2017 Growers’ Guide for Producing Quality Sugarbeets Michigan Sugar Company Corporate Agricultural Office 2600 S. Euclid Avenue • Bay City, MI 48706 www.michigansugar.com Michigan Sugar Company Mission Statement As a grower-owned sugar cooperative, our mission is to maximize shareholder value by efficiently producing quality products, from seed to shelf, while enhancing our employees’ future. ► NIRS Testing, Caro ◄ Clamp Covering, 2014 ► Drone Training, Bay City Poison Control Centers U.S. (anywhere) 1-800-222-1222 Poison centers provide poison expertise and treatment advice by phone. Poison centers are staffed by pharmacists, physicians, nurses and poison information providers who are toxicology specialists. Have pesticide label available when calling. S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S JANUARY 2017 FEBRUARY 2017 MARCH 2017 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S APRIL 2017 MAY 2017 JUNE 2017 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S JULY 2017 AUGUST 2017 SEPTEMBER 2017 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S OCTOBER 2017 NOVEMBER 2017 DECEMBER 2017 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 INDEX Sugarbeet Varieties Approved (OVT) ……………………………………………………...…...2 Efficient Farming, Seedbed Preparation, Wind Erosion Control, Cultivation……..……………3 Fertility Recommendations .....................………..……….…………..………..…………..…. 4-5 Phosphate & Potassium & Micro-Nutrients Recommendations ..…..…………..……………..5-7 Seed Treatments ……………………………………………………………………………… 8 Seed Size & Terminology …………....…...………………….…………………………..….9-10 Seed and Seed Plates & Proper Seed Spacing ………...………..…..………….…………….11 Seed Plate Specification……………………..…………………………………………...……..12 Seed Per Acre & Planter Speed, Plant Populations …………………………………………….13 Planters, Space Planting & Speed, Drill Maintenance Checklist ….……….…………………..14 Pesticide Application & Safety, Cleaning, Check-Off List for Pesticide Application …..….…15 Mixing Instructions & Applicator Calibration …………………………………………………16 Nozzles–Screens & Sprayer Calibration Chart….…………………………………………….. 17 Pesticide Rotation Restriction …………………………………………………….…………18-19 Herbicide Carryover/ Pesticides Off-Target...Off Label…..……………………………………20 Weed Control & Resistant Weed Mgt. Guidelines ...…...………………….……………….21-22 Herbicide Use, Herbicide Rainfastness, PHI., etc. ……………………………………………..22 Weed Response to Herbicides ...….…………………………………………...……………23-24 Sugarbeet Control in Corn/Soybeans &Tank Mixing Pesticides/Nutrients with Roundup…….25 Common & Scientific Names of Weeds …….………...…………………..…….….………….26 Pre-Plant Herbicide Incorporation & Banding Preemergence Herbicides …………………….27 Postemergence Herbicide Application / Split Application of Postemergence Herbicides …….28 Preplant Incorporated, Preemergence & Early Postemergence and Postemergence Herbicides - Rates & Comments …….……………………….…………………...…..29-37 Integrated Pest Management ……………………..........................................................38 Sugarbeet Insect Management Calendar ……………………………………………………….39 Insects - Checking Fields/ Insecticides Recommended for Sugarbeets ……..……………...40-46 Sugarbeet Disease Control ………………………………………………………………….47-58 Fungicide Rating Scale ………………………………………………………………………...59 Rate Conversions - Quadris ……………………………………………………………………60 Fungicides Available for Cercospora Leafspot Control ……………………………………….61 BEETcast …………………………………………………………………………………… … 62 Harvesting and Storage ………………………………………………………………………...63 Table 1: Ontario - Preemergence and Postemergence Weed Control …..……….………….…64 Table 2-5: Ontario - Postemergence Weed Control ………...…………….…..……………65-68 Table 6-7: Ontario - Disease & Insects Recommendations..……………….……………69-70 Conversion Factors..……………...……………………………………….…….…………..71-73 Agricultural Personnel. . . .………….……………………...………………….……………...74-75 This booklet is prepared for growers growing sugarbeets for Michigan Sugar Company from information obtained from sources which the Company believes to be reliable; however, the Company cannot guarantee or assume any responsibility for the accuracy of the information, or be responsible for the results obtained. Further, these recommendations and suggestions are only a part of what is necessary to grow a successful crop. Proper equipment in well maintained condition, good farming practices are equally important, along with safety. (March 2016 David Pratt) 1 2 EFFICIENT FARMING Flourishing farm managers know what's happening in their operation. They have a command of such basic facts as goals and plans (long and short-term), enterprise knowledge, who's who in the industry, the roles and relationships between various supplies and customers, and they define their own job and what's expected of them. If they don't know this information, they know where to get it when they need it. The job of a producer is very much concerned with making decisions. Sometimes these can be made using logical, optimizing techniques. Other decisions call for the ability to weigh pros and cons in what is basically a very hesitant or vague situation, calling for a high level of judgment or