Diigitized by the Internet Archive 2014 in https://archive.org/details/govlawdccode092013 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CODE OFFICIAL EDITION 2001 Containing the Laws, general and permanent in their nature, relating to or in force in the District ofColumbia (Except such laws as are ofapplication in the General and Permanent Laws ofthe United States) as ofSeptember 13, 2012. VOLUME 9 Title 16 Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters LexisNexis COPYRIGHT©2001-2012 By The Districtof Columbia AllRights Reserved. 4633910 ISBN 978-0-7698-6583-6 (Volume 9) ISBN 978-0-7698-6495-2 (Set) Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. 701 EastWater Street, Charlottesville, VA22902 www.lexisnexis.com Customer Service: 1-800-833-9844 LexisNexis and the Knowledge Burst logo are registered trademarks ofReed Elsevier Properties Inc., used under license. Matthew Bender is a registered trademark ofMatthew Bender Properties Inc. (Pub.45948) COUNCIL OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Phil Mendelson, Chairman Yvette Alexander Jack Evans Marion Barry Jim Graham Anita Bonds David Grosso Muriel Bowser Kenyan R. McDuffie DavidA. Catania Vincent B. Orange, Sr. Mary M. Cheh Tommy Wells OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL Under Whose Direction This Volume Has Been Prepared V. David Zvenyach, General Counsel John Hoellen, Legislative Counsel Benjamin F. Bryant, Jr., Codification Counsel Karen R. Barbour, Legal Assistant * iii Foreword to 2013 Commemorative Set LexisNexis presents the' 2013 republication of the District of Columbia Official Code, 2001 Edition to the D.C. bench and bar and to the citizens ofthe District ofColumbia in a sincere beliefthat it will prove a material contribu- tion to the orderly and efficient conduct ofthe government ofthe District and to the practice of law. LexisNexis is proud to help commemorate the 40th anniversary ofHome Rule for the District ofColumbia. LexisNexis continues its tradition ofexcellence with its District ofColumbia Official Code, 2001 Edition. This 2013 Volume 9 replaces any existing Volume 9 of the 2001 Edition and its 2012 Supplement, both of which may now be discarded, recycled, or retained for historical reference. Future supplements will be keyed to this 2013 Volume and not to any ofits predecessors. The District ofColumbia Official Code, 2001 Edition, represents the eighth compilation ofthe laws of the District of Columbia and reflects an extensive renumbering ofthe 1981 Edition. Users should consult the historical citations at the end ofeach statute, and corresponding amendment notes, as guides to legislative currency. Research features such as case annotations, section references, effect of legislation notes, editor's notes, and the comprehensive index have been prepared by LexisNexis. Your set is kept up to date through regular supplementation, free access to the on-line Official Code at http:// www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/dccode andthe periodicreplacement ofvolumes. All case citations are Shepardized for accuracy and continued relevance. LexisNexis also publishes a District ofColumbiaAdvance Legislative Service (ALS). TheALSgivesyouthelatestsessionlaws as theyarepassed, alongwith tables showing you which sections ofthe Code are affected. We actively solicit your comments and suggestions. Ifyou have questions or comments about the statutes, or if you have suggestions regarding index improvements, please write to us or call us toll-free at 1-800-833-9844; fax us toll free at 1-800-643-1280; E-mail us at [email protected]; orvisit our website at http://www.lexisnexis.com. By providing us with your informed comments, you will be assured of having a working tool which increases in value each year. LexisNexis June 2013 v