within a particular stand of trees. There appears to naturalized in California. These introduced mosses be a considerable amount of unoccupied habitat. include Bryumpyriferum, Calliergonella cuspidata, The bark of Cupressus macrocarpa is well fur- Campylopus introflexus, Campylopus pyriformis, rowed and thick, but we speculate that its density Campylopus subulatus, Heterocladium dimorphum, and composition does not readily permit moisture Sematophyllum adnatum, Vesicularia vesicularis absorption. Even when wetted, the bark dries and Zygodon menziesii. Of these taxa, Bryum pyr- quickly. This would seem to explain why mosses iferum, Campylopus pyriformis, Heterocladium di- are infrequently encountered on Monterey cypress morphum, Sematophyllum adnatum and Zygodon m MADRONO 4 [Vol. 48 Table 1. Generalized habitatpreferences formosses Table 1. Continued. IN San Francisco. Phascum cuspidatum Soil and gravels Pleuridium acuminatum Atrichum undulatum Pleuridium sublatum Barbula convoluta Pseudocrossidium obtusulum Bryum argenteum Rock outcrops Bryum bicolor Anacolia menziensii Bryum canariense Bryum capillare BBarryturmamciaanasrtiriecntsae Bryum gemmascens Bryum capillare Bryum gemmilucens Bryumpyriferum Bryum lisae Campylopus introflexus Bryum pseudotriquetrum Dicranella heteromalla Bryum torquescens Dicranoweisia cirrata Ceratodon purpureus Didymodon vinealls Claopodium whippleanum Grimmia laevigata Dicranella heteromalla Grimmia lisae Dicranella howei Grimmia montana Dicranella varia Grimmiapulvinata Didymodon insulanus Grimmia trichophylla Didymodon umbrosus Homalothecium arenarium Didymodon vinealls Homalothecium nuttallii Ditrichum ambiguum Isothecium cristatum Ditrichum schimperi Kindbergia praelonga Epipterygium tozeri Plagiothecium laetum Fissidens bryoides longifolius Polytrichumjuniperinum Fissidens crispus Polytrichumpiliferum Fissidens curvatus Porotrichum bigelovii Fissidens minutulus Pterogonium gracile Fissidens sublimbatus Scleropodium californicum Funaria hygrometrica Syntrichia amplexa Funaria muhlenbergii Syntrichia princeps Homalothecium arenarium Triquetrella californica Kindbergiapraelonga Pohlia nutans Leaflitter Polytrichastrum alpinum Dicranum howellii Polytrichumjuniperinum Eurhynchium hians Polytrichum piliferum Homalothecium arenarium Pseudocrossidium obtusulum Kindbergia oregana Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans Kindbergiapraelonga Scleropodium californicum Tree trunks, branches or exposed roots Scleropodium cespitans Scleropodiumjulaceu Alsia californica Syntrichia amplexa Amblystegium serpens Syntrichia bolanderi Antitrichia californica Timmiella anomala Bryolawtonia vancouveriensis Bryum argenteum Timmiella crassinerx'is Tortula obtusifolia Bryum canariense Campylopous subulatus Triquetrella californica Weissia controversa Dicranoweisia cirrata Dicranumfuseescens Ephemeral mosses on soil (observed primarily during Heterocladium dimorphum winter months) Isothecium cristatum Acaulon rufescens Isothecium myosuroides Chenia leptophylla Isothecium spiculiferum Entosthodon bolanderi Orthotrichum consimile Ephemerum serratum Orthotrichum diaphanum Fissidens bryoides longifolius Orthotrichum lyellii Fissidens crispus Orthotrichum tenellum Fissidens curvatus Pterogonium gracile Fissidens minutulus Syntrichiapagorum Fissidens sublimbatus Syntrichiaprinceps Funaria muhlenbergii Tortulapapillosa Hennediella heimii Tortulaplinthobia Hennediella stanfordensis Zygodon menziesii M icrobryum starkeanum Zygodon rupestris 2001] SHEVOCK AND TOKEN: SAN FRANCISCO MOSSES 5 Table 1. Continued. Table 1. Continued. Rotten wood and logs Orthotrichum diaphanum Amblystegium serpens Orthotrichum tenellum Aulacomnium androgynum Philonotis capillaris Dicranoweisia cirrata Syntrichia ruralis Isothecium cristatum Syntrichia princeps Isothecium myosuroides Tortula atrovirens Isothecium spiculiferum Tortula brevipes Kindbergia oregana Tortula latifolia Kindbergia praelonga Tortula muralis Orthodicrajiwn taiiricum Tortula obtusifolia Plagiothecium laetum Tortula papillosa Sematophyllum adnatum Seeps and wet places AAmmbbllyysstteeggiiuummjsiierrapteznksanum mofelnozriae.sZiiygaordeonnemwenzaidedsiitii,onnsattiovethteo CChaillief,orAnuisatrbarlyi-a Brachythecium asperrimum and New Zealand is reported here for