2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report ARRL 225 Main St. Newington, CT 06111 www.arrl.org 2017 Hurricane tracks. [Wikipedia, data from National Hurricane Center] Table of Contents Section 1: Overview of the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season and the Amateur Radio Response Section 2: Reports from ARRL Sections Section 2.1: Hurricane Maria After-Action Report — Puerto Rico Section Section 2.2: St. Croix ARC Response to Hurricanes Irma and Maria Section 2.3: After-Action Report — South Texas Section Section 2.4: South Florida Section Hurricane Irma After-Action Report Section 2.5: West Central Florida Section After-Action Report — Hurricane Irma Section 2.6: After-Action Report for Georgia ARES Operations at the State SOC for Radio Communications during Hurricane Irma Section 2.7: After-Action Report Hurricane Irma, September 2017 — ARRL North Florida Section Section 3: Force of 22 Section 3.1: Overview of the ARRL/American Red Cross Collaborative Deployment to Puerto Rico Section 3.2: Results of the Survey of the 22 American Red Cross/ARRL Volunteers Section 4: Reports from ARRL Headquarters Section 4.1: Memo from ARRL Chief Financial Officer Section 4.2: ARRL Emergency Preparedness Manager After-Action Report — Deployment to Puerto Rico Section 4.3: Sequence of Events and After-Action Report for ARRL’s Ham Aid Program During Hurricanes Irma and Maria Section 4.4: ARRL Media & Public Relations Hurricane Maria After-Action Report Section 4.5: ARRL Public Relations and Social Media 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report Section 4.6: ARRL Regulatory Information After-Action Report — Fall 2017 Hurricane Deployments Section 4.7: Report on 2017 Hurricane Activities at W1AW Section 5: Recommended Actions and Improvements Appendices ICS-205 Incident Radio Communications Plan — Hurricane Maria Letter of thanks from American Red Cross Senior Vice President, Disaster Cycle Ser- vices Harvey Johnson to ARRL FCC ET Docket No. 17-344: Comments of ARRL on FCC Public Notice DA 17-1180 ARRL Irma/Maria Response Roster Section 1 Overview of the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season and the Amteur Radio Response The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, which was predicted to be a near average season, turned out to be a hyperactive season with 17 named storms and 6 major hurricanes. There are many significant aspects to this hurricane season that will set it apart for years to come:  It was the fifth most active hurricane season on record, tied with the 1936 hurricane season  In terms of Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE), a measurement of the activity of individual storms based on wind energy over the storm’s lifetime, the 2017 season had the highest seasonal ACE on record  This season had the highest number of major hurricanes (6) since the 2005 hurricane season (7), the season that produced hurricane Katrina  This season is the costliest on record, with preliminary damage estimates at $292.3 billion; most of the damages were due to hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria  The season was more active than expected due to El Niño conditions failing to develop and a La Niña developing, making 2 consecutive years of La Niña conditions The response role for the Amateur Radio Service varied over the three largest storms of the season, from minimal support, to providing communications after total devastation of infrastructure. This report will cover what happened, what worked well, challenges faced, and recommended improvements from several per- spectives, including the ARRL Field Organization, the volunteer “Force of 22” in Puerto Rico, and ARRL Headquarters. 2017 Hurricane tracks. [Wikipedia, data from National Hurricane Center] 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report 1 Section 2 Reports from ARRL Sections Section 2.1: Hurricane Maria After-Action Report — Puerto Rico Section Radio amateurs were very active during the emergency of hurricane Maria from September 20 until the end of November as communications were reestablished. Category 5 hurricane forces devastated the is- land, affecting the normal life of a population of 3.4 million US citizens. From the catastrophic impact, we experienced a power outage of a 100%, including a communication loss of 98%. We have documents, situation reports, and press publications that evidence the active participation of the Amateur Radio operators. These reports contain messages of requisitions from hospitals, Mayors, Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica (AEE), and Emergency Management, among others. These were channeled through the Disas- ter Relief Operation (DRO) of the American Red Cross (ARC) in Puerto Rico and directly through FEMA Joint Force Operations (JFO). Among the messages transmitted/relayed for emergency requisition were requests for medicines, diesel, power generators for hospital, the AEE Technical Plazas, and even water, not forgetting the emergency of the possible collapse of Guajataca dam that can flood valleys, putting thousands of citizens in