even intuition. Our agricultural staff can provide valuable information to help each of you in making decisions concerning your farming program, especially those relating to quality sugarbeet production. The internet is also a way for sugarbeet producers to gather information. For more information, contact your agriculturist or visit the Michigan Sugar Company website: www.michigansugar.com for more information. SOILS AND SEEDBED PREPARATION Select soils having good tile and surface drainage. It is important to plant into a seed-bed that allows for good seed to soil contact. Sugarbeets should not be planted into actively growing weeds. Weeds are a good source for overwintering pathogens. Weeds should be controlled with herbicides or tillage prior to sugarbeet planting. Note: beware to weed resistance. We have glyphosate resistant Horseweed, Palmer Amaranth, and Waterhemp in our sugarbeet area. WIND EROSION CONTROL Wind erosion in cropping systems usually results from tillage practices that have buried most or all of the residues from the previous crop. Reducing or eliminating tillage will maintain a residue cover for erosion control with the added benefit of soil moisture conservation. By following one or more of the following practices will lower problems with wind erosion.  Reduced or zero tillage systems must include crop residue management; Increasing surface roughness, thereby reducing wind speed at the soil surface so the wind is less able to move soil particles; Plant in fall seeded oats or wheat; Form ridges with appropriate tillage equipment on the soil surface at right angles to the prevailing erosive winds; Use a cultivator tooth between rows at planting; Spread manure on sand knolls; Plant sand knolls to oats or wheat; During or after planning sugarbeets, drill wheat, oats, or rye at intervals across the field. To control wheat seeded the previous fall, apply a broad-spectrum herbicide at a broadcast rate of 32 fl. oz. (i.e. Roundup WeatherMAX) at sugarbeet planting for excellent control. Always tank mix, this will help slow down resistance. Glyphosate is used to control ground cover vegetation, volunteer grain, and other weeds prior to beet emergence. Apply 3 to 4 days after planting, before sugarbeets emerge, to control wheat cover crops. Microrates with Betamix will control oats also. CULTIVATION According to Sugarbeet Advancement research, cultivation should be implemented for various reasons such as weed control, wind erosion protection, pathogen management, and soil crusting. In absence of these types of conditions, any yield enhancement would not be expected. this practice promotes Rhizoctonia crown rot. 3 FERTILITY Soil Test: Soil sampling may be the most important part of soil testing. Grid sampling or separating the field by differences in soil texture, organic matter, slope, or past management (i.e., cropping or tillage system) tends to provide the most accurate recommendations. Within each sampling zone, collect about 20 cores to a depth of 8 inches and mix thoroughly. Soil pH: The pH of soil is very important. It tells if the soil is acid, neutral or alkaline. Soils below pH 6.5 (acid) should have lime applied for optimum sugarbeet production. Soils above pH 7.2 (alkaline) may require manganese in starter fertilizer or sprayed on foliage to correct a deficiency. Liming: Limestone is a naturally occurring nutrient vital for healthy soil in Michigan. Whether you own a large farm or a small farm, lime can play a big part in higher crop yields, decrease disease pressure and improve soil health and tilth. Liming can:  Raises pH - reducing acidity; increases efficiency of fertilizers; helps aerate soil by boosting microorganisms and decreasing seedling diseases; stabilizes soil aggregates to slow erosion; encourages activity of soil bacteria; and releasing valuable nutrients. Nitrogen (N) and Placement: The correct amount of nitrogen to apply to a particular field is not easy to determine. Nitrogen availability to the sugarbeet crop is affected by weather conditions, soil type, crop rotation and producer management practices. The premium being paid for above average sugar content, do to the value of the ton of sugarbeets is getting higher, this is makes it even more important to apply the proper amount of nitrogen to provide good yields without decreasing sugar content. Excess nitrogen has an adverse effect on quality, both sugar content and clear juice purity, and does not increase tons per acre. Knowledge of past practices, on a particular farm, help in determining the optimum rate of nitrogen to apply. All or a portion of the nitrogen can be applied shortly before or at planting time; the remaining nitrogen should be applied early after sugarbeet emergence. Sugarbeets require the most nitrogen during the first 60 days of growth. It is advantageous to get good leaf cover/canopy (to maximize light interception) as early as possible in the growing season. This will enhance maximum sugar production. Sugarbeets should start to lose their dark green color toward the end of August or early September if the proper amount of nitrogen was