120 banned Books, s e econd dition CENSORSHIP HISTORIES OF WORLD LITERATURE N J K ICHOLAS . AROLIDES, M B ARGARET ALD AND D B S AWN . OVA T o the University of Wisconsin–River Falls Chalmer Davee Library staff —N. J. K. F or Jonathan, André and Daniel —M. B. T o my son, Robert Gregor —D. B. S. 120 Banned Books, Second Edition Copyright © 2011 by Nicholas J. Karolides, Margaret Bald and Dawn B. Sova All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Checkmark Books An imprint of Infobase Learning 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Karolides, Nicholas J. 120 banned books : censorship histories of world literature / Nicholas J. Karolides, Margaret Bald, and Dawn B. Sova. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-8232-2 (acid-free paper) 1. Censorship—United States—History—20th century. 2. Prohibited books—United States—History—20th century. 3. Challenged books—United States—History—20th century. 4. Censorship—History. 5. Prohibited books—United States—Bibliography. 6. Challenged books—United States—Bibliography. I. Bald, Margaret. II. Sova, Dawn B. III. Title. IV. Title: One hundred and twenty banned books. V. Title: One hundred twenty banned books. Z658.U5K35 2011 363.6'1—dc22 2011013099 Checkmark Books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can fi nd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.infobaselearning.com Text design by Cathy Rincon Composition by Julie Adams Cover printed by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Mich. Book printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Mich. Date printed: August 2011 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. C ONTENTS Introduction vii LITERATURE SUPPRESSED ON POLITICAL GROUNDS All Quiet on the Western Front The Manifesto of the Communist Erich Maria Remarque 3 Party Karl Marx and Friedrich Andersonville MacKinlay Kantor 8 Engels 105 The Appointment Herta Müller 13 Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler 112 Areopagitica John Milton 18 My Brother Sam Is Dead James Black Boy Richard Wright 22 Lincoln Collier and Christopher Burger’s Daughter Nadine Collier 123 Gordimer 31 1984 George Orwell 126 Bus Stop (Chezhan) Gao Xingjian Novel Without a Name Duong 35 Thu Huong 131 The Corpse Walker: Real Life The Prince (Il Principe) Niccolò Stories, China from the Bottom Machiavelli 137 Up Liao Yiwu 38 El Señor Presidente Miguel Angel Doctor Zhivago Boris Pasternak 44 Asturias 142 The Fugitive (Perburuan) Slaughterhouse-Five: Or, the Pramoedya Ananta Toer 49 Children’s Crusade, a Duty- Girls of Riyadh Rajaa Alsanea 53 Dance with Death Kurt The Grapes of Wrath John Vonnegut, Jr. 146 Steinbeck 57 Snow Orhan Pamuk 156 The Gulag Archipelago 1918– Spycatcher Peter Wright 160 1956 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 71 The Things They Carried Tim I Am the Cheese Robert Cormier 78 O’Brien 166 In the Spirit of Crazy Horse Peter Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Matthiessen 86 Stowe 169 Johnny Got His Gun Dalton A Woman in Berlin: Eight Weeks in Trumbo 98 The Conquered City Anonymous Kiss of the Spider Woman Manuel 175 Puig 102 LITERATURE SUPPRESSED ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS The Age of Reason Thomas Paine Infallible? An Inquiry Hans Küng 186 251 The Bible 190 The Jewel of Medina Sherry Jones The Cartoons That Shook the 254 World Jytte Klausen 196 The Koran (Qur’an) 262 Children of the Alley Naguib Lajja (Shame) Taslima Nasrin 265 Mahfouz 204 The Last Temptation of Christianity Restored Michael Christ Nikos Kazantzakis 270 Servetus 208 The New Testament William Church: Charism and Power: Tyndale, translator 274 Liberation Theology and the Ninety-fi ve Theses Martin Luther Institutional Church Leonardo 277 Boff 211 Oliver Twist Charles Dickens 282 Concerning Heretics Sebastian On the Infi nite Universe and Castellio 214 Worlds Giordano Bruno 285 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 217 On the Origin of Species Charles Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Darwin 288 World Systems Galileo Galilei 223 The Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie Essays Michel de Montaigne 226 295 Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic Stone J.K. Rowling 229 India James W. Laine 304 The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in The Talmud 311 the Arab World Nawal El The Witches Roald Dahl 314 Saadawi 236 Women Without Men: A Novel of His Dark Materials Trilogy, Book Modern Iran