danger. Also, we communicated the coordination of the transfer of Intensive Care Unit patients between hospitals, and the reunification between Puerto Rico citizens and their fam- ilies in the continental United States, for which radio amateurs covered the communications gaps in the disaster region of Puerto Rico. During the relief operation, the Power Authority (AEE) lost all communication. We developed a compro- mise with AEE to provide emergency communication from Monacillo Control and the Technical Plazas. Amateur Radio operators provided tactical and technical communication for the reestablishment of the electrical infrastructure on 23 Technical Plazas located at the electrical grid nodes across the Puerto Rico territory. Map of volunteer Amateur Radio operator coverage at Power Authority (AEE) Technical Plazas (yellow triangle with magenta). 2 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report By September 23, after the hurricane, we had “eyes and ears” on the whole island on VHF frequencies, which enabled us to create an incident map following the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) Puerto Rico Section and the American Red Cross local chapter signed in April 2017. This incident map contained the assessment of the road conditions and the descriptions of high-level damage over Puerto Rico, made by the communications of the AEE Technical Plaza Operators and the drivers of Power Authority service trucks. We copied reports for needs of water, diesel, power poles, wires, transformers, gasoline, and food for the op- erators. This situation appraisal allowed for decision analysis to deploy our amateur communications resourc- es. We knew how to get from one town to another as we received reports of road and traffic obstructions. The incident map was also presented to FEMA. Immediately, their Emergency Support Function (ESF-2) requested that the local ARRL Section Manager (SM) report and participate in their daily meetings and help reestablish the communications across the island, as we were the only communication available in the im- pacted region. In addition, they requested that we cover the communications needs for the 11 main hospitals across the island. The active participants were 131 local radio amateurs that operated at the AEE Technical Plazas. Shortly after Maria, more than 22specialized Amateur Radio operators arrived under the MoU of the American Red Cross and ARRL to provide communications for the relief operation and reunification. With assistance from the ARRL team leads and the SM, we developed a compromise with the Fire Depart- ment’s Lieutenant Figueroa, and Chief Alberto Cruz. We deployed an operator to the Fire Department head- quarters in Juncos, establishing communications to the JFO in San Juan. We received access for operators to install portable stations at all firehouses in Puerto Rico, including Vieques and Culebra, supplying shelter, Sign outside the Puerto Rico Convention Center, location of the JFO and Puerto Rico EOC. [Mike Corey, KI1U, photo] 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report 3 water, food, electricity, a place to sleep, and help to install the antennas, as well as runners to meet the mayors and government representatives near the firehouses. Operators also collected emergency requisi- tions for transferring directly to ARC DRO K1M and FEMA JFO W1M. We were able to deploy teams of one at each firehouse required, per impacted region. Taking advantage of the firehouse resources, we were able to manage the operators more efficiently from teams of two, to teams of one, keeping ARRL operators safe. On the east coast, my assistant SM Jose (Otis) Vicens, NP4G, covered the region of Humacao to Fajardo, and Section Emergency Coordinator Juan Sepulveda, KP3CR, covered from Lares toward the west coast. They both covered the traffic at the most needed times for emergency communications. Many of the local radio amateurs had limited communication participation during the emergency because they were directly impacted by the loss of their station and the lack of electricity, which resulted in an emo- tional impact. American Red Cross/ARRL relief radio operators were located on the main stations including the Red Cross DRO at the Angel Ramos Building, the headquarters of the Disaster Relief Operation, and FEMA (JFO) at the Pedro Roselló Convention Center. Emergency portable stations were installed in many municipalities such as Vieques and Culebra, Mayaguez, Guayama, Juncos, Fajardo, Bayamon, Caguas, Lares, Castañer, Ponce, Guajataca, and many others. The amateur operators collected and retransmitted the requisitions and patients’ orders on Amateur Radio frequencies via voice/CW and Winlink e-mails. A few repeaters were utilized during the 6 weeks relief efforts, due to the extensive antenna/tower damage, and the power outage. About 13 repeaters came back into service after minor antenna repairs and recon- figuring the electrical power to emergency generator lines. A linked repeater administrated by Ramón E. Ramos, KP4DH, had coverage from the east to the west cost of Puerto Rico, allowing emergency