BIOG PHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICAL TRAVEL A OTIORS The Americas and Canada Edward A. Martin With a Foreword by Peter Froggatt The Edwin Mellen Press Lewiston•Queenston•Lampeter Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Martin, Edward A. A biographical encyclopedia of medical travel authors : the Americas and Canada / Edward A. Martin ; with a foreword by Peter Froggatt. v. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7734-3681-7 (v. 1 : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7734-3683-1 (v. 2 : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7734-3685-5 (v. 3 : alk paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7734-3687-9 (v. 4 : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7734-3689-3 (v. 5 : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7734-3691-6 (v. 6 : alk. paper) 1. Physicians--Biography--Encyclopedias. 2. Pharmacists--Biography-- Encyclopedias. 3. Naturalists--Biography--Encyclopedias. 4. Travelers--Biography-- Encyclopedias. 5. Authors--Biography--Encyclopedias. 6. Medical expeditions-- America--History--Encyclopedias. 7. Medical expeditions--Canada--History-- Encyclopedias. 8. America--Description and travel--Encyclopedias. 9. Canada-- Description and travel—Encyclopedias. I. Title. R134.M325 2010 610.92'2--dc22 2010006077 hors serie. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Front cover: Bird illustration taken from a painting by Breon O'Casey of Penzance, Cornwall, reproduced with his permission. Photographed by Richard Kingston of Dublin Copyright © 2010 Edward A. Martin All rights reserved. For information contact (cid:9) The Edwin Mellen Press The Edwin Mellen Press (cid:9) Box 450 Box 67 (cid:9) Lewiston, New York Queenston, Ontario (cid:9) USA 14092-0450 CANADA LOS ILO The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd. Lampeter, Ceredigion, Wales UNITED KINGDOM SA48 8LT Printed in the United States of America To my wife Mary Elizabeth Bewley, 1929-2008 What have I done today worth recording? . . nothing but eat, sleep, drink, think, walk, talk, laugh, quaff, recite, indite, button, unbutton.' Jacob Rhett Motte, Charleston Goes to Harvard: The Diary of a Harvard Student of 1831, 17 May `Goodbye France, goodbye mother and sister, goodbye friends waving from afar whose faces we can no longer recognise; again goodbye my country; we are at sea. I am giving up these precious gifts without feeling anything but confused regrets. A superficial emotion stifles that deep sadness which first departure should cause. I think only of this long trip which is beginning; of the rich powerful life that I am going to contemplate.' Victor Tixier (1815-85), Voyage aux prairies Osage, Louisiana et Missouri, 1839-40 (1844) `The greatness of America has to come. Time will be when America, perhaps with Australian lands, will be arbiter of the civilised world — if it likes.' Thomas Gordon Hake (1809-95), Memoirs of Eighty Years (1892) CONTENTS List of Abbreviations Foreword by Sir Peter Froggatt (cid:9) Acknowledgements vii (cid:9) Preface ix The Biographies THE AMERICAS(cid:9) 3 CANADA(cid:9) 307 (cid:9) Bibliography and Further Reading 357 (cid:9) Index of Entries 369 ABBREVIATIONS AB or BA(cid:9) Bachelor of Arts Aberd.(cid:9) Aberdeen University AM(cid:9) Master of Arts ANB(cid:9) American National Biography B.Sc.(cid:9) Bachelor of Science Bart.(cid:9) Baronet BL(cid:9) British Library BO(cid:9) Bibliotheca Osleriana Cantab.(cid:9) Cambridge University CBE(cid:9) Commander, Order of British Empire CM(cid:9) Master of Surgery CODFL(cid:9) Concise Oxford Dictionary of French Literature DAB(cid:9) Dictionary of American Biography DCB(cid:9) Dictionary of Canadian Biography DNB(cid:9) Dictionary of National Biography D.Ph.(cid:9) Doctor of Philosophy DSO(cid:9) Distinguished Service Order Dubl.(cid:9) Dublin University EB(cid:9) Encyclopcedia Britannica Edin.(cid:9) Edinburgh University EI (cid:9) Encyclopaedia of Ireland FGS(cid:9) Fellow of the Geographical Society FLS(cid:9) Fellow of the Linnean Society FRCP(cid:9) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCS(cid:9) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England FRCSE(cid:9) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh FRCSI(cid:9) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ii FRS(cid:9) Fellow of the Royal Society FSA(cid:9) Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries Glasg.(cid:9) Glasgow University GP(cid:9) general practitioner HMS(cid:9) His or Her Majesty's Ship HRH(cid:9) His Royal Highness KCB(cid:9) Knight Commander of the Bath LCP(cid:9) License of the College of Physicians LCPS(cid:9) Licentiate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons LFRCP(cid:9) Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians LLB.(cid:9) Bachelor of Laws LI.D.(cid:9) Doctor of Laws LRCPI(cid:9) Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland LSA(cid:9) Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries MA(cid:9) Master of Arts MB(cid:9) Bachelor of Medicine MD(cid:9) Doctor of Medicine MP(cid:9) Member of Parliament MRCP(cid:9) Member of the Royal College of Physicians of London MRCPI(cid:9) Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland MRCS(cid:9) Member Royal College of Surgeons of England NRHSDG(cid:9) New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening OBE(cid:9) Order of the British Empire ODNB(cid:9) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxon.(cid:9) Oxford University Penn.(cid:9) Pennsylvania State University Ph.D.(cid:9) Doctor of Philosophy PLFRCS(cid:9) Plarr's Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons RAMC(cid:9) Royal Army Medical Corps RN(cid:9) Royal Navy St And.(cid:9) St Andrew's University Sc.D.(cid:9) Doctor of Science TCD(cid:9) Trinity College Dublin VC(cid:9) Victoria Cross WL(cid:9) Wellcome Library