International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration, ISSN: 2582-8649, Vol. 2, No.1, January 2022 A Study on Higher Education System in st 21 Century Dr. Maheshwarappa. M Guest Faculty,Department of Philosophy, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India Corresponding Author: [email protected] DOI: 10.52984/ijomrc2112 ABSTRACT Higher education comprises all post-secondary education, training and research guidance at education institutions such as universities that are authorized as institutions of higher education by state authorities. It has long been recognized that higher education institutions, particularly universities, are among the most stable and change resistant social institutions to have existed during the past 500 years. Based on the model of the physical campus, residential students, face to face student-teacher interaction, a lecture format, and ready access to written texts, these institutions have effectively developed and transmitted the store of knowledge from one generation to another. They have fulfilled this responsibility in the midst of political and social upheaval, social development, and technological advancement while remaining essentially unchanged in structure and method. The research paper major objectives of study on proven model retain its resilience and relevance in the 21st century. Key Words: Higher Education, New Education Ploicy-2019 INTRODUCTION higher education system has undergone Education in India is seen as massive expansion in post independent one of the ways to upward social India with a national resolve to mobility. Good education is seen as a establish several universities, technical stepping stone to a high flying career. institutes, research institutions and India possesses a highly developed professional / non-professional higher education system which offers colleges all over the country to facility of education and training in generate and disseminate knowledge. almost all aspects of human creative During the past twenty years, a and intellectual endeavors. Indian new paradigm of the function of higher 109 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration, ISSN: 2582-8649, Vol. 2, No.1, January 2022 education in society has gradually Universities/University level emerged. Gone, it seems, is the high- Institutions & Colleges since mindedness of a von Humboldt or a independence. The ‘Right to Education Newman, with its pursuit of knowledge Act’ which stipulates compulsory and for its own sake. In their places has free education to all children within the been put a view of higher education in age groups of 6-14 years, has brought which universities are meant to serve about a revolution in the education society, primarily by supporting the system of the country with statistics economy and promoting the quality of revealing a staggering enrolment in life of its citizens. While it is true that schools over the last four years. The universities still retain their role as the involvement of private sector in higher "conscience of society," the critical education has seen drastic changes in function of universities has been the field. Today over 60% of higher displaced in favour of a more education institutions in India are pragmatic role in terms of the promoted by the private sector. This provision of qualified manpower and has accelerated establishment of the production of knowledge. These institutes which have originated over changes are not notional. Rather, they the last decade making India home to are intended to have direct practical the largest number of Higher Education impact on the behaviour and institutions in the world, with student functioning of higher education enrolments at the second highest institutions. The new paradigm is (Shaguri, 2013).The number of bringing in its train a new culture of Universities has increased 34 times accountability as is evidenced by the from 20 in 1950 to 677 in 2014. spread of managerialism and an ethos Despite these numbers, international of value for money throughout higher education rating agencies have not education systems internationally. placed many of these institutions India's higher education system within the best of the world ranking. is the world's third largest in terms of Also, India has failed to produce world students, next to China and the United class universities. States. In future, India will be one of Higher education system of the largest education hubs. India's India equally has lot of opportunities to Higher Education sector has witnessed overcome these challenges and have a tremendous increase in the number of the capability to make its identity at 109 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration, ISSN: 2582-8649, Vol. 2, No.1, January 2022 international level. However, it needs scene and the muslins established their greater transparency and own institutions of higher learning accountability, the role of universities which were known as Madrasas. and colleges in the new millennium, Unfortunately these traditions did not and emerging scientific research on survive and the modern higher how people learn is of utmost educational institutions were important. India provides highly skilled established during British period. people to other countries therefore; it is After the recommendations of very easy for India to transfer our wood’s Dispatch, 1854, modern type of country from a developing nation to a universities was established in the developed nation. model of the London University. The earliest of these were the universities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras-all founded in 1857, which were set up HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM under British rule. IN INDIA The universities of Punjab and Ancient sages of India had Allahabad were incorporated in the preserved Indian culture in achieving lines of the old universities in 1882 and highest knowledge and perfection in 1887. By 1901-02, during Lord like, which aims at crating and Curzon’s viceroyalty, there was rapid developing a national system of expansion of College Education. education having expressed universal In 1913, the Government of love, unity and harmony. Lord Hardinge, issued a resolution and Ancient history records that accepted the need for establishing more India has developed well system of universities. Is a result of these policy higher education with the modern six new Universities, Banaras and university process. Takshashila, Mysore in 1916, Patna in 1917, Nalanda, Vikramasila, the prominent Hyderabad in 1918, S.N.D.T women’s universities in the world were running university in 1916, came into in ancient India during 6th century B.C existence. and 4th and 5th centuries AD respectively. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY During medieval period most of the universities disappeared from the 110 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration, ISSN: 2582-8649, Vol. 2, No.1, January 2022 1. To study on problems and within urban and rural areas of the prospects of higher education same countries, between the wealthy system in India. and the poor, males and females, and 2. To analyses the New among different ethnic groups. Education Policy-2019 issues and Challenges in India. NEW EDUCATION POLICY-2019 Revamp the higher education IMPORTANCE OF HIGHER system, create world class EDUCATION multidisciplinary higher education The knowledge and technology institutions across the country - society demands are extremely varied. increase GER to at least 50% by 2035. But at the same time, the speed of Higher education is a critical technological innovation has increased contributor to sustainable livelihoods and the period of usefulness for and economic development of the particular knowledge and technology nation. Higher education also plays a has shortened. Because of this, it is large and equally important role in necessary to have a system for improving human well being, and continually gathering and choosing developing India as envisioned in the among the knowledge and technology Constitution - a democratic, just, and renewing it, and further developing socially conscious, self aware, the opportunities for lifelong cultured, and humane nation, with education. liberty, equality, fraternal spirit, and Higher education is a global justice for all. Higher education aims to level, higher education also changed serve as a hub for developing ideas and from the elite style prevalent earlier to innovations that enlighten individuals mass higher education. Also, trends and help propel the country forward towards greater diversity among socially, culturally, artistically, students and institutions and towards scientifically, technologically, and lifelong education have progressed. economically. This movement towards mass India has over 800 universities education can be seen as a worldwide and approximately 40,000 colleges, trend. However, it is not uniform; there reflecting the overall severe are gaps between the situations in fragmentation and small size of HEIs developing and developed countries, currently in the country. Remarkably, 111 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration, ISSN: 2582-8649, Vol. 2, No.1, January 2022 over 40% of all colleges in the country Problems of Higher Education run only a single programme, far from System in India the multidisciplinary style of higher Unfortunately, we are lacking education that will be required in the hugely in terms of quality output from 21st century. In fact, over 20% of our higher education institutes. This colleges have enrolment below 100, can be confirmed from the fact that while only 4% of colleges have barring exception of few institutes enrolment over 3000 (AISHE 2016- mentioned above very little world class 17). To make matters worse, thousands research gets published from other of the smaller colleges hardly have any institutes, very few new innovations teaching faculty at all, and there is little comes from Indian soil. or no education taking place - thus affecting severely the integrity of the Improving Quality of Higher higher education system in the country. Education Thus, regarding the structure 1. In India, the first step towards of higher education, this Policy places improvement should be taken the highest emphasis on moving to at school level with aptitude large multidisciplinary universities. tests being introduced to know The ancient Indian universities of where the interest of the Takshashila and Nalanda which had student lies. These students thousands of students from India and should then be encouraged to the world studying in such vibrant join those fields of interest. multidisciplinary environments, and 2. E-Learning appears to be a fast modern universities today, amply emerging mode of global entry demonstrate the great success that such at the present time. The large multidisciplinary research Universities and other universities can bring. It is time that Institutions of higher education India brings back this great Indian can design their web sites for tradition, that is needed more today offering online education than ever to create well-rounded and worldwide. innovative individuals, and which is 3. Indian institutions and already transforming other countries regulators should restore educationally and economically. transparency, coherence and confidence in the higher 112 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration, ISSN: 2582-8649, Vol. 2, No.1, January 2022 education system both at home inadequate, out-of-date. Higher and abroad. education can play an instrumental role in the achievement of these outcomes CONCLUSION through the creation of knowledge Education is a process by networks, research and innovation which a person’s body, mind and centers, corporate-backed institutions, character are formed and strengthened. and support for faculty development. It is bringing of head, heart and mind Society as a whole must support together and thus enabling a person to education at all levels, including higher develop an all round personality education, given its role in promoting identifying the best in him or her. sustainable economic, social and Higher education in India has cultural development. expanded very rapidly in the last six decades after independence yet it is not REFERENCES equally accessible to all. India is today 1. Gogoi, L, (2010), Developing one of the fastest developing countries Employability: A Task Ahead of the world with the annual growth for Higher Education rate going above 9%. Still a large Institutions. University News, section of the population remains Vol. 48, No. 28. illiterate and a large number of 2. Dr. J D Singh, Higher children’s do not get even primary Education in The 21st Century: education. 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