portable stations to coordinate easily with the ARC DRO K1M and FEMA JFO W1M. Frequencies utilized as described in ICS-205 4 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report I can’t finish my report before I personally acknowledge the American Red Cross and ARRL for the uncondi- tional support and effort post-hurricane Irma/Maria in the Caribbean region. I can’t forget the invaluable help of the operators that traveled to Puerto Rico, for the unconditional support during our catastrophe. This team and the four team leads helped 24/7 for the benefit and relief of our citizens in distress. You have our grati- tude for this example, in which amateur operators joined our emergency communications at the most need- ed time in modern history. I also can’t forget FEMA and Homeland Security, especially EFS-2, SHARES team, and the Winlink organization’s support during this period. Also I have to recognize the sacrifices of the 131 local Amateur Radio operators who devoted their time, with limited resources, to maintaining local com- munications across Puerto Rico, even at times when they were directly impacted by a Category 5 hurricane. My personal gratitude to all of them. I can share thousands of stories and anecdotes. This is a short report of an incredible ham radio event. Amateur Radio is the only thing that works, when everything else fails. This is a fact! This is an example of what the volunteer radio amateurs did during hurricane Maria. The FCC, FEMA, Homeland Security Emergency Management, and the Red Cross recognize the effort for Puerto Rico, where the works are documented. https://1drv.ms/f/s!AgrrieEUycbFgaUJn_VfzhT1BvVA-g http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/us/puerto-rico-maria-ham-radio-operators-trnd/index.html http://www.arrl.org/news/amateur-radio-volunteers-aiding-storm-ravaged-puerto-rico-us-virgin-islands http://www.arrl.org/news/force-of-50-volunteers-puerto-rico-hurricane-recovery-mission-ends http://www.arrl.org/news/fcc-chairman-recognizes-amateur-radio-in-praising-those-assisting-puerto-rico Oscar Resto, KP4RF ARRL Puerto Rico Section Manager January 30, 2018 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report 5 Section 2.2: St. Croix ARC Response to Hurricanes Irma and Maria Summary The St. Croix Amateur Radio Club (SCARC) supported the Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Manage- ment Agency (VITEMA) acting as ESF-2 radio comms from 5 SEP 17 through 2 OCT 17. A total of 2,232 volunteer man-hours were provided through the efforts of a team of 13 dedicated amateurs on all US Vir- gin Islands. The SCARC acted as the Net Control Station for USVI emergency radio communications. The 60-meter amateur band was heavily used for nets involving numerous Territorial, Federal, and non-gov- ernmental agencies. SCARC coordinated many medical evacuations and supply flights, and provided other logistical communications support. • Things to Sustain • ICS training and exercises • Good working relationships with served agencies Training on use of EOC equipment and tools • Things to Improve • Further define SCARC scope and roles • Harden Territorial amateur repeater system • More exercises with served agencies The SCARC appreciates the opportunity to support its served agencies and the people of the Territory of the US Virgin Islands. Fred Kleber, K9VV ARRL Section Manager, US Virgin Islands ARRL Section Manager, Virgin Islands, Fred Kleber, K9VV (left), and Jarrett Devine, KB1VBK, of FEMA. Repairing the damaged antenna for NP2VI/r are Sean Cullinan, WP2SC (left), and ARRL Section Manager, Virgin Islands, Fred Kleber, K9VV. 6 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report Section 2.3: After-Action Report — South Texas Section What Happened Texas experienced two separate event types out of this storm. First, we had the wind event, which impacted the central Gulf communities (Corpus Christi, Rockport, Aransas Pass, etc.), then the storm went back into the Gulf and came back ashore over the Houston area (and eventually east towards Beaumont along the Louisiana border). This time it was a rain event, dropping record amounts of rain- fall, upwards of 60" in some spots. While most of the world focused on the flooding, the impacts spread along the entire Texas coast, from Corpus Christi to the Louisiana border. The impacts were significantly different from each other. What Worked Although there were several communication outages that occurred from the wind impact, the commu- nication outages tended to be short term. Rockport was hit the most, with cellular, public safety, and other communications taken down. But the resources available by both commercial cellular services and public safety response agencies resulted in portable COWS, communication trailers, portable antenna structures etc., being put in place, sometimes within hours after the winds died down. And while there were exceptions, most communications were back on the air within a much quicker time than in previous large storm events. In Houston, there was a flooding event and again, with some exceptions, most communications stayed up through