applied. Dark green sugarbeets in September can be an indicator of excessive available nitrogen and will reduce sugarbeet quality, sugar content and clear juice purity. Michigan Sugar Company and Michigan State University researchers recommend applying 40 to 50 pounds of N in a 2x2 (2 inches below the seed level and 2 inches away from the row) for 30 inch and 22 inch rows respectively at planting. This is most significant when planting into high residue crops such as corn and wheat stubble. Sugarbeets require N early to attain canopy closure with smaller amounts of N required later for canopy maintenance Excess N late in the season will not increase yield but will reduce quality and sugar per ton. The total amount of N required depends on the amount of residue from the previous crop. NITROGEN RECOMMENDATIONS Crop Early Delivery Campaign Season Nitrogen (total lbs, N/A) Nitrogen (total lbs, N/A) 2X2 placement, Only 40 lbs. of N in a 2x2, Rest of N is Sidedress Corn/Wheat 40-80 140 - 1601 Soybeans/Dry Beans 40-80 100 - 120 1 Use Higher N Rate Following High Residue Crops 4 FERTILITY (Continued) Sugarbeets following high residue crops (corn and wheat) typically require 130-160 pounds of N while low residue crops (soybeans and dry beans) typically require 90-130 pounds of N. Three factors that may reduce N application rates include: 1) high soil organic matter (> 3%); 2) manure application; and 3) clover or alfalfa cover crop. A legume cover crop (e.g. clover) after wheat may supply anywhere from 40-80 pounds N per acre depending on the stand density, growth, and timing of the plow-down. Sugarbeet Advancement research indicated that 10,000 gallons of dairy manure applied in the fall may supply most of the sugarbeet N needs in addition to 40 pounds of N applied as a 2x2 at planting. Starter Fertilizer: When banding starter fertilizer, place it 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the seed. Closer placement to the seed may cause seedling injury (especially high rates) and poor seed to soil contact. Under certain environmental conditions, sugarbeet stand has been reduced with in-row starter fertilizer, especially pop-up fertilizers. Broadcast Fertilizer: This method of fertilizer application speeds up the planting operation, however high rates of fertilizer can cause beet injury. More phosphorus and nitrogen may be needed when applied as a broadcast compared to banded, since broadcast fertilizer is spread over the entire field. Common 2 X 2 Starter Phosphorus Fertilizer Sources Source Name Dry or Maximum amount Phosphate Liquid to apply supplied lb/acre 10-34-0 Ammonium Poly Liquid 4 gal/acre 16 Phosphate (APP) 18-46-0 Diammonium Dry 28 lbs/acre 13 Phosphate (DAP) 11-52-0 Monoammonium Dry 45 lbs/acre 24 Phosphate (MAP) Manure: Manure applications have shown benefits in increased tonnage, along with improving soil health. However, put some considerations into applying manure, especially applying manure on flat and highly erodible lands that could lead to non-point source runoff in surface water. Phosphorus (P): is generally immobile in the soil and is required for plant growth. Availability is reduced during the cool and moist early spring soil conditions often encountered during sugarbeet planting. Sugarbeets generally do not respond to fertilizer P on high P testing soils (>30 ppm) but growers may still wish to consider a 2x2 starter application of P at planting. Phosphorus application has been documented to increase root yields in soils that are low in P (< 25 ppm) while not affecting sugarbeet quality. Soil testing above 50 ppm soil test P do not generally require P applications. Potassium (K): K is essential to sugarbeet production and is more mobile in the soil than P but less mobile than N. Much of Michigan’s sugarbeet acres are grown in soils natively high in K. Potassium recommendations depend upon a soil’s cation exchange capacity (CEC) so growers need to closely examine changes in soil texture as this may have the greatest impact upon K recommendations. 5 FERTILITY (Continued) Michigan’s P and K recommendations follow the build-up, maintenance, and drawdown philosophy which allow for a build-up of P and K when soil test levels are below critical. Sugarbeets growing on soils that test below critical in P or K have a greater opportunity to respond to applied fertilizer and often result in an economic benefit to the grower. More information on Sugarbeet Soil Fertility can be found under the REACh Bulletins (https://www.michigansugar.com/). Phosphate and Potassium Recommendations for Sugarbeets P Soil Test Levels (ppm) K Soil Test Levels (ppm) VH H M L VL H M L VL Bray - 1 70+ 69-50 49-35 34-25 0-24 175+ 174-130 129-113 0-112 P2O5 (lbs./Ac) K2O (lbs./Ac) VH H M L VL H M L VL Bray - 1 140+ 139-120 119-70 69-50 0-49 350+ 349-235 234-225 0-224 Amount of Phosphate Soil Test (PO) to Apply (lbs.) 2 5 Available Yield Goal - Tons 28 30 20 120 130 140 150 160 120 125 40 100 110 120 130 140 70 75 60 70 80 90 100 110 45 50 80 50 60 70 80 90 45 50 100 20 30 40 50 60 30 30 120 0 0 20 30 40 30 30 140+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6