Volume 3 October 2015 ISSN 2330-4219 20 15 5 The Journal on Technology and Persons wiTh disabiliTies Scientifc/Research Proceedings, San Diego, 2015 Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities ISSN 2330-4216 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS * U.S. ISSN CENTER ISSN Publisher Liaison Section Library of Congress 101 Independence Avenue SE Washington, DC 20540-4284 (202) 707-6452 (voice); (202) 707-6333 (fax) I Preface The Center on Disabilities at California State University, Northridge is proud to welcome you to the third issue of the Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities. These published proceedings from the Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference, represent submissions from the Science/Research Track presented at the 30th anniversary event held March 2-7, 2015. The Center on Disabilities at CSUN has been recognized for sponsoring an event that for three decades highlights the possibilities and realities which facilitate the full inclusion of individuals with disabilities. Over the years it has truly become the major global platform for meeting and exchanging ideas, continually attracting more than 4,000 participants annually. We were once again pleased that the third Call for Papers for the Science/Research Track in 2014 drew a large response of more than 40 leading researchers and academics. A panel of more than 30 highly-qualified peers from around the world formed the program committee and was chaired by Dr. Klaus Miesenberger. The expertise of the program committee ensured that each contribution was expertly and equitably peer-reviewed and only those submissions of the highest caliber were accepted for presentation and publication. Demonstrating a clear focus on scientific excellence, this third Journal and the Science/Research Track at the conference, document CSUN’s commitment to involve scientific researchers from all over the world to fulfill its mission as a platform of exchange with full cooperation and support of all stakeholders. We would like to thank the authors, the Science/Research Track review panel, the Center on Disabilities team at CSUN, and the editorial staff for their professional support. As always, we are grateful for and appreciate the many participants and partners who have contributed to the Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference throughout the first 30 years. As we begin to move into our 4th decade, we will continue to seek out this support and collaboration and hope you will join us at our 2016 event where we will rebrand the conference as the “CSUN Assistive Technology Conference”. Welcome once again to our third publication of “The Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities.” We hope you will continue to enjoy our endeavors and with your continued support of the Center on Disabilities at CSUN and the annual conference we can all work together in our mission of “changing the world for people with disabilities.” Sandy Plotin Managing Director, Center on Disabilities Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge II Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Contributors Center on Disabilities California State University, Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge, California 91330-8340 USA Scientific Editor Miesenberger, Klaus University of Linz, Austria Editors Argueta, Angelica Copy Editor Santiago, Julia Managing Editor Ruiz, Shirley Accessibility Editor Organization Advisory Council Asuncion, Jennison Adaptech Research Network, Canada Cummins-Prager, Mary Ann California State University, Northridge, USA (Emeritus) Karshmer, Arthur University of San Francisco, USA (Emeritus) Khachikian, Crist California State University, Northridge, USA Miesenberger, Klaus University of Linz, Austria Murphy, Harry California State University, Northridge, USA (Emeritus) Paciello, Michael The Paciello Group, USA Ramesh, S.K. California State University, Northridge, USA Sax, Caren San Diego State University, USA Journal Review Committee 2015 Archambault, Dominique Université Paris 8, France Coughlan, James Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, USA Cudd, Peter University of Sheffield, UK Fitzpatrick, Donal Dublin City University, Ireland Goggin, Sean California State University, Northridge, USA Hillen, Hans The Paciello Group, Netherlands Horton, Sarah The Paciello Group, USA Karshmer, Arthur University of San Francisco, USA Manduchi, Roberto University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Miesenberger, Klaus University of Linz, Austria Murphy, Harry California State University, Northridge, USA (Emeritus) O Connor, Joshue NCBI Centre For Inclusive Technology, Ireland Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge III Ramesh, S.K. California State University, Northridge, USA Santiago, Julia California State University, Northridge, USA Sloan, David The Paciello Group, UK Stoeger, Bernhard University of Linz, Austria Watson, Leonie The Paciello Group, UK Yamaguchi, Katsuhito Nihon University, Japan Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge IV Table of Contents Development of a Math-Learning App for Students with Visual Impairments _______________1 Carole R. Beal, L. Penny Rosenblum Question-Asking Strategy for People with Aphasia to Remember Food Names ____________ 10 Shiho Arima, Shingo Kuroiwa, Yasuro Horiuchi Best Practices for Conducting Evaluations of Sign Language Animation _________________ 20 Matt Huenerfauth, Hernisa Kacorri PERCEPT Based Interactive Wayfinding for Visually Impaired Users in Subways _________ 33 Aura Ganz, James M. Schafer, Yang Tao, Larry Haile, Charlene Sanderson, Carole Wilson, Meg Robertwon Building on What We Know: The iPad as an Assistive Technology Tool for Post-Secondary Students with Disabilities _________________________________________ 45 Linda Chmiliar, Carrie Anton Impact of Motor Impairment on Full-Screen Touch Interaction ________________________ 58 Karl Wiegand, Rupal Patel Developing a Tool for Testing Compatibility of Website with ATs _____________________ 77 Stein Erik Skotkjerra, Kristin Skeide Fuglerud, Till Halbach The Use of e-Textbooks on the iPad to Support Post-Secondary Students with Disabilities ___ 