the first time Brachythecium rutabulum in North America. Considering the number of po- Brachythecium scdebroswn tential introduction sites from the horticultural trade Bryum capillare and the diversity ofcultivated plants imported from Crumia latifolia all over the world to San Francisco, it is somewhat Didymodon tophaceus remarkable that so few exotic mosses have actually Drepanocladus aduncus Fontinalis neomexicana become established and naturalized. It seems likely Gymnostomum aeruginosum that both habitat and substrate availability coupled Hygroamblystegium tenax with climatic factors are indeed real barriers to Kindbergia oregana moss establishment in San Francisco. Mosses not Kindbergia praelonga accustomed to a Mediterranean-type environment Leptobryum pyriforme with growth primarily restricted to the cool wet Leptodictyum riparium winter season followed by an extended summer Orthotrichum rivulare drought period are unlikely to become a naturalized Pohlia wahlenbergii component of the California bryoflora. The four Porotrichum bigelovii highest peaks in the City also form a rain shadow Scleropodium cespitans Scleropodium colpophyllum effect that is quite evident during the summer fog Scleropodiumjulaceum periods. The Eucalyptus plantations on Mt. Sutro Scleropodium obtusifolium and Mt. Davidson during the summer months are Scleropodium touretii commonly engulfed in fog while the easternportion Vesicularia vesicularis of the City remains relatively sunny and dry. The Lawns associated fog drip may account for the diversity of mosses encountered on these two peaks within Amblystegium serpens the City and County of San Francisco. Brachythecium asperrimum Brachythecium rutabulum Calliergonella cuspidata Acknowledgments Campylopuspyriformis We thank the San Francisco Recreation and Parks De- Kindbergiapraelonga partment, PresidioTrust, GoldenGateNational Recreation Leptodictyum riparium Area, National Park Service and Farallon National Wild- Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus life Refuge, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for providing Scleropodium californicum collecting permits to sample various habitats for this Scleropodium cespitans study. Vouchers ofour moss collections are placed in the Scleropodium colpophyllum herbarium ofthe Department ofBotany, California Acad- Concrete walls, bricks, sidewalks, buildings, asphalt emy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park (CAS). In addition, Bryum argenteum we have also cited the herbaria where duplicates have Bryum capillare been deposited, primarily MO, NY, and UC. Jake Sigg Ceratodon purpureus and Peter Holloran provided habitat comments to an early Didymodon australasiae draft ofthis paper and Steve Jessup and Brent Mishler, as DDiiddyymmooddoonn nriicghidoullsuosnii piemeprrorveevdietwheersf,inaplropvrioddeudct.seWveeralalscoomtmhaennktssevtehraatlgbrreyaotll-y Didymodon umbrosus ogists for providing specimen identifications or verifying DFuindayrmioadohyngrvoinmeeatlriisca oFurrahmdet(eCrammipnyatlioopnuss.),SpBerceinatlMitshhalnekrs (tSoyntDrrisc.hiaJa&n-PTeotre-r HGormiamlmoitahpeuclivuimnantuattallii Jtuolhan),SJpeseunsceMu(hBoryzum()G,riDmamliea)V,itRton(aOlrdthPoutrrsielclhu(mFis&sidZeyngso)-, Isothecium cristatum don) and Richard Zander (Pottiaceae). These various con- tributions are referenced directly with the specimen cita- MADRONO 6 [Vol. 48 tion in this catalogue. Finally, we thank Dan Norris who 18765 (CAS, MO, UC); near Elk Glen Lake, has been extremely helpful and supportive throughoutthis Shevock 18894 (CAS, MO, UC), Paperback! project. He provided determinations or confirmations for Cross, Shevock 18804 (CAS, UC); Panhandle,, many specimens in this catalogue and he has inspired us Toren 7801 (CAS) and near Conservatory of to work on moss floristics. Flowers, Toren 7747 (CAS) & Shevock 18802^ (CAS, UC); Brotherhood Way near Lake Mer- Literature Cited ced, Shevock 19286 (CAS, UC); Mt. Sutro, Shev-\ Brandegee, K. 1891. A list of the mosses of San Fran- ock 19186 (CAS, UC); Lafayette Park, Shevock\ cisco, California, [an appendix to flowering plants 19249 (CAS, UC). and ferns of San Francisco]. Zoe 2: 384-386. Amblystegium juratzkanum Schimp. First record:| Eastwood, A. 1945. The wildflowergardens ofSan Fran- 1953. Golden Gate Park, Japanese Tea Garden, cisco in the 1890s. Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 153-156. V. S. Bryan 33 (herb, not stated) [specimen cited Howell, J. T. 1934. Field days in San Francisco. 1. Leafl. in Steere, Anderson & Bryan 1954]. WSeasn,t.FP.rBaHon.tc.iRsca1:ov,8eC9na-l9ai1fn.odrniRa.RuWbatszmoaffn.nJ1.95o8f.BiAol.flo1r6a(1)o:f AmbFliryssttreegciourdm:s1e9r6p2e.nsOn(Hleadwwn.s), Sbcasheimopf.trieneBt.rSu.nGk.s 1-157. and occasionally concrete retaining walls. Gold- Lesquereux, L. 1868. Catalogue ofPacific Coast mosses. en Gate Heights Park, Toren 7946 (CAS); El Po- Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1 part 1. SanFrancisco. 38 pgs. lin Loop, Presidio of San Francisco, Shevock McClintock, E. and V. Moore. 1965. Trees of the Pan- 19230 (CAS, UC); Lafayette Park, Shevock handle, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Cal. Acad. 19238, 19239 & 19248 (CAS, UC); Jefferson Sci., Misc. Paper No. 1. 56 pps. San Francisco. Square, Shevock 18898 (CAS, UC); Alta Plaza, Slack, N. G. 1993. Botanical exploration of California, Shevock 19255 (CAS, UC); Mission Dolores cWhoarpkt.erUn1i0.v.InN:eMwillMere,xiSc.oM.Pr(eeds.s)., John MuirLife and Park, Shevock 18989 & 19991 (CAS, UC); Wal- SteerCeh,roW.moCs,omLe. Es.tuAdinedserisnonCalainfdorVn.iaS.moBsrsyeasn.. M1e95m4.. etroon Pnaerakr, SPiheervo2c9k &1933015, (SChAeSv,ocUkC)1;91E0m5ba(rCcAaSd,- Torr. Bot. Club 20(4) 1-75. [chromosome counts MO, UC); Lone Mountain, University of San made for two mosses obtained from San Francisco]. Francisco, Shevock 19339 (CAS, UC); Golden Syed, H. 1973. A taxonomic study of Bryum capillare Gate Park: Koch 1635 & 2308 (UC), Wagners.n. Hedw. and related species. J. Bryol. 7(3): 265-326. (UC), Norris 97033 (UC); Strybing Botanical [cites a historic collection of Bryum torquescens ob- Garden, Hermann 17444 (CAS) & Shevock tained from San Francisco]. 19514 (CAS, UC), Conservatory of Flowers, Thiers, B.M. and K.S.G. Emory. 1992, The history of Shevock 19307 & 19308 (CAS, UC), Panhandle, bryology in California. The Bryologist 95: 68-78. Watson, S. 1880. Botany of California. Musci. In: Vol. Toren 7800 (CAS), Shevock 18764 (CAS, UC), II. Geol. Survey of California, pgs. 353-423. Wiley Shevock 18774 (CAS, MO, UC), Shevock 18933 & Sons, Univ. Press, Cambridge. (CAS, UC), De Laveaga Dell, Aids Memorial Welch, W. H.. 1960. A monograph ofthe Fontinalaceae. Grove, Shevock 19524 (CAS, UC); Golden Gate Martins Nijhoff. The Hague. 357 pps. [cites ahistoric National Recreation Area: Fort Mason, Shevock collection ofFontinalis neomexicana from San Fran- 19091 (CAS, UC) and Aquatic Park, Shevock cisco]. 19096 (CAS, UC); Third at Burke Streets, Shev- ock 20204 (CAS, UC). Catalogue of IVIosses Anacolia menziesii (Turn.) Par. First record: 2000. Acaulon nifescens Jaeg. [= Sphaerangium muticum On soil over rock. Open space (future park) at (Brandegee 1891 & Lesquereux 1868)]. First Castro and 30'^ Streets. Toren 8020 (CAS). record: 1868. On exposed soil. Grounds and Antitrichia californica Sull. in Lesq. First record: fields of meadows, IVlission Dolores, Bolander 2000. On concrete retaining wall. Generally s.n. (UC) [confirmed by Toren]. Although habitat found on tree trunks or boulders. Yerba Buena for this species still remains in San Francisco, Island, Shevock 19111 (CAS, UC); Alcatraz Is- we did not encounter it during this study. land, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Alsia califomica (Hook. & Arnott) SuU. First rec- Shevock, Toren & Thomas 20210a (CAS). ord: 1866. On branches and trunks ofboth hard- Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. [Lesquer- wood and conifer trees, especially Quercus, Pit- eux 1868]. First record: 1868. On exposed min- tosporum, Salix, Eucalyptus and Cupressus. Mis- eral soils. Mission Dolores, Bolander s.n. (not sion Dolores, Kellogg s.n. (CAS); The Dell, Lone located at UC). Although habitat exists for this Mountain, Kellogg s.n. (CAS); San Francisco, moss in the City especially on Mt. Davidson and Bolander s.n. (UC); Golden Gate Heights Park, Mt. Sutro, we did not encounter it during our Toren 7942 (CAS) & Shevock 19200 (CAS, study. UC); Glen Canyon, San Miguel Hills, Shevock Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwaegr. First 18878 & 18880 (CAS, UC); Golden Gate Park: record: 2000. On rotten wood and logs. Golden Botanical Garden, Hermann 17445 (CAS), near Gate Park near Strawberry Hill, Shevock 19161 middle lake of Chain of Lakes, Shevock 19210 (CAS, MO, UC) and Chain of Lakes, Shevock (CAS, UC), near Stow Lake, Shevock 18761 & 19207(CAS, UC); Mt. Sutro, Toren 7749(CAS). 