A CONCISE ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY iihrbeòtme ЛК ТЛЈ ut» frcuptn ïftwe&g&mkneAAgL «nbrfn Xs¿bi ph W t v MR τΐτΛΚΤΌΧ ТГТЈГЈ&П& * pnettftomr UlmUbj*tffc-fe. Utnp-'U he» тЬлшЬлп го»лл>ап'Дп • at-чаш* fw.^tv ихлУГ'пМиг тпагтш х '¿ £* 1 гаюімтт&т^ «А _ат дЯ rcrtřf№ '-burp cmnttí^onřtn&LГ tTrí^í»an,ívapíXtiiWTr \*SttŢCfi J.R. Clark Hail Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching EDITORIAL BOARD Madeline Caviness Bill Harnum Norris J. Lacy Carol Neel Edward Peters Suzanne Rancourt David Staines Luke Wenger J.R. Clark Hall With a Supplement by Herbert D. Meritt A CONCISE ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY FOURTH EDITION Published by University of Toronto Press Toronto Buffalo London in association with the Medieval Academy of America Originally published 1894 Fourth edition © 1960 Cambridge University Press Reprinted by permission of Cambridge University Press Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-6548-1 Reprinted 1984, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996, 2000 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Hall, J. R. Clark (John Richard Clark), 1855- A concise Anglo-Saxon dictionary (Medieval Academy reprints for teaching; 14) 4th ed., with a supplement by Herbert D. Meritt. Reprint. Originally pubhshed: Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1960. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8020-6548-1 1. English language - Old English, ca. 450-1100 - Dictionaries - English. I. Meritt, Herbert Dean, 1904- . П. Medieval Academy of America. Ш. Title. IV, Series. PE279.H341984 429321 C84-007675-4 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The first edition of this dictionary having been exhausted, it has been extensively revised, and certain new features and alterations have been introduced into it. i. The principle of arranging all words according to their actual spelling has been to a considerable extent abandoned. It was ad­ mittedly an unscientific one, and opened the door to a good many errors and inconsistencies. The head form in this edition may be either a normalised form or one which actually occurs. 2. Words beginning with ge- have been distributed among the letters of the alphabet which follow that prefix, and the sign + has been employed instead of ge- in order to make the break in alpha­ betical continuity as little apparent to the eye as possible. The sign ± has been used where a word occurs both with and without the prefix. 3. References to Cook's translation of Sievers' Anglo-Saxon Grammar, and to the Grammatical Introduction to Sweet's Reader have been taken out, as Wright's or Wyatt's Old English Grammar will have taken their place with most English students. 4. A new feature which, it is hoped, will prove widely useful, is the introduction of references to all, or nearly all, the headings in the New English Dictionary under which quotations from Anglo-Saxon texts are to be found. A vast mass of valuable information as to the etymo­ logy, meaning and occurrence of Old English words is contained in that Dictionary, but is to a very large extent overlooked because it is to be found under the head of words which are now obsolete, so that unless one happens to know what was the last form which they had in Middle English, one does not know how to get at it. This information will be made readily available by the references in the present work, which will form a practically complete index to the Anglo-Saxon material in the larger dictionary and will at the same time put the student on the track of interesting Middle English examples of the use of Old English words. Besides directing the reader (by means of quotation marks) to the heading in the New English Dictionary where the relevant matter may be found, an indication has been given of the texts from which quotations are made therein, when these do not exceed four or five. 5. There have been many valuable contributions to Anglo-Saxon lexicography (by Napier, Swaen, Schlutter, Förster, Wulfing and vi PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION others) since the first edition of this Dictionary appeared, and these have been made use of, but (as before) unglossaried matter has not been systematically searched for words not hitherto recorded in Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries. 6. The number of references to passages has been very largely increased. All words occurring only in poetical texts have been marked. If they occur more than once they bear the sign f, if only once, a reference to the passage is generally given. If not they are marked f. As regards prose texts, the rule has been only to give references to particular passages in the case of rare words,—more especially <о£гм/а.