Shahrnush I: The Golden Compass Philip Parsipur 320 Pullman 240 Zhuan Falun: The Complete Impressions Reading Series Jack Teachings of Falun Gong Li Booth, gen. ed. 245 Hongzhi 324 LITERATURE SUPPRESSED ON SEXUAL GROUNDS Always Running—La Vida Loca: The Clan of the Cave Bear Jean Gang Days in L.A. Luis T. Auel 347 Rodriguez 331 The Epic of Gilgamesh Unknown Bless Me, Ultima Rudolfo Anaya 336 348 The Bluest Eye Toni Morrison 340 Fanny Hill, or Memoirs of a Woman Candide Voltaire 345 of Pleasure John Cleland 351 Flowers for Algernon Daniel Keyes Rabbit, Run John Updike 395 355 The Rainbow D. H. Lawrence 397 The Flowers of Evil (Les Fleurs du Sanctuary William Faulkner 400 mal) Charles Baudelaire 357 Snow Falling on Cedars David Forever Judy Blume 359 Guterson 402 Gossip Girl Series Cecily von Song of Solomon Toni Morrison Ziegesar 363 406 The Handmaid's Tale Margaret Sophie’s Choice William Styron 409 Atwood 366 Tess of The D’urbervilles Thomas How the García Girls Lost Their Hardy 412 Accents Julia Alvarez 369 Their Eyes Were Watching Lady Chatterley’s Lover D. H. God Zora Neale Hurston 415 Lawrence 374 This Boy's Life Tobias Wolff 420 Lolita Vladimir Nabokov 378 Twilight Series Stephenie Meyer Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert 423 382 Ulysses James Joyce 427 Native Son Richard Wright 384 Women in Love D. H. Lawrence 431 The Perks of Being a Wall- fl ower Stephen Chbosky 391 LITERATURE SUPPRESSED ON SOCIAL GROUNDS The Absolutely True Diary of a The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Part-Time Indian Sherman Chaucer 473 Alexie 435 Catch-22 Joseph Heller 477 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Catcher in the Rye J. D. Mark Twain 441 Salinger 480 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Color Purple Alice Walker 484 Mark Twain 448 Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury 487 And Tango Makes Three Justin A Farewell To Arms Ernest Richardson and Peter Parnell 451 Hemingway 489 Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Girl Anne Frank 455 Explores the Hidden Side of The Autobiography of Benjamin Everything Steven D. Levitt and Franklin Benjamin Franklin Stephen J. Dubner 493 457 Gorillas in the Mist Dian Fossey 497 The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Great Gatsby F. Scott Malcolm X, with Alex Haley 460 Fitzgerald 499 The Bell Jar Sylvia Plath 462 Heather Has Two Mommies Leslea Beloved Toni Morrison 465 Newman 502 Brave New World Aldous Huxley I Know Why The Caged Bird 470 Sings Maya Angelou 504 The Kite Runner Khaled Hosseini A Separate Peace John Knowles 506 529 Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman 515 The Sun Also Rises Earnest Lord of the Flies William Golding Hemingway 531 518 To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck 534 521 Welcome to the Monkey House Kurt One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Vonnegut, Jr. 537 Ken Kesey 526 Index 541 Introduction For centuries, books have been banned, suppressed, and censored because of political, religious, sexual, and social reasons, according to the tastes and beliefs of a particular era or a locale. As times change, formerly banned books become acceptable or even “classic,” while once-acceptable books are challenged, as the appearance of James Joyce’s Ulysses and D. H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover in college courses as required reading and the roller- coaster history of Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn attest. In many cases, the same book has been banned at different times for different reasons, as is the case with Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, Voltaire’s Candide, and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. The books do not change, but the social climate does. This updated edition of 120 Banned Books contains entries covering more than 2,000 years of censorship. Entries new to this edition range from best- selling works of popular fi ction, such as the young-adult Twilight and Gos- sip Girl series, to highly acclaimed works of undeniable literary value, such as Beloved by Toni Morrison, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, and The Appointment by Herta Müller, winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in literature. Entries from the past edition have been updated to refl ect new challenges. Each week brings new reports of challenges to books. In 2011, that may seem diffi cult to believe, but the reality