2001] SHEVOCK AND TOREN: SAN FRANCISCO MOSSES 1 Barbula convoluta Hedw. [Lesquereux 1868]. First 19280 (CAS, UC); Lafayette Park, Shevock record: 1868. On exposed soil. In gardens, San 19237 (CAS, MO, UC); Third and Burke Streets, Francisco, Bolanders.n. (UC); Stow Lake, Gold- Shevock 20205 (CAS, UC). en Gate Park, Koch 2310 (UC); De Laveaga Bryum bicolor Dicks. = Bryum californicum Dell, Aids Memorial Grove, Shevock 19517 (Brandegee 1891 & Le[squereux 1868), B. occi- (CAS, UC); along California Academy of Sci- dentale (Brandegee 1891) and = Bryum dicho- ences building, Shevock 18752 (CAS, UC); Twin tomum]. First record: 1868. On soil. Common Peaks, Eastwood 57 (MO) [det. by Zander] and around San Francisco, on the ground in grassy Eastwood59 (CAS) [det. by Bartram]; Mt. Sutro, places, Bolander s.n. (UC); sand dunes, Olson- Toren 7773 (CAS); Cesar Chavez Street at high- Sejfer s.n. (UC) [det. by Koch; confirmed by To- way 101, Toren 7816 (CAS); Below overpass of ren]; Mt. Sutro, Toren 7774 (CAS); Bay View highway 101 near Pet Cemetery, Presidio of San Park west of Candlestick, Toren 7832 (CAS); Francisco, Shevock 19365 (CAS, UC). Alta Plaza, Shevock 19256 (CAS, UC); Lafayette Barbula unguiculata Hedw. First record: 2000. On Park, Shevock 19234 (CAS, UC). exposed soil. Grand View below Twin Peaks, To- Bryum canariense Brid. First record: 2000. On soil, ren 7743 (CAS); Golden Gate Park and 41st Av- occasionally on rock outcrops or base of tree enue and Lincoln Way, Toren 8023 (CAS); West trunks. Park Blvd., entrance of Fort Winfield Pacific Street nearArguello Gate, Presidio ofSan Scott, Presidio of San Francisco, Shevock 19369 Francisco, Shevock 19360 (CAS, UC). (CAS, UC); Golden Gate National Recreation Bartramia stricta Brid. [Lesquereux 1868]. First Area: Fort Miley, Shevock 19372 (CAS, UC) & record: 1868. On over rock. On moist rocks and Fort Funston, Shevock 19159 (CAS, UC); Cesar ground around San Francisco, Bolander s.n. Chavez Blvd. At highway 101, Shevock 19277 (UC); Glen Canyon, San Miguel Hills, Shevock (CAS, UC); Twin Peaks, Shevock 18864 (CAS, 18884 (CAS, UC); O'Shaughnessy Blvd., Glen UC); Southeast Farallon Island, Farallon Nation- Canyon, Toren 7812 (CAS). al Wildlife Refuge, Shevock 20147 & 20151 Brachythechim asperrunum (C. Miill.) SuU. First (CAS, UC); Corona Heights, Shevock 18821 record: 1975. On lawns and grassy areas. Mary (CAS, UC); Bay View Park, Shevock 19020 Ward Hall, San Francisco State University, (CAS, UC); Twin Peaks, Shevock 18869 (CAS, Showers 2852 (SFSU) [confirmed by Toren]; UC); Verba Buena Island, Shevock 19117 (CAS, Golden Gate Park near Chain of Lakes, Shevock MO, UC); Alamo Square, Shevock 18906 (CAS, 19163 (CAS, UC); Mt Sutro, Shevock 19185 UC). (CAS, UC); Turk and Mason Streets, J. T. How- Bryum capillare Hedw. First record: 1868. On soil, ell s.n. (CAS). rock outcrops or concrete retaining walls. Sandy Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B. S. soils near coast, Bolander s.n. (UC); Golden G. First record: 2000. On lawns and grassy areas. Gate Park, Wagner 2363 (UC) [det. by Koch; Near Pet Cemetery below highway 101, Presidio confirmed by Toren]; Alamo Square, Shevock of San Francisco, Shevock 19367 (CAS, UC) 18913 (CAS, UC); Paramount Terrace off Stan- [det. by Norris]. yan Street, Toren 7752 (CAS); Douglass Play- Brachythecium salebrosum (Web. & Mohr.) ground, Toren 7782 (CAS); between Marietta Schimp. in B. S. G. First record: 2000. On soil Drive and O'Shaughnessy Blvd., Toren 7807 with seep or wet areas over rock. Cesar Chavez (CAS); Bay View Park west of Candlestick, To- Blvd. At highway 101, Shevock 19276 (CAS, ren 7829a (CAS) & Shevock 19014 (CAS, UC); UC) [det. by Norris]. Potrero Hill, Toren 7825 (CAS); Brotherhood Bryolawtonia vancouveriensis (Kindb. in Mac.) Way near Lake Merced Blvd., Toren 7946h Norris & Enroth First record: 2000. On base of (CAS); Glen Canyon, San Miguel Hills, Shevock tree trunks or