ое уд сХ The references to О,А CP and M which were given in the earlier edition have been retained, as a useful indi­ cation that the word occurs in Early West Saxon or Late West Saxon prose, as the case may be. 7. By various devices it has been found possible, while much increasing the amount of matter in the book, to add very slightly to the number of pages, and at the same time to reduce the number of columns on a page from three to two. Most of these devices are more or less mechanical, but one method of saving space may be mentioned. Certain compound words, descriptive of places, which, as far as I know, occur only in charters and which may often be more correctly regarded as proper nouns, have not been separately inserted. Their meaning can however always be ascertained by referring to their components, and where the abbreviation Mdf is inserted the reader will understand that examples of words so compounded, or of the components, or of both, will be found in Birch's Cartulartum Saxontcum, or in Earle's Land Charters, and that references to those examples are given in MiddendorfFs Attcnglisches Flurnamenbuch. 8. In the List of Abbreviations, etc. at the commencement of the book, editions of texts which are furnished with a glossary have been specially indicated. J. R. С H. January 19x6 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION In this new edition account has been taken of the important publica­ tions concerned with Anglo-Saxon lexicography which have appeared within the last sixteen years, and notably of the final instalments of 'BosworthrToller' (BT) and the New English Dictionary (NED). A considerable number of words from twelfth-century texts, which have not been recorded in BT, has been inserted in the Dictionary, as there seemed to the writer that there was no sufficient ground for their exclusion. Generally speaking, the preface to the Second Edition still holds good, except that a few words now marked f do not occur exclusively in poetical texts but appear very rarely elsewhere, e.g. in glosses. References to lines have been given in the case of all poetical words which occur only once, the sign { being thus rendered unnecessary; and as regards prose words, references to page and line have usually been limited to those occurring once, or very rarely, or to passages which are not noted in other dictionaries. In the same preface it was stated that references to the texts from which quotations have been made in the NED have only been given as a rule when the numbers did not exceed four or five. As regards the cases in which the quotations contained in the NED are more numerous, this has been indicated in the present edition by the NED word being printed in small capitals, an asterisk being added where inflectional or other forms are specially illustrated in that Dictionary by examples. For the rest, the number of references has again been materially increased, an indication having often been given of one or two texts in which the more common words are to be found. It may be added that a few words have been given on the authority of BT, NED or Sweet alone when I have not been able to trace their source, or to verify the references given in those dictionaries. J. R. С H. EASTBOURNE April 1931 LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS WITH THEIR EXPLANATION Note 1. Where references are in italic type, quotations from the texts indicated will be found in the New English Dictionary, under the head of the English word which is distinguished in the article by quotation marks (see Preface). When the quotations in the NED have been too numerous to allow of reference to them in this Dictionary, the Modern English word has been put in SMALL CAPITALS ; and an asterisk is affixed to it when examples of inflectional or other forms of an Anglo-Saxon word are given in the NED. In references to special passages volumes have been marked off from pages by an inverted full stop, and lines or verses have been shown, where they follow other numerals, by small superior figures. Occasionally where lines have not been numbered in a quoted text, the mark ' has been inserted to show that the quotation is in the lower part of a page. References to page and line have, as a rule, been restricted to words only occurring once. Note 2. In the following list the number (1) after an edition of a text indicates that the edition is supplied with a complete referenced glossary or word-index, (2) that it has a complete glossary, but without references, and (3) that it has a partial glossary or word-index. Note 3. Some of the abbreviations given below are used in combination, eg. MtLR«=the Lindisfarne and Rushworth MSS of St Matthew; BJPs«the Bos- worth and the Junius Psalters; asf.«*accusative singular feminine; EK«= Early Kentish. Note 4. If any meanings of adverbs are given, they are additional to those which may be inferred from the corresponding adjective. Note 5. In settling the spelling and alphabetical order of words preference has been given to EWS forms in ie or ie whenever they occur. Where other spellings (i. У; h ?) bave been adopted '«ie' or '=Ie' has been added in the case of the more important forms. ' ' Quotation marks are used to enclose «occurs only or mainly in poetical the English words which should be texts. (For references to those texts looked up in the NED in order to find v. GK.) etymological information as to, and a. » accusative. examples of the use of, the Anglo- A «Anglian, or, if followed by nu­ Saxon words to which the articles in merals, Anglia, Zeitschrift für Eng­ this Dictionary relate, see Note 1 lische Philologie, Halle, 1877 etc. above. If they enclose Latin words, AB = Anglia Beiblatt. they indicate the lemmata of Anglo- AA=Alexander's Letter, in Three Saxon words in glosses or glossaries English Prose Texts, ed. S. Rypins etc., or the Latin equivalent of such (EETS). 