the event. This is due to commercial and public safety agencies having learned from tropi- cal storm Allison. They moved their equipment and generators to higher locations. This prevented any widespread outages. The Beaumont area did experience large-scale power outages, but due to availability of genera- tor-backed communication sites, communication outages were limited there also. Amateur Radio For the wind events, most local, county, and state EOCs were activated and, in most cases, we had ARES presence at those locations. While we did collect situational awareness and health and welfare traffic as requested by the agencies, again there was not a widespread communication issue so large- scale activation and response was not requested. For the flooding events, the Houston area EOCs (Transtar primarily) did activate ARES on a 24/7 basis. We staffed the EOCs and several shelters. The primary mission turned out to be having hams at NRG Stadium, where response efforts were being organized and we assisted with traffic coordination, shelter needs, and were available as backups to communications as needed. An interesting side note is that one of the most valuable communication tools we provided was Citizen Band communications to coordinate all of the 18-wheelers bringing supplies into the center for redis- tribution. As most truckers have CB, this became a viable way to communicate with them and provide directions, etc. What Didn’t Work For us, very little did not work. ARES groups activated as needed, HF and local nets were brought up and traffic was passed. Jeff Walter, KE5FGA, the South Texas Section Emergency Coordinator, and I did receive several offers of assistance from outside the Section, but in the end, they were not needed. 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report 7 One other item that I noted was, there were some requests for help by agencies such as the Red Cross, but the requests were not seen as “ham radio related,” and we had operators that declined to assist because of that. (The request was to contact shelters each night to get accurate bed counts and pass that info on to Red Cross coordinator at State EOC. This involved more telephone than radio, hence the pushback.) General Thoughts Overall Harvey was unique in that Houston mainly got rain, and Corpus Christi mainly got wind. If each area had gotten equal amounts of both, there might had been more communications failures and a bigger need for a traditional ham radio response. The commercial and public safety communications systems either did not fail, failures were isolated or what failures there were, were taken care of very quickly. As it was, there was not a widespread call for Amateur Radio communications assistance, as there was in Ike and before. The needs were very local and answered by the local groups. Cases in Point Cellular service in the Rockport Port Aransas area; restoration was begun in 6 hours rather than 6 days Reason why: COWs, COLTs, caches, platforms, assets, and generators were pre-staged and many more of them were available for deployment even before the winds had died below the 40 MPH for reentry criteria Public Safety Communications in the Houston area saw only three sites go down — two because of the loss of land-based data circuits and in one case it went underwater Towers and antennas that were damaged were replaced, or temporary ones placed into service within hours rather than weeks Reason why: In the time from Ike to Harvey, agencies had spent billions of dollars on platforms such as mo- bile PSAP/dispatch centers, portable 100-foot towers, Communications/Command trailers, Sites on Wheels (SOWS), huge caches of radios, backup power planning, replacement of land based (T-1) data circuits with microwave and most of all… Training, planning, training, planning and do it all over again until you could do it in your sleep. All of the above resulted in the very systems for which in Ike, Katrina, Rita and before; Amateur Radio had stood up and replaced or augmented were themselves hardened, strengthened, and prepared to withstand the onset of the storms and not fail. Who Made This Happen At least in Texas, when one pulls back the covers and sees who is in command of many of these non-ham systems, it becomes very apparent that while hams were thinking like hams, they were doing their day jobs. Over the past 12 years since Ike, many people who were in the trenches during storms Ike, Katrina, et.al., doing the work of ham radio, public safety radio, commercial radio etc. are also Amateur Radio operators. They have moved into decision-making positions of the public safety communications agencies and com- mercial and cellular entities, where they brought with them the ham radio attitude of “it is not going to fail,” and applied it to their day jobs. In Texas, the public safety communications community is actually very small. Texas has 254 counties, over 6,500 agencies, and two of the top five metropolitan population centers of the US with hundreds of thousands of radios, towers, sites, and users. 8 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report