exposed roots. Golden Gate 18889 (CAS, UC); Bernal Heights Park, Shevock Heights Park, Toren 7943 (CAS) & Shevock 19126 (CAS, UC); 14th Avenue and Ortega 19202 (CAS, MO, NY, UC); Golden Gate Park, Street, Shevock 19144 (CAS, UC); Stern Grove De Laveaga Dell, Aids Memorial Grove, Shev- and Pine Lake Park, Shevock 19158 (CAS, MO, ock 19521 (CAS, UC). UC); Mt. Sutro, Shevock 19172 (CAS, UC); Alta Bryum argenteum Hedw. [Lesquereux 1868]. First Plaza, Shevock 19259 (CAS, UC); Golden Gate record: 1862. On exposed disturbed soils, con- Heights Park, Shevock 19196 (CAS, UC); Pre- crete walls or base of tree trunks. Between Mis- sidio of San Francisco: Fort Point, Shevock sion Dolores and the sea. Brewer 898 (CAS, 18941 (CAS, UC) and near Pet Cemetery below UC); Common around San Francisco, Bolander highway 101, Shevock 19222 (CAS, UC); Alca- s.n.(\JC); near Sutrowood and Stanyan Street, traz Island, Golden Gate National Recreation Eastwood 55 (CAS); near Lake Merced, Koch Area, Shevock, Toren & Thomas 20210 (CAS, 1633 (UC); Jefferson Square, Shevock 18903 UC). (CAS); Bay View Park west of Candlestick, To- Bryum gemmascens Kindb. First record: 2000. On ren 7834 (CAS); Aqua Vista Park, Shevock soil, rock and gravels. Bernal Heights Park, To- 18994 (CAS, MO, UC); Balboa Park, Shevock ren 7792 (CAS); Cesar Chavez Blvd. at highway . MADRONO 8 [Vol. 48 101, Toren 7818 (CAS); Castro and 30th Streets, 19291 (BONN, CAS, MO, UC) [dets. by J-P Toren 8017 (CAS); Glen Canyon Park, San Mi- Frahm] guel Hills, Shevock 18887(CAS, UC); AquaVis- Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. First record: ta Park, Shevock 18995 (CAS, UC); Fort Point, 1868. On soils and gravels, rock outcrops and Presidio of San Francisco, Shevock 18937 (CAS, occasionally at base of tree trunks. Mission Do- UC). lores, Bolander s.n. (UC); Sutrowood and Stan- Bryum gemmilucens Wilcz. & Dem. First record: yan Street, Eastwood57 (CAS); Tank Hill, Shev- 2000. On soil and gravels. Aqua Vista Park, ock 18919 (CAS, MO, UC); Twin Peaks, Shev- Shevock 18993 (CAS, UC) [det. by Norris]. ock 18862 & 19142 (CAS, UC), Toren 7745 Bryum lisae De Not. First record: 2000. On rocky (CAS) and Raven 21 (CAS); between Marietta soils, retaining walls and bricks. Turk and Fill- Drive and O'Shaughnessy Blvd., Toren 7813 more Streets, Shevock 19343 (CAS, UC); Stern (CAS); Bay View Park, Shevock 19009 (CAS, Grove and Pine Lake Park, Shevock 19153 MO, UC); Mt. Davidson, Shevock 19289 (CAS, (CAS, UC); Twin Peaks, Shevock 18870 (CAS, UC); Mt. Sutro, Shevock 19194 (CAS, UC) & UC); Bay View Park, Shevock 19011 (CAS, 19183 (CAS, UC); 14th Avenue at Ortega Street, UC); Pacific Street, Presidio of San Francisco, Shevock 19148 (CAS, UC); Golden Gate Heights Shevock 19353 (CAS, UC); Golden Gate Nation- Park, Shevock 19203 (CAS, UC); Corona al Recreation Area: China Beach, Shevock 19274 Heights Park, Shevock 18824 (CAS, UC); Em- (CAS, UC) and between Painted Rock Cliffs and barcadero near Piers 29 & 31, Shevock 19104 Sutro Park, Shevock 18807 (CAS, UC). (CAS, UC); McLaren Park, Shevock 19135 Br'ySlumScphesrebu.doFtirrisqtuertecrourmd:(H2e0d0w0..)OGnaersotinl..,GMoelydeern G(aCtAeS,NaMtiOo,nalUCR)e;creCaotaisotnalArBelau,ffShTeraviol,ckG1o8l8d0e5n Gate Park between Middle and South Lake of (CAS, UC) & 18810 (CAS, MO, UC); Walton Chain of Lakes west of the Polo Field, Shevock Park, Financial District, Shevock 19301 (CAS, Bry19u2m0p6yr(iCfAeSr,umUCC)r.undw. & H. Whiteh. First rec- UC); Stanyan & Fulton Streets, Golden Gate ord: 2000. On rock wall. Alcatraz Island, Golden Park, Shevock 18837 (CAS, UC); Cesar Chavez Blvd. At highway 101, Toren 7821 (CAS). Gate National Recreation Area, Toren, Shevock S&peTncheo]m.asThi8s45c9ol(leCcAtSio)n[rdeept.recsoenntfsirtmheedfibrystJdoohcn- Che1n9i77a.lOepntoepxhpylolsaed(Cs.oilMsi.ilGl.o)ldZeanndG.atFeirsPtarrkecnoerda:r umented occurrence of this species for Califor- 41st Avenue and Lincoln Blvd., Toren 2921 (CAS, SFSU). Brnysoiuial.m. GtoolrqdueenscGeantse BParrukc,hKFoicrshtsr.ne.co(rMd:IC1H9)47[.ciOtend ClIavoepso)diReunm. w&hiCpaprlde.anFuirmst(rSeucUo.rd:in20W0h0i.ppOlneex&- by Syed 1973]; Lone Mountain, University of posed soils and rock underhangs. Mt. Sutro, San Francisco, Shevock 19334 (CAS, UC) [det. Shevock 19167 (CAS, MO, UC) & Shevock by Norris]. 