1924 (1). words in the Latin texts from which Ж«Ж1ггіс. (References followed by they are translated. The Latin is numerals in parentheses relate to especially so given when «the Ags. certain Homilies attributed to іс гШД word seems to be a blindly mecha­ in HL.) References to books in nical and literal equivalent. сЪ іШЖ version of the Heptateuch, * is prefixed to hypothetical forms. in Grein's JElfric de vetere et novo Normalised forms of Ags. words Testamento (Bibi. der Ags. Prosa, which actually exist are not usually vol. 1), or in S. J. Crawford's Hepta­ so marked. See also Note 1. teuch (EETS), 1929, are given under ' See Note 1 above. the abbreviations of their titles (GEN + Äge-. etc.). Words peculiar to Crawford's ± indicates that the Ags. word to which text axe marked C. See also ЖГ. it is prefixed is found both with and JEGR*=JElhic's Grammatik und Glos­ without the prefix ge-. sar, ed. J. Zupitza, Berlin, 1880. χ LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS JEH - ^Elfric's Homilies, ed. В. Thorpe, BDS« Beitrage zur Geschichte der London, 1844-6. (Quoted by vol., deutschen Sprache, ed. E. Sievers, page and line.) Leipzig, 1874 etc. ML· « iElfric's Metrical Lives of Saints, BF—Byrhtferth's Manual, ed. S. J. ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS), 1881-1900 Crawford (EETS), 1929. Also in A (3). vol. 8, from which the quotations in ,ŒP«2Elfric's Hirtenbriefe (Pastoral NED are made. Letters), ed. В. Fehr, Hamburg, BH « the Anglo-Saxon version of Bede's 1914 (Bibi. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 9). Ecclesiastical History, 2 vols., éd. T. .5ÎT«the prefatory matter in -flElfric's Miller (EETS), 1891-6. (Reference Heptateuch (see Ж). Quoted from is usually made to the pages in vol. 1 Crawford by line only up to p. 75, as regards the various readings re­ and after that by page and line. corded in vol. 2—not to the pages in AF« Anglistische Forschungen, ed. J. the latter vol.) Sch=ed. J. Schip­ Hoops, Heidelberg. per, Hamburg, 1899. ALM «= the poem on Alms, in GR. Вк« Texte und Untersuchungen zur AN «the poem of Andreas, in GR; or AE Literatur, etc., by R. Brotanek, ed. G. P. Krapp, Boston, U.S.A., HaUe, 1913. 1905 (1). BL=The Bückling Homilies, ed. R. ANDR « the prose legend of St Andrew, Morris (EETS), 1874^80 (1). in BR. BLPS « Bückling Glosses to the Psalms, ANS«Herrig's Archiv für das Studium at the end of BL. der neueren Sprachen, Brunswick, Bo « King Alfred's translation of Boe- 1846 etc. thius, with the Metres of Boethius, ANT=Analecta Anglo-saxonica by В. ed. W. J. Sedgefield, Oxford, 1899 (1). Thorpe, London, 1846 (2). BPs«die AE Glossen im Bosworth- anv.«anomalous verb. Psalter, ed. U. Iindelöf (Mémoires АО «Alfred's translation of Orosius, de la Soc. néo-philologique à Helsing- éd. H. Sweet (EETS), 1883. (v. also fors, tom. 5), 1909 (3). Wfg.) BR «An Anglo-Saxon Reader, éd. Ap=the poem of the Fate of the J. W. Bright, New York, or London, Apostles, in GR; or included with 1923 (1). Andreas in Krapp's edition (v. AN). BR « the poem of Brunanburh, in GR or APs«the Arundel Psalter, éd. G. Oess fCHR. (AF vol. 30), Heidelberg, 1910. BT «An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by APT« Anglo-Saxon version of Apol­ J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller, Ox­ lonius of Tyre, ed. В. Thorpe, ford, 1882-98; BTs«the Supple­ London, 1834. ment, 1908-21; BTac« Additions AS »King Alfred's version of Augus­ and Corrections at the end of the tine's Soliloquies, ed. Endter, Ham­ Supplement. burg, 1922, or H. L. Hargrove (Yale BTK«C. G. Bouterwek; de officiis Studies in Old English), Boston, hor arum, in pref. to Caedmon's U.S.A., 1912 (1). References are to Biblische Dichtungen, Gütersloh, Endter. See also SHR. 1854 (pp. 194-222). Az=the poem of Azarias, in GR. ByH«12th Century Homilies in MS В «the poem of Beowulf, in GR; also Bodley 343, ed: A. O. Belfour (EETS ed. A. J. Wyatt and R. W. Chambers, vol. 137), 1909. Cambridge, 1914 (1); or ed. W. J. CAS «Legends of St Andrew and St Sedgeñeld, Manchester, 1912 (1); or Veronica, in Cambridge Antiq. F. ег ЬеаЮ (ЮЬ.), Boston, U.S.A., Society's Publications, 1861. 1922 (1). CC—The Crawford Charters, ed. A. BAS «The Admonition of St Basil, ed. S. Napier and W. H. Stevenson H. W. Norman, London, 1849. (Anecdota Oxoniensia), Oxford, 1895. BB« Bonner Beitrage zur Anglistik, CHR«TWO of the Saxon Chronicles ed. M. Trautmann. Parallel, ed. J. Earle and C. Plum­ BC«Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. W. mer, Oxford, 1892 (1). The poetical de Gray Birch, London, 1883 etc., passages are marked ţCHR. 3vols. CHRD = the Rule of Chrodegang, ed. Bd«Bede. A. S. Napier (EETS), 1916.