МІНІСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТІ ТА ЗВ’ЯЗКУ УКРАЇНИ Державна адміністрація зв’язку Одеська національна академія зв’язку ім. О.С.Попова Кафедра іноземних мов О.А. Радіус 360 Exercises for Mastering English Grammar Навчальний посібник з граматики англійської мови для студентів 1-4 курсів денного та заочного навчання 1 Одеса 2011 УДК 811.111 Радіус О.А. 360 Exercises for MasteringEnglish Grammar: Навчальний посібник/Радіус О.А. – Одеса: ОНАЗ, 2011. – 215 с. Відповідальний редактор – доц. Чугунова Н.В. Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів денного та заочного навчання 1-4-х курсів факультетоі ОНАЗ ім. О.С.Попова Теорія з англійської граматики, набір граматичних вправ сприятимуть оволодінню та підвищенню рівня знань англійської граматики у студентів починаючих вивчати англійську граматику, так і у тих, хто продовжує працювати над оновленням та закріпленням знань з граматики англійської мови Затверждено Методичною радою академії зв’язку Протокол №1 від 18.01.2011 2 Personal and Possessive Pronouns Nominative Objective Conjoint Absolute case case form form I me my mine He him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours you you your yours they them their theirs Articles A/an The Indefinite Article Неозначений Артикль Неозначений артикль використовується лише з рахівними іменниками в однині Зaпам’ятайте данні іменники, які в англійській мові не використовуються в множині та з артиклем a/an Advice News Trouble Furninure Information Weather Money Progress Work Luggage Success Traffic Baggage 1. В функції предикатива (частина складного присудка) : e.g. He is a student. 2. Якщо перед іменником описувальне означення: e.g. She wants a dress. She wants a new dress. 3. Якщо предмет викоритсовується вперше: e.g.They live in a new house with a garden and a swimming pool. 4. Якщо предмет розглядається як один з класа подібних, будь-який, один: e.g. Give me a pen. A doctor should help people. 5. В граматичних сталих виразах: (This) It is a … There is a … He has a … 6. В виразах з дієсловами для означення короткочасної дії: to have a talk to give a smile to have a swim to give a look to give a cry to to take a nap to have a smoke to have a bite 7. В окличних реченнях: e.g. What a nice dress! 8. Для означення “одна порція”: e.g. I’d like a beer, please. 9. Для визначення конкретного часу або промежутка часу: e.g. He will be back in a minute. 3 e.g. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. e.g. She is a doctor. 11. Після such, rather, quite: e.g. He is such a nice fellow. 12. З назвою професій: e.g. She is a doctor. 10. В сталих виразах: a lot of for a short time a number of in a loud? a few to be at aloss a little to have a good time as a result to have a cold at a speed of to have a headache it’s a pity to go for a walk to be in a hurry to take a seat it’s a shame at aglance it’s a pleasure to tell a lie The Definite Article Означений артикль 1.Якщо мова йде про конкретний предмет: e.g. I cleaned the car yesterday (my car). 2. Якщо про предмет говорять не в перший раз: e.g. For lunch I had a sandwich. The sandwich wasn’t very good. 3. Якщо іменник або субстантивізований прикметник означає катeгорію людей або предметів: e.g. the rich, the poor, the blind, the dead, the British, the middle class. 4. Якщо перед іменником є прикметник у вищій формі: e.g. It’s the funniest book. 5. З єдиними в своєму роді іменниками: e.g. the earth, the Sun, the sky, the world, the center of the city, the President of the country. 6. З імениками: the police, the fire department, the army, the post office, the doctor, the dentist, the hospital, the sea, the movie, the theatre, the radio, the cinema. 7. З назвою музикальних інструметів: e.g. Can you play the guitar? 8. З назвою країн до яких входять слова kingdom, states, union, federation, republic, emirates: e.g. The Russian Federaion, the United Kingdom. 9. З географічними назвами: групи островів, гірськи цепи, річки, моря, океани, канали, озера (якщо нема слова “lake”) e.g. The Alps, the Irish Sea 10.З назвою англійських газет, журналів: e.g. The Times 11. З назвою частин світу: 4 e.g. The North 12.З назвою готеілiв, ресторанів, театрів, кінотеатрів, музеїв, галерей, кораблів, монументів: e.g. The Hilton Hotel, The National Galery, The Washington Monument. 13.Перед прізвищем в множині: e.g. The Browns. 14. В сталих виразах: in the morning/afternoon/evening the other day in the country What’s the time on the left/right to tell the truth on the one/other hand to run the risk the day before yesterday in the original the day after tomorrow to keep the house The Zero Article Нульовий Артикль 1. З рахівними іменниками в множині в функції предикатива: e.g. We are students. 2. З загальними іменами: e.g. Ann Smith is an English teacher. 3. З нерахівними іменниками: абстрактними, види діяльності, речовини: e.g. Water freezes at 100 degrees. e.g. Money can’t buy love. e.g. I like music. 