19179a (CAS, UC); Mt. Davidson, Shevock Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske First rec- 19289 (CAS, MO, UC) & 19297 (CAS, UC). ord: 1969. In lawns and grassy areas. Fort Ma- Crumia latifolia (Kindb. in Mac.) Schof. First rec- son, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, /. T. ord: 2000. On calcareous seeps. Coastal Bluff Howell s.n. (CAS); A lawn weed at San Francis- Trail, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, co State University, Showers 450 (SFSU, UC); Shevock 18815 (CAS, UC); Sutro Bath Site, Mt. Sutro, Toren 7771 (CAS); McLaren Park, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Shevock Shevock 19136 (CAS, MO, UC); Potrero del Sol 19214 (CAS, UC). Park, Shevock 19278 (CAS, UC); Walton Park, Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. First rec- Shevock 19304 (CAS, UC). ord: 2000. On clayey soils and crevices of rock Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. First record: outcrops. Mt. Davidson, Shevock 18928 (CAS, 2000. On rock outcrops with soil. Mt. Davidson, MO, UC), Shevock 19288 (CAS, UC), 19292 Toren 7760 (BONN, CAS) [det by J-R Frahm]. (CAS, MO, UC) and Toren 7765 (CAS); Mt. Su- Campylopuspyriformis (F. Schultz) Bridel Firstrec- tro, Shevock 19171 (CAS, UC); Yerba Buena Is- ord: 2000. On soil of lawn. Embarcadero at land, Toren 8054 (CAS); Fort Point, Presidio of Chestnut Street across from Pier 29 & 31, Shev- San Francisco, Shevock 18936 (CAS, UC); ock 19102 (BONN, CAS, MO, NY, UC) [det. by Southeast Farallon Island, Farallon National J-P. Frahm]. This collection represents the first Wildhfe Refuge, Shevock 20148 (CAS, UC). documented occurrence of this species for Cali- Dicranella howei Ren. & Card. First record: 1868. fornia. On clayey soils. Bay of San Francisco, Bolander Campylopus suhulatus Schimp. in Rabenh. First s.n. (UC) [det. by Toren]; Coastal Bluff Trail, record: 2000. Base of tree trunks and on clayey Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Shevock soils. Panhandle, Golden Gate Park, Shevock 18806 (CAS, MO, UC); McLaren Park, Shevock 18769 (BONN, CAS, MO, UC) & 18772 19138 (CAS, UC). (BONN, CAS, NY, UC); Mt. Davidson, Shevock Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. First record: 2001] SHEVOCK AND TOREN: SAN FRANCISCO MOSSES 9 2000. On clayey soils. Bay View Park west of 18997 (BUF, CAS, MO, UC) [det. by Zander] & Candlestick, Toren 7839 (CAS). Shevock 18992 (CAS, UC). Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. ex Milde Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zand. [= Barbula cy- First record: 1954. On tree trunks, exposed roots lindrica, B. flexifolia, B. suhfallax, B. vinealis & & and rock outcrops. Mt. Davidson, Toren 7770 B. virescens (Brandegee 1891 Lesquereux (CAS); Golden Gate Heights Park, Toren 7941 1868)]. First record: 1868. On soil, rock out- (CAS); 14th Avenue and Ortega Street, Shevock crops, concrete retaining walls and buildings. 19149 (CAS, UC); Lincoln Park, Golden Gate Presidio of San Francisco: Fort Point, Bolander National Recreation Area, Shevock 19268 (CAS, s.n. (UC) & Shevock 18938 (CAS, UC), Baker MO, UC); Mt. Sutro, Shevock 19180 (CAS, UC); Beach, Shevock 18951 (CAS), Shevock 18946 & Presidio of San Francisco, Shevock 19355 (CAS, 18947 (CAS, UC), near Pet Cemetery below UC); Panhandle section of Golden Gate Park, highway 101, Shevock 19223 (CAS, UC) and Ju- Shevock 20287 (CAS, UC) and horseshoe court lius Kahn Playground near Locust Street, Shev- near Stanyan and Fulton Sts., Raven s.n. (CAS) ock 19351 (CAS, UC); Mission Dolores, Howe [det. by MacFadden; confirmed by Toren]. 501 (CAS) and Shevock 20282 (CAS, UC); Dictrreaemitrmunfkuss.ceMstc.ensSuTturron,. SFhiresvtocrekco1rd9:1922000(.CAOSn, FTruarnkkl&inFainldlmoPraecifSitcreeSttsr,eetSsh,evRoacvken19s3.n4.1((CCAASS),; UC); Mt. Davidson, Shevock 19296 (CAS, UC); UC). Dicramim howellii Ren. & Card. First record: 2000. Mt. Sutro, Shevock 19188 (CAS, UC); Buena O19n29s0oil(CaAnSd,leMafO,littNerY.,MtU.C)DavainddsoTno,reSnhe7v7o6c7k VtriesrtoaHPialrlk,,TSohreevnoc7k821689(1C4AS()C,ASSh,evMoOc,k U1C9)0;01Po&- 19004 (CAS, UC); Twin Peaks, Shevock 18865 (CAS). Didymodon australasiae (Grev. & Hook.) Zand. (CAS, UC); Douglass Playground, Toren 7781 First record: 2000. On concrete wall ofbuildings. (CAS); Bernal