UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title "The Perfect Type of Industry": Apocalyptic Visions of the Asian Century Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15g8h0bn Author Man, Jessica Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles “The Perfect Type of Industry”: 2012 and Apocalyptic Visions of the Asian Century A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Asian American Studies by Jessica Man 2018 © Copyright by Jessica Man 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS “The Perfect Type of Industry”: 2012 and Apocalyptic Visions of the Asian Century by Jessica Man Master of Arts in Asian American Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Victor Bascara, Chair This thesis traces apocalyptic narratives of East Asian labor and mastery through the reportage of the Russo-Japanese war to the modern disaster film, using Yellow Peril as a framework to explore how American economic anxieties have remained mapped to the Chinese laborer even through recent upheavals in U.S.-China relations and the transition of the global economy into late-stage capitalism. By investigating selected literary and cinematic works like Jack London’s “The Unparalleled Invasion” and Roland Emmerich’s 2012 (2009) as speculative projections of an apocalyptic understanding of history, I seek to illuminate how the different formations of Yellow Peril function as state-sanctioned eschatologies that plan to extend the ideological life of the state beyond its material life, naturalizing capitalist and colonial relations that preserve the strictures of race, gender, and sexuality in order to reproduce the nation, avoiding the apocalyptic re-orientation of the end of empire. ii The thesis of Jessica Man is approved. Valerie J. Matsumoto Thu-hương Nguyễn-võ Victor Bascara, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2018 iii This project is dedicated to Lawrence-Minh Búi Davis, mentor and coach, who opened the doorway to ethnic studies for a directionless linguistics major and stood there patiently until she stepped through, and also to Elizabeth Papazian, for the long talk that would eventually grow the final paper I wrote for you into this thesis, and your enthusiastic support of a fledgling scholar. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... viii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................1 II. Methodology ...............................................................................................................................5 III. Contextualizing the Russo-Japanese War ..................................................................................7 IV. National Ambitions ..................................................................................................................11 V. The War, Quickly ......................................................................................................................17 VI. Apocalyptic Visions of Asiatic Labor .....................................................................................20 VII. Dream Interpretation – Apocalypse, Eschaton, and Empire ..................................................26 VIII. 2012 and the Asian Century ..................................................................................................33 IX. Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................42 Selected Bibliography ....................................................................................................................46 v Acknowledgements My first thanks in this project must go to the Tongva peoples, on whose land I have had the privilege to live while conducting my studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. With all the talk of apocalypse that appears in this thesis, it is only right to recognize that those here with the best knowledge of how to move through apocalypse and envision worlds beyond empire are the indigenous peoples who have faced repeated legal indignities and violent attempts at eradication at the hands of both the United States and the State of California. We cannot create a more just and equitable future without decolonization. Key to the development of the interpretive tools I used in this thesis were texts and techniques given to me by Professor Stephen Frank of the UCLA History Department in a brutally comprehensive class on pre-Soviet Russian history, and Professor Lowell Gallagher of the UCLA English Department, who provided several of the analytical frameworks found in Chapter VII. Thank you for the prodigious lecturing and patience with my struggles balancing TA duties and student duties. To my cohort – the dumpling-making collective – thank you for the late-night chats, the shared food, the rides, and the continual affirmation of our worth beyond our work as people first. Thank you for letting me study with you, laugh with you, cry with you, sleep on your couches, and pet your dogs. I am so blessed to have witnessed your growth during our brief time together, and to have been challenged to grow by your kindness, integrity, and insight. I truly believe that we were all brought together at this time, at this place, to remind each other of what joyful living can look like. You’ve made the past two years feel as light as a feather and pass as swiftly as a Bird. vi To Lotus and Alyza – you have been my cheerleaders, commiserators, advisors, and fellow mischief-makers for what feels like forever. My eternal gratitude to you for providing listening ears and savvy advice, and gently rebutting my constant pessimism. To Professor Lucy Burns – I have never thanked you enough for the persistent structural support (and discipline) that you provided me with during my first year in this program. To the members of my committee, Professors Bascara, Matsumoto, and Nguyễn-võ – Thank you for investing your time and energy into my project, and for your insightful advice on academia and life in general during my slightly-panicked meetings with you. You’ve helped me speak with confidence and develop my sprout of an idea into something much more interesting. To my parents, and also姑姐 & 姑丈 – Thank you for housing me, feeding me, and cheering me on since before I was born. To the Little Tokyo Historical Society, Bill Watanabe, Dr. Sanbo & Kazuko Sakaguchi, and Meg Thornton – Thank you for your patient financial, spiritual, and collegial support of my research with LTHS, and your gentle encouragement of community work. You restored a connection between me and the Asian American community that felt like it had been lost in the move from coast to coast. Finally, a thousand thanks to the Department staff: T. K. Lê, Kristine Jan Espinoza, and Wendy Fujinami, who have repeatedly saved our lives for the past two years. You are all superheroes, not only for keeping the Department on its feet, but also for turning it into a welcoming home for all of us who pass through. S. D. G. vii I. Introduction Donald Trump’s comments on China after his assumption of the presidency have left American journalists scrambling to make sense of his opinions. Once having accused China of “raping” the United States on the campaign trail (Diamond, 2016), he has recently expressed great admiration for President Xi Jinping as the leader of a world superpower; he proclaimed in a stump speech that China committed “one of the greatest thefts in the history of the world” (Smith, 2016) in its trade relations with America, but on March 4th, 2018, praised Xi for eliminating the two-term limit on China’s presidential office, remarking off-handedly that “[America] might want to give that a shot someday” (Liptak, 2018). Accordingly, this statement made the headlines of several major publications and provoked intense speculation on Trump’s perception of the office of the President and suspicion about his ultimate goals in governing the United States. For all the psychological, political, and economic analyses that have tried to make sense of Trump’s “flip-flopping” attitudes toward foreign relations, it has thus far remained unclear where and how the President formed his opinions on Chinese trade policy. His avowed affection for Fox News and other conservative media outlets, who have long held concerns about Chinese economic ascendancy, might be the root of his campaign-trail vitriol. However, his more recent remarks supporting the Chinese presidency and begrudgingly expressing admiration for the policies he had previously excoriated display a kind of economic sportsmanship more attuned to his background as a businessman with interests in playing to the most profitable market. These are both reasonable hypotheses, and there is hardly any precedent to expect an elected official to hold to campaign promises, but it is inaccurate to the past century and a half of U.S.-China relations to say that Trump is “flip-flopping” on China. Rather, he is exposing two sides of the 1