4. В окличних реченнях з нерахівними іменниками: e.g. What terrible weather! 5. З іменниками в загальному сенсі: e.g. Winners make things happen. 6. З назвою учбових дисциплін: e.g. I like English, but I don’t like Mathematics. But: The English language. 7. З назвою видів спорту з дієсловом to play: e.g. Tom is good at playing football. 8. З назвою хвороб: e.g. He suffered terribly from flu. 9. З іменниками у звертаннях: e.g. My headache is awful?, doctor. 10. З назвою країн та континентів: e.g. America, Great Brittain. But: the Netherlands, the Philippines. 11. З географічними назвами: міста, окремий острів, окрема гора,: e.g. London. But the Hague. e.g. Ireland. e.g. Ben Nevis. 12. З назвою вулиць, бульварів, скверів, авеню, площ: 5 e.g. Fifth Avenue, Trafalgar Square. 13. З назвою аеропортів, університетів, парків, паласів, якщо до них входять загальні імена: e.g. Kennedy Airport, Hyde Park. 14. В сталих виразах: boat/tram/bus/car/ in bed from day to day by train/plane/air/water/ on foot from morning till night sea/land/post/airmail/ at/to school/work from beginning to end mistake/chance/heart to go/come home from head to foot at home at present to have breakfast/ lunch/ all day long at first sight dinner/supper all year round at war/peace at sunrise/sunset in front of at breakfast/ lunch/ on deck in time dinner/super out of doors in fact on/for sale in conclusion The Use of Articles With the Nouns School/College, Hospital, Bed, etc. School /college/ Hospital Bed Home Work university Без артикля, - to be at - to go to - to go to - to go - to go to коли school, hospital bed home work іменник to go to (лягти до (спати) (йти до (йти на означає не school лікарні) - to be/to дому) роботу) конкретний (вчитися в - to be in stay in bed - to come - to be at предмет, а школі) hospital (спатиб home work його - to leave (лікува-тися лежати у (приходити (працювати призначення school в лікарні ) ліжку) до дому) (закінчуати - to be at школу) home (бути вдома) Звичайні - to go to When our There is a At last he They like th правила school friend was ill bed, two had a new work they використанн (прийти до we went to armchairs home are doing я артикля, будівлі the hospital and a table now. коли конкретної to visit him. in the room іменник школи) (ходили до A work of означає конкретної art конкретний лікарні як предмет відвідувачі) 6 The Use of Articles With the Names of Months, Days, Seasons, Meals, Languages, Some Nouns (day, night, evening, morning, etc.) Місяці, Мови: Часи дню: дні Сезони Їжа : English, day, night, Іменники тижні: summer, lunch, French, morning, May, winter dinner German evening Monday Звичайно I saw him I like I had Do you It was без in May/on summer. lunch at speak morning. артикля Monday. school. French? 'The' - We'll We met The The I’ll never якщо є always in the lunch we French of forget the day індивідуа remember winter of had yester Canada we met. лізуюче the May of 1995. day was differs from пояснення 1945. very the French good. of France. 'а' – якщо A cold lt was a We had lt was a є опису- May is a beautiful a good hard day. вальне usual thing spring. dinner означення here. yesterday. Сталі -early/late -to have - the English - early/late вирази spring breakfast (French) morning (autumn) (lunch) language (afternoon); - What is the - at night; English -from morn- for...? ing till night; - by day; -in the morning (evening) The Use of Articles with Names of Persons Іменники Без артикля Артикль the I met Ann yesterday. - перед фамілією сім’ї у множині: 1. Загальні Old John often visits us. The Browns have left London. імена - перед ім’ям (фамілією), яке має описання: Is he the Sheldon who is a writer? - при використанні члена- - якщо не використається членами ‘ 2.Родичі, ми тієї ж сім’ї сім’ї: члени сім’ї (пишуться з великої літери) The daughter was as beautiful as I'll ask Father about it. the mother. - при використанні з зага- - використання артикліву виразах: льною назвою: the son/daughter of a ... Uncle George Lomonosov was the son of a fisherman. 7 3.Професія, Professor звання, титул, Doctor Mr\Mrs + General Smith загальна Count назва Mr Exercises 1. Put in the or a/an where necessary. If no word is necessary, leave the space empty (-). 1 A: Where did you have ... lunch? B: We went to ... restaurant. 2 A: Did you have........................................ nice holiday? B: Yes, it wasbest holiday I've ever had. 3 A: Where's............................................... nearest shop? B: There's one at end of this street. 4 A: Do you often listen to.......................................... radio? B: No. In fact I haven't got..........................… radio. 5 A: Do you want to travel in..................................space? B: Yes, I'd love to go to ... moon. 2. Supply the article where necessary: 1. Не hasn't got ... car. But he's got ... computer. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restaurant 3. Supply the article where necessary: 1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... vegetarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you! 12. My ... cousin is upset. He's got ... sore throat. 13. This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 8 4. Supply the article where necessary: 1.This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives – cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? – No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. There is ... hotel over there. ... hotel isn't cheap. 10. Where is ... cat? – ... cat is on ... sofa. 11. Where is ... book? – ... book is on ... shelf. 12. Where are ... flowers? – ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 13. Where is ... vase? – ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 14. Open ... window, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 15. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 16. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ...wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ...good book. 5. Supply the article where necessary: My aunt's flat is in ... new house. There is ... living room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing table with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cozy. 6. Supply the article where necessary: 1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ... shelves? — There is ... butter in ... butter dish. There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ... lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ... juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 9. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys? — Oh, all ... boys are playing football at... stadium. 10. There is ... peculiar charm in her ... voice. 7. Supplt a\an or the: 1 This morning I bought ..... newspaper and .................... magazine newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where I put....... magazine. 9 2 I saw.........accident this morning....car crashed into... tree ........ driver of car wasn't hurt but .....................................car was badly damaged. 3 There are two cars parked outside:....................... blue one and.. grey one, ……….. blue one belongs to my neighbours; I don't know who ........... owner of … grey one is. 4 My friends live in old house in....small village. There is …………. beautiful garden behind.....house. I would like to have................ garden like that. 8. Complete this text with a, an, the or – where necessary: At school we have ………computer in every classroom. We use ………. computer to do ……… projects and study………. music and ……….. languages. The teachers use PCs to prints ……. articles, …………… songs or ……activities for use in class. This year, they are preparing …………. exchange with a college in ……. Norfolk. We all use it to get…………. information from…………. Internet. At home I use my computer to send and receive ……………. e-mail and to play …………… computer games. I have ………….. ink-jet printer. 9. Fill in the gaps with a/an where necessary: ____ Walshes have ____ computer at ____ home. Their son uses _____ computer to help with ____ homework and play ____ computer games. Their student daughter uses _____ computer for ____ projects and for ____ e-mail. All _____ family use it to get ____ information from ____ Internet. 10. Insert the necessary article: 1. What ... good children! 2. What ... strange answer! 3.What ... beautiful eyes she has! 4. What ... long hair he has! 5. What ... interesting information! 6. What ... wonderful news! 7. What ... dull article! 7. What ... lovely blouse! 8. What ... ancient bookcase! 9. What ... witty man! 10. What ... slender girls! 11. Fill in the balnks with a/an, the, - : 1. The students are making ... good progress. 2. He bought ... expensive car. 3. They are short of ... money and cannot buy ... dog for their child. 4. I don't think I'll go to ... work tomorrow. 5. He has ... heart attack. 6. He likes ... modern furniture and his wife prefers ... ancient furniture. 7. Let me give you ... piece of ... advice. 8. We had ... fine weather in England. 9. The desire for ... money is a cause of much unhappiness. 10. He is full of ... interesting bits of ... information. 11. He has ... rich collection of ... unusual exotic butterflies. 12. She always gives ... advice on how to survive. 13. This is ... welcome news. 14. This film is making ... lot of money in America. 15. "Who wants ... cake?" "I'd like ... piece of ... cake, please." 16. I usually have ... breakfast at 8. 17. I found ... kitten in the street and brought it home. 18. "Would you like ... cup of ... tea?" "Oh, yes and can I have ... ice cream?" 20. In ... space there is ... galaxy. 21. In the living room there are ... armchairs and ... sofa. 22. He met ... nice girl at the disco. 23. She was ... wonderful dancer. 24. She had ... blond hair. 25. He was ... lawyer by ... profession. 10