remains. Parents and librarians are often shocked to hear that books in the Harry Potter series have been chal- lenged in such diverse regions of the country as Massachusetts, California, and Georgia, yet some suggest that other books would be better banned, according to their own beliefs, biases, and prejudices. In some cases, readers who defend controversial works by academics, such as Stephen J. Dubner and Steven D. Levitt’s Freakonomics, are quick to condemn Philip Pullman’s tril- ogy His Dark Materials as unacceptably anti-religious. vviiii 120 BANNED BOOKS As readers of the censorship histories in 120 Banned Books will realize, the reasons for which these books have been banned, suppressed, and censored are often highly subjective, and the success or failure of efforts to ban, sup- press, or censor books depends more upon how vocal the challengers are than upon the merits of the book. All books by an author who has offended in one book might be condemned, as was the case for Honoré de Balzac, or an author’s lifestyle or politics may result in the banning of works, as occurred for Oscar Wilde and Dalton Trumbo. Threats to parental authority also drive challenges, as they have in regard to such diverse books as J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Although the major- ity of challenges today in the United States occur in schools or public libraries, they are not limited to these venues. 120 Banned Books contains comprehensive information about books that have been banned, suppressed, or censored for political, religious, sexual, or social reasons across 20 centuries and in many nations. Each entry contains the author’s name, original date and place of publication, and literary form, as well as a plot summary. A separate section of each entry provides details of the censorship history of the work, followed by a list of further readings for more in-depth examination of the challenges. The entries feature books in numer- ous genres, including fi ction for children and adults, as well as nonfi ction in the forms of biographies, autobiographies, political and religious tracts, philosophical treatises, histories, and books of science. In short, no one book or no one writer is protected from would-be censors. —Dawn B. Sova, Ph.D. viii Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds The phrase suppressed on political grounds casts a shadow of a heavy-handed government blocking its citizens from receiving information, ideas, and opin- ions that it perceives to be critical, embarrassing, or threatening. This image, unfortunately, is too often reality. It is not, however, limited to dictatorships such as those of Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany, Joseph Stalin’s Communist Soviet Union, Suharto’s Indonesia, Augusto Pinochet’s Chile, and Sani Aba- cha’s Nigeria. The political turbulence of the 1990s dismantled several of these, establishing more open government in Indonesia, Chile, Nigeria, and Russia. The governments of democracies, however, also participate in attempts to cen- sor such critical material in order to protect their own perceived state security. Indeed, repression of freedom of expression has been a signifi cant operative factor in South Africa of the apartheid era, in pre-1990 South Korea, in Turkey, in postcommunist Ukraine, and recently in Russia. It is a factor, as well, in the United Kingdom and the United States today. Further, the impression that censorship for political reasons emanates only from national governments is mistaken. Another common source of such activity, notably in the United States, is at the local community level, generated by school board members or citizens, individually or in groups, who attack textbooks and fi ction used in schools or available in school librar- ies. In contrast to censorship challenges at the national level, challenges at the local level are aimed at the political values and images that children are receiving. In past decades, the chief targets were socialism, communism, and the portrayal of the Soviet Union. A companion concern was the portrayal of the United States. At the center of such objections was the fear that the Soviet Union would be viewed too positively or the United States too negatively. Continuing in the present, examining fl aws in American society is deemed unpatriotic to critics, who become concerned when past and present policies of their government are questioned in school textbooks and library books. 1