A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION TO NATIONALISM A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION TO NATIONALISM BY KOPPEL S. PINSON WITH A KOREWORD BY CARLTON J. H. HAYES NEW YORK: MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS M CM•XXXV COPYRIGHT 1935 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED 1935 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA F O R E W O RD As a student of modern nationalism, I have been painfully aware both of the need and of the lack of a critical bibliographical guide to the subject. To prepare such a guide is, of course, a difficult and hazardous undertaking. No reflective person and certainly no student of contemporary politics, economics, or inter- national relations can fail to be impressed by the all-pervasive character and influence of nationalist phenomena or to entertain some curiosity as to what nationalism essentially is and how and why it has become an all-important factor in present-day thought and action. Yet, despite the obvious importance and pervasiveness of the subject, much of the literary treatment of it has been superficial in nature and propagandist in purpose, engendering more heat than light, and unfortunately serving to obscure the fact that some really scholarly studies have latterly been made and published on various aspects of nationalism. The more these scholarly studies have multiplied, however, the more desirable it has become to sort them out of the mass of ephemeral popular writing and to catalogue them. Five years ago, with the financial assistance of the Social Sci- ence Research Council and the able personal assistance of Dr. Shepard B. Clough, Instructor in History in Columbia College, I made a preliminary survey of European and American research then being carried on in the field. Now, Dr. Koppel S. Pinson, utilizing the materials collected in that survey and greatly extending and supplementing them from his own research as well as from his experience as Assistant Editor of the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, pre- sents the following annotated list of general treatises and special monographs as an introductory bibliographical guide to the serious study of nationalism. Dr. Pinson is not less aware than I of the provisional and tentative character of this bibliography. It is the first of its kind. It is frankly experimental. It has perfectly obvious limitations. For myself and for my own students, never- theless, I am profoundly grateful to Dr. Pinson for preparing an original and truly serviceable guide and to the Columbia University Press for publishing it, and I believe that others will be similarly grateful. New York CARLTON J. H. HAYES, April 15, 1935 PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY P R E F A CE The subject of nationalism is so broad in its scope, penetrates so deeply into all aspects of social, political, cultural and economic life, and is so amenable to purely propagandist purposes that the matter of selection in a bibliography of this kind is both delicate and difficult. Certain guiding principles for inclusion and exclusion have been adopted. Since this guide is intended primarily for the American student and reader it was considered advisable to include only works published in the English, French and German languages. Works published in other languages are included only if found in English, French or German trans- lation. A difficult problem in the selection of titles resulted from the very wide ramifi- cations of the subject of nationalism. It is impossible to study any specific aspect of nationalism without going into the broader political, economic and cultural backgrounds of the particular age, country or individual. To include general works of such a nature, however, would so extend the limits of this work as to make it a bibliography of universal history rather than of nationalism. There are, it is true, many large general works on history, literature, philosophy, etc., not included here, which the student will find indispensable for his own investi- gations. It was considered wiser, however, to limit this bibliography to works which, either in whole or in part, deal specifically with the problems of na- tionalism. Another group of works which has been omitted is comprised of books dealing with the purely juristic, administrative and formal political aspects of the nationality problem. There is a voluminous literature of such a character par- ticularly with reference to the minorities problem. The reader is referred to Jacob Robinson's bibliographical guide to the minorities problem (see No. 56) and to the periodical, Nation und Stoat, published in Vienna, for such references and accounts. A more difficult problem in selection was raised by the older literature on nationalism. The beginnings of the study of nationalism are most intimately bound up with the very growth of the national movements themselves. The earliest works on nationalism were, for the most part, by inspirers, theorists and political leaders of the national movements in the various countries of western Europe, who published their works as part of the national struggle. All such works are now more important as influences within the historical development of nationalism than as scientific and objective studies of the subject itself. They may, perhaps, be termed the source materials for the study of nationalism. Only a few of the earlier works, like those of John Stuart Mill, Ernest Renan, J. K. Bluntschli and Francis Lieber, still retain their value as more or less objective treatments. In place of the large number of older works, therefore, the section on each geographical region has been prefaced by a list of writers whose works are of leading importance in the development of the nationalism and national spirit in their respective countries. In the case of most of these writers, more- over, it is the collected literary activity of the individual which is to be studied PREFACE rather than any specific works. There is no single work of Herder, Schlegel, Chateaubriand or Barrés, for example, which may be pointed to as representing their specific contribution to the development of nationalism. The spirit of nationalism permeates all their work, whether it be on language, religion, pol- itics, race, etc. For this reason, therefore, only the names of these writers have been listed, not the titles of their works. Purely propagandist works, such as were produced during the World War, have also been excluded except where the material contained is valuable in itself or is not easily available elsewhere. In the case of periodical articles, only the most important have been included and, wherever possible, these have been related to books on the same subject. The author feels indebted to very many individuals for making this work pos- sible. He would hardly have felt competent to undertake such a task without the large store of material which he accumulated during his six years experience as Assistant Editor of the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. He feels thankful, therefore, to the countless contributors and consultants of the Encyclpaedia as well as to the stimulating intellectual influence of his fellow editors. The author cannot refrain, however, from making special mention of a few people to whom he is particularly indebted. Professor Carlton Hayes of Columbia University has been generous with his advice and assistance throughout the entire period of the preparation of this work and I am profoundly grateful to him. I must also express my deep appreciation to Professor Hans Kohn of Smith College for many valuable suggestions as to method and content, to Dr. Gaudence Megaro of the College of the City of New York for helping me to gain a clearer conception of the problems of Italian nationalism, to Dr. Elsie Glück of the Women's Trade Union League for helpful advice on the section on Jewish nationalism and to Mr. Donald Porter Geddes of the Columbia University Press to whom more than to any other is due the practical realization of this project. It is the intention of both the publishers and the author of this bibliographical guide to issue a revised and supplementary edition approximately every five years. The author, therefore, would gladly welcome communications from stu- dents and authors concerned with the problem of nationalism regarding their publications. New York KOPPEL S. PINSON April 1, 1935 CONTENTS THEORETICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES (1-123) 1 General Analytical Works (1-56) Psychological Studies (57-66) Nationalism and Race (67-73) Nationalism and Religion (74-78) Nationalism and Language (79-82) Nationalism and Politics (83-93) Nationalism and Economic Affairs (94-104) Nationalism, Socialism and Communism (105-10a) Nationalism, Education and Propaganda (111-15) National Minorities and National Autonomy (116-23) HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL STUDIES (124-431) 19 NATIONALISM IN THE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL WORLDS (124-29) . .. 19 MODERN NATIONALISM IN THE WEST (130-377) 20 General Historical Surveys (130—41) Nationalism in Germany and Austria (142-261a) The Nationality Problem in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (217-26) Nationalism in the Slavic World (227-54) Nationalism in France (255-98) Nationalism in Belgium and the Netherlands (299-306) Nationalism in the Scandinavian Countries (307-13) Nationalism in Switzerland (314-16) Nationalism in Italy (317-44) Nationalism in Spain, Portugal and Latin America (345-46) Nationalism in Great Britain and the Dominions (347-66) Nationalism in the United States (367-77a) NATIONALISM IN THE ORIENT (378-^409) 55 General Studies on the Orient (378-81) Nationalism in the Near East (382-92) Nationalism in the Far East (393-400) Nationalism in India (401-9) NATIONALISM AMONG THE JEWS (410-31) 59 INDEX OF NAMES 63