Heights Park, Toren 7788 (CAS) and Shevock 19127 (CAS, UC); Bay View Park Golden Gate Park, South Windmill, Shevock west of Candlestick, Toren 7838 (CAS); open 18896 (BUF, CAS, UC) [confirmed by Zander]. Diodrydm:o2d0o0n0.inOsnidsaanunsdy(DsoeilsN.ot1.4)thM.AvHeinllueFiarsntdrOerc-- s(1pC9aA1cS1e,8aUt&C3)0;2t0hY2ea4rn8bda(CBCauAsetSnr,ao IUSstClr)aen;edt,,KSSihhteeevvooHcicklkl119P91a31r54k,6, tega Street, Shevock 19145 (CAS, UC) [det. by Shevock 19140 (CAS, UC); Stern Grove and Norris]. Pine Lake Park, Shevock 19150 & 19155 (CAS, Didymodon nicholsonii Culm. First record: 2000. UC); Golden Gate Heights Park, Shevock 19197 On cement brick wall. Golden Gate Park at Wil- (CAS, UC); Near Stanyan and Fulton Streets, lard North and Fulton Streets, Shevock 18833 Raven s.n. (CAS); Golden Gate Park: Lily Lake, (CAS, UC) [det. by Norris]. Shevock 18820 (CAS, UC); Mallard Lake, Ob- Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. First record: 2000. On erlander s.n. (SFSU) [det. by Toren]; De Lav- asphalt walkways. Golden Gate Park, De Lav- eaga Dell, Aids Memorial Grove, Shevock 19525 eaga Dell, Aids Memorial Grove, Shevock 19515 (CAS, UC), California Academy of Sciences & 20283 (CAS, UC). building, Shevock 18751 (CAS, UC); Golden Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa [= Trichosto- Gate National Recreation Area: Fort Miley, USS mum tophaceum (Lesquereux 1868)]. First rec- San Francisco Memorial, Shevock 19370 (CAS, ord: 1868. On wet soils and seeps generally with UC); Lincoln Park, Shevock 19265 & 19269 some salts. Fort Point (base of the Golden Gate (CAS, UC), Fort Mason, Shevock 19093 (CAS, Bridge), Presidio ofSan Francisco: Bolanders.n. UC); Alcatraz Island, Golden Gate National Rec- (UC) & Howe 55 (UC), Shevock 18816 & 18934 reation Area, Steen s.n. (UC), Toren 8469 (CAS) (CAS, UC), Toren 7742 (CAS), Baker Beach, and Shevock, Toren & Thomas 20211 & 20215 Shevock 18950 & 19152 (CAS, UC) and El Polin (CAS, UC). Spring, Shevock 19231 (CAS, UC); Bay View Ditrichmn ambigmmi Best First record: 2000. On Park west ofCandlestick, Toren 7841 (CAS) and soil overrock. Mt. Davidson, Toren 7805 (CAS). Shevock 19007 (CAS, MO, NY, UC); McLaren Ditrichmn schimperi (Lesq.) Kuntze First record: Park, Shevock 19137 (CAS, UC); Lake Merced, 2000. On soil over rock. Mt. Sutro, Toren 7748 Raven 3 (CAS); Sutro Baths site. Golden Gate (CAS); Corona Heights, Shevock 18882 (CAS, National Recreation Area, Shevock 19211 & UC); Mt. Davidson, Shevock 18926 & 19299 19213 (CAS, UC), China Beach, Shevock 19271 (CAS, UC); Glen Canyon, San Miguel Hills, & 19272 (CAS, UC) and Lands End, Eastwood Shevock 18890 (CAS, MO, UC); Corona s.n. (CAS) [det. by Koch; confirmed by Toren]; Heights, Shevock 18822 (CAS, MO, UC); Yerba Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, Shevock 18756 Buena Island, Toren 8057 (CAS). (CAS, UC). Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. = Hyp- [ Didymodon umbrosus (C. Miill.) Zand. Firstrecord: nwn adunciim (Brandegee 1891 & Lesquereux 2000. On compacted soils over concrete or as- 1868)]. First record: 1868. On wet lawns and sat- phalt. Aqua Vista Park, Central Basin, Shevock urated soils. Swamps near San Francisco, Bolan- MADRONO 10 [Vol. 48 der s.n. (UC); Stonestown off of 19th Avenue, sell]; Glen Canyon, Shevock 18873 (CAS, PAC, Toren 8061 (CAS); Diamond Heights, 28th and UC) [det. by Pursell]; Bay View Park, Shevock Douglass Streets, Toren 8458 (CAS). 19018 (CAS, PAC, UC) [det. by Pursell]; Mt. i Entosthodon bolanderi Lesq. [Lesquereux (1868)] Sutro, Shevock 19173 & 19175 (CAS, PAC, UC) ! First record: 1868. On soil. Clayey soil banks of [det. by Pursell]; Stern Grove, Shevock 19156 the bay of San Francisco, Bolander s.n. (UC). (CAS, PAC, UC) [det. by Pursell]; Mt. Davidson, \ Although habitat for this species still remains in Toren 7761 (CAS); Lone Mountain, Shevock ; San Francisco, we did not encounter this ephem- 19332 (CAS, MO, PAC, UC) [det. by Pursell]; eral species during our study. Castro at 30th Street, Shevock 19349 (CAS, | Ephemerum serratum (Hedw.) Hampe [Lesquereux PAC, UC) [det. by Pursell]. i (1868)]. First record: 1868. On exposed soil. On Fissidens curvatus Horsch. [= Fissidens milo-bak- the grounds and fields of meadows. Mission Do- eri Koch]. First record: 2000. On