Editorial Rob Franek, Senior VP, Publisher Mary Beth Garrick, Director of Production Selena Coppock, Senior Editor Calvin Cato, Editor Kristen O’Toole, Editor Meave Shelton, Editor Alyssa Wolff, Editorial Assistant Random House Publishing Team Tom Russell, Publisher Alison Stoltzfus, Publishing Director Ellen L. Reed, Production Manager Dawn Ryan, Managing Editor Erika Pepe, Associate Production Manager Kristin Lindner, Production Supervisor Andrea Lau, Designer The Princeton Review, Inc. 111 Speen Street, Suite 550 Framingham, MA 01701 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2013 by TPR Education Holdings IP, LLC Cover art © Jonathan Pozniak All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House LLC, New York, a Penguin Random House Company, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto, Penguin Random House Companies. eBook ISBN: 978-0-80412442-3 Trade Paperback ISBN: 978-0-8041-2443-0 The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University. AP and Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Board, which does not sponsor or endorse this product. Editor: Meave Shelton Production Editor: Beth Hanson Production Coordinator: Blake Dennis v3.1 Acknowledgments The Princeton Review would like to give special thanks to the following individuals for their hard work on and contributions to this book: Mike Hernandez, Peter Hanink, Eliz Markowitz, Bryan Cunningham, Jennifer Amerkhanov, Kevin Kelly, David Stradley, Chris Stobart, and David Stoll. Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Acknowledgments Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations Your Guide to Using This Book How to Begin Diagnostic Test Diagnostic Test: Answers and Explanations Part II: About the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam The Structure of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam How the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam is Scored How AP Exams Are Used Other Resources Designing Your Study Plan Part III: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam 1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions Part IV: Drills 3 Constitutional Underpinnings 4 Constitutional Underpinnings: Answers and Explanations 5 Political Beliefs and Behaviors 6 Political Beliefs and Behaviors: Answers and Explanations 7 Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media 8 Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media: Answers and Explanations 9 Institutions of Government 10 Institutions of Government: Answers and Explanations 11 Public Policy 12 Public Policy: Answers and Explanations 13 Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 14 Civil Rights and Civil Liberties: Answers and Explanations Part V: Practice Exam 15 Practice Test 16 Practice Test: Answers and Explanations Part I Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations Your Guide to Using This Book How to Begin Diagnostic Test Diagnostic Test: Answers and Explanations PREVIEW: YOUR KNOWLEDGE, YOUR EXPECTATIONS Your route to a high score on the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam depends a lot on how you plan to use this book. Start thinking about your plan by responding to the following questions. 1. Rate your level of confidence about your knowledge of the content tested by the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. A. Very confident—I know it all. B. I’m pretty confident, but there are topics for which I could use help. C. Not confident—I need quite a bit of support. D. I’m not sure. 2. If you have a goal score in mind, identify your goal score for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. 3. What do you expect to learn from this book? Circle all that apply to you. A. A general overview of the test and what to expect B. Strategies for how to approach the test C. To identify the content topics for which I need the most practice D. I’m not sure yet. YOUR GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK This book is organized to provide as much—or as little—support as you need, so you can use this book in whatever way will be most helpful for improving your score on the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. The remainder of Part I will provide guidance on how to use this book. a diagnostic practice test, with answers and explanations, to help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. Part II of this book will provide information about the structure, scoring, and content of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. help you to make a study plan. point you toward additional resources. Part III of this book will explore various strategies: how to attack multiple choice questions how to write a high scoring free-response answer Part IV of this book contains drills organized according to the topics tested on the exam. Part V of this book contains a second practice test, with answers and explanations. You may choose to use some parts of this book over others, or you may work through the entire book. This will depend on your needs and how much time you have. Let’s now look how to make this determination. HOW TO BEGIN 1. Take a Test Before you can decide how to use this book, you need to take a practice test. Doing so will give you insight into your strengths and weaknesses, and the test will also help you make an effective study plan. If you’re feeling test-phobic, remind yourself that a practice test is a tool for diagnosing yourself—it’s not how well you do that matters but how you use information gleaned from your performance to guide your preparation. So before you read further, take the full-length Diagnostic Test starting at this page of this book. Be sure to do so in one sitting, following the instructions that appear before the test. 2. Check Your Answers Using the answer key on this page, count how many multiple-choice questions you got right and how many you missed. Don’t worry about the explanations for now, and don’t worry about why you missed questions. We’ll get to that soon. 3. Reflect on the Test After you take your first test, respond to the following questions: How much time did you spend on the multiple-choice questions? How much time did you spend on each free-response question? How many multiple-choice questions did you miss? Do you feel you had the knowledge to address the subject matter of the essays? Do you feel you wrote well-organized, thoughtful essays? Circle the content areas that were most challenging for you and draw a line through the ones in which you felt confident/did well. Constitutional Underpinnings: Principles of democratic government, framers, federalism, checks