89 Linda Chmiliar Use of Mainstream Wireless Technology by Adults who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication ___________________________________________________ 101 John T. Morris, Diane N. Bryen EyeRemember: Memory Aid App for Google Glass _________________________________116 Tracey Wallace, John Morris, Scott Brandshaw Methods in Creating the iBraille Challenge Mobile App for Braille Users _______________ 130 Cheryl Kamei-Hannan, Tessa McCarthy, Benjamin Pomeroy Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge V Patterns of Student Engagement within an Online Supplemental Mathematics Curriculum __ 145 Mark Horney A System to Assist Visually Disabled Musicians to Participate in Orchestras ____________ 160 Thomas Brophy, Flaithri Neff, Christopher Noonan, Ian Pitt, Donal Fitzpatrick An Improved Website Design for Elders Utilizing Social Networking Sites ______________ 172 Jessica Arfaa, Yuanqiong (Kathy) Wang Wearable Alert System for Mobility-Assistance Service Dogs ________________________ 184 Giancarlo Valentin, Larry Freil, Joelle Alcaidinho, Jay Zuerndorfer, Celeste Mason, Melody M. Jackson O'Map: An Assistive Solution for Identifying and Localizing Objects in a Semi-Structured Environment _________________________________________________ 204 Shahinur Alam, ASM Iftekhar Anam, Mohammed Yeasin Evaluation of Crowdsourced Accessibility Information Sharing _______________________ 232 Takahiro Miura, Ken-ichiro Yabu, Tohru Ifukube, Masatsugu Sarkajiri, Mari Ueda, Atsushi Hiyama, Michitaka Hirose Optimal Viewing Distance between Deaf Viewers and Interpreters ____________________ 246 Raja S. Kushalnagar Implementing Accessibility in a Widely Distributed Web-Based Visualization and Analysis Platform- Weave ____________________________________________________ 257 Franck Kamayou, Heather Granz, Merve Tuccar, Shweta Purushe, Georges Grinstein, Mike Paciello, Graeme W. Coleman Inclusive Design: Its Impact on Young People with Vision Impairment _________________ 277 Rachel Hewett, Graeme Douglas Speech Biofeedback on Google Glass for People with Neuromotor Speech Impairments ___ 291 Mansoor Pervaiz, Rupal Patel Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge 1 Development of a Math-Learning App for Students with Visual Impairments Carole R. Beal, The University of Florida. Development of a Math-Learning App for Students with Visual Impairments 2 Introduction Educators, researchers, and practitioners have noted that math learning is often especially difficult for students with visual impairments (VI), and that this may contribute to their low numbers in math-intensive college majors and professions (Freeland, Emerson, Curtis, and Fogarty; Goertz, van Lierop, Houkes, and Nijhuis; McDonnall, Geison, and Cavenaugh). In particular, algebra is a critical “gatekeeper” course. Students who do not pass algebra are not likely to pursue science or engineering. Often, the problem is that students lack proficiency in key algebra-readiness skills such as division, fractions, decimals, and unit conversion. To address the need to help students with VI build their algebra-readiness skills, the present project was designed to adapt an existing online tutoring program for use in authentic educational settings by students with VI, and their teachers of students with visual impairments (TVIs). Discussion The AnimalWatch program The original online tutoring program (“AnimalWatch”) was developed with support from the U.S. Department of Education (Beal, Arroyo, Cohen, and Woolf). The program emphasizes word problem solving, which is generally considered a key component of mathematics proficiency (Koedinger and Nathan). An efficacy study involving a randomized control trial (RCT) design indicated that classroom use of the AnimalWatch software in California middle schools was associated with improved scores on the state end-of-year math achievement test (Schneider, Beal, Hauk, D’Silva, Li, and Allen). However, the web-based program was not fully accessible for students with visual impairments. Thus, the project goal was to make the AnimalWatch program accessible. Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge Development of a Math-Learning App for Students with Visual Impairments 3 Selection of iPads as the delivery platform The initial project challenge was to identify the best platform to meet the needs of students with a range of visual abilities (low vision to educational blindness) and literacy media used to access information (print, braille, audio) (Zhou, Parker, Smith, and Griffin-Shirley; Zimmerman, Zebehazy, and Moon). The Project Team developed an online survey that was open in Spring 2012 to TVIs. Results indicated that TVIs (N = 88, from 27 states) believed that the iPad platform, which includes Apple-proprietary accessibility features such as VoiceOver, an integrated speech option, held the most potential for effective delivery of math instruction to their students. Features of the app During the 2012-2013 school year, we developed a prototype iPad app (“AnimalWatch Vi”) along with accompanying materials, and obtained feedback from students with VI and TVIs. Math content. In its final form, the app includes 24 units covering math topics such as fractions, decimals, unit conversion, solving one-variable equations, basic statistics, and basic geometry. Each unit includes six word problems, each with two hints that are available to the student after he or she enters an incorrect answer, and a short video showing the problem solution that becomes available if the student cannot solve the problem. Two problems in each unit include graphical information such as maps, tables, bar graphs, and diagrams. Students with VI often lack opportunities to work with graphical information, yet this type of information is often emphasized on math achievement tests. Accessibility features All text on the screen can be accessed in audio form either via VoiceOver or by a two- finger single tap, which activates the app's internal speech that sounds like VoiceOver to the user. Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities Santiago, J. (Eds): Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference © 2015 California State University, Northridge