clayey soils. lores, Bolander s.n. (DUKE, UC) [confirmed by Coastal Bluff Trail, Golden Gate National Rec- Toren]. Although habitat for this species still re- reation Area, Shevock 18809 (CAS, MO, PAC, mains in San Francisco, we did not encounter UC) [confirmed by Pursell]; along , this ephemeral species during our study. O'Shaughnessy Blvd. adjacent to west edge of Epiptery^giiim tozeri (Grev.) Lindb. [= Webera Glen Canyon, Shevock 18886 (CAS, PAC, UC) tozeri (Brandegee 1891); Bryum tozeri (Les- [confirmed by Pursell]; Buena Vista Park, Shev- quereux 1868)]. First record: 1868. On shaded ock 18915 (CAS, PAC, UC) [confirmed by Pur- clayey soils and rock underhangs. Borders of sell]; Douglass Playground, Toren 7758 (CAS); roads and ditches, San Francisco, Bolander s.n. Mt. Sutro, Toren 7772 (CAS); Bernal Heights (UC); Corona Heights, Shevock 18831 (CAS, Park, Toren 7793 (CAS); Verba Buena Island, MO, UC); Golden Gate Park, Shevock 18836 Shevock 19125 (CAS, PAC, UC) & Toren 8052 (CAS, MO, UC); between Marietta Drive and (CAS)[confirmed by Pursell]; Corona Heights, O'Shaughnessy Blvd., Toren 7811 (CAS); Shevock 18830 (CAS, PAC, UC) [det. by Pur- Douglass Playground, Toren 7757 (CAS); Ver- sell]; Twin Peaks, Shevock 18863 & 18872 ba Buena Island, Shevock 19124 (CAS, MO, (CAS, PAC, UC) [confirmed by Pursell]. UC); Bernal Heights Park, Shevock 19131 Fissidens cf. minutuliis Sullivant First record: 2000. (CAS, UC); Fort Mason, Golden Gate National Golden Gate Park, De Laveaga Dell, Aids Me- Recreation Area, Shevock 19094 (CAS, MO, morial Grove, Shevock 20284 (CAS, PAC, UC) UC); Arguello at Washington Blvd., Presidio of [det. by Pursell] San Francisco, Shevock 19228 (CAS, MO, UC); Fissidens siiblimbatus Grout First record: 2000. On Mt. Davidson, Shevock 19298 (CAS, UC); Mt. shaded clayey soils. Coastal BluffTrail, Presidio Sutro, Shevock 19178 (CAS, MO, UC); Alcatraz of San Francisco, Shevock 18945 (CAS, PAC, Island, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, UC); Bay View Park, Toren 7831 (CAS); Potrero Toren 8468 (CAS). Hill, Toren 7824 (CAS) [dets. by Pursell]; Verba Eurhynchiwn hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac. First rec- Buena Island, Shevock 20251 (CAS, PAC, UC) ord: 2000. On damp soil with leaf litter. Lone [det. by Pursell]. Mountain, Shevock 19337 (CAS, UC) [det. by Fontinalis neomexicana Sull. & Lesq. First record: Norris]. 1875. Attached to rocks in creek. Vasey s.n. (US) Fissidens bryoides Hedw. var. longifolius (Brid.) [cited by Welch I960]. This species is likely ex- Hampe [= F. bryoides var. viridulus (Swartz) tirpated from San Francisco due to lack of suit- Brotherus]. First record: 1962. On shaded clayey able habitat. soils. Golden Gate Park, De Laveaga Dell, Aids Fimaria hygrometrica Hedw. First record: 1949. Memorial Grove, Hermann 17449 (CAS) [det. On moist or dry soils, retaining walls and other by Pursell] disturbed areas. Common on disturbed soils Fissidens crispus Mont. [= Fissidens limbatiis Sull. throughout the City. Golden Gate Park: Califor- (Brandegee 1891 & Lesquereux 1868)]. First nia Academy Building, Shevock 18753 (CAS, record: 1868. On shaded clayey soils. Common UC), Quarry Lake, Raven 7 (CAS); Civic Center, around San Francisco, Bolander s.n. (UC) [det. J. T Howell s.n. (CAS); Fillmore at Vallejo confirmed by Pursell]; Golden Gate Park near Street, Raven s.n. (CAS); Webster at Fillmore Conservatory ofFlowers, Toren 7746 (CAS) and Street, Raven s.n. (CAS); east end of 22nd Av- Raven 13 (CAS) [confirmed by Pursell]; Presidio enue, J. T. Howell s.n. (CAS); above Lake Mer- of San Francisco: Coastal Bluff Trail, Shevock ced, Raven 4 (CAS); Baker Beach, Golden Gate 18943 (CAS, PAC, UC) and Arguello Blvd. at Recreation Area, Raven s.n. (CAS); Aqua Vista Washington Blvd., Shevock 19227 (CAS, PAC, Park, Shevock 18996 (CAS, UC); Bay View UC) [dets. by Pursell]; Golden Gate National Park, Shevock 19015 (CAS, UC); Corona Recreation Area: Coastal Bluff Trail near Sutro Heights, Shevock 18827 (CAS, UC); Verba Bue- Park, Shevock 18814 (CAS, PAC, UC) and Lin- na Island, Shevock 19123 (CAS, MO, UC); Em- coln Park near Palace of the Legion of Honor, barcadero across from Pier 29 & 31, Shevock Shevock 19263 (CAS, PAC, UC) [dets. by Pur- 19103 (CAS, UC); Aqua Vista Park, Shevock