033 FLIGHT PLANNING & FLIGHT MONITORING © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. This publication shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the author's prior consent. Produced and Published by the CLICK2PPSC LTD EDITION 2.00.00 2001 This is the second edition of this manual, and incorporates all amendments to previous editions, in whatever form they were issued, prior to July 1999. EDITION 2.00.00 © 1999,2000,2001 G LONGHURST The information contained in this publication is for instructional use only. Every effort has been made to ensure the validity and accuracy of the material contained herein, however no responsibility is accepted for errors or discrepancies. 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Contents. web site. pages. © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide TABLE OF CONTENTS VFR Flight Planning Meteorology Services for Aviation Flight Briefing Charts Low and Medium Level Charts Flight Planning and Monitoring Multi-Engined Piston Aeroplane Flight Planning ICAO – ATC Flight Plan Approach Charts The Selection of Altitudes and Routes Mean Wind Component and Mean Fuel Flow © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide TABLE OF CONTENTS Fuel Efficiency Calculations Upper Wind and Temperature Charts Upper Air Charts Usability of Aerodromes Medium Range Jet Transport (MRJT) Point of Equal Time (PET) Point of Safe Return The Flight Progress Chart Computerised Flight Planning Extended Range Twin Operations © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide VFR Flight Planning The Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) Airspace Planning Considerations Chapter Page 1 © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide VFR Flight Planning VFR Flight Planning 1 1. Detailed planning for a cross country VFR flight can vary depending upon the type of flight. However, there are a number of fundamental considerations, no matter what the nature of the flight, and certain information must be obtained before the flight is undertaken. The primary source of this information is the Aeronautical Information Service (AIS). The Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) 2. Within ICAO a standard AIS should be provided in every Contracting State. It is responsible for collecting, collating, editing and publishing aeronautical information. The AIS provides a pre-flight information service and supports the need for in-flight information. It has to ensure that information necessary for the safety, regularity or efficiency of air navigation is available in a form suitable for the use of flight operations personnel, flight crews and air traffic service units responsible for the flight information service. 3. This aeronautical information is published as an Integrated Aeronautical Information Package which consists of the following elements: (cid:127) Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP), including the amendment services (cid:127) Supplements to the AIP (cid:127) NOTAM and pre-flight information bulletins (PIB) (cid:127) Aeronautical Information Circulars (AIC) (cid:127) Checklists and summaries Chapter 1 Page 1 © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide VFR Flight Planning Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) 4. This publication issued by the authority of a State contains aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation. The AIP is divided into three mains sections, the General (GEN), the En-route Section (ENR) and the Aerodrome Directory (AD) section. Wherever a State deviates from ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures, it must formally state these differences. (UK differences are described in the UK AIP GEN section). 5. The amendments to this document, that may be referred to in a NOTAM or AIC, are known as AIRAC AIP Amendment which detail permanent operationally significant changes to the AIP. A non-AIRAC AIP Amendment details a permanent non-operationally significant change to the AIP. Supplements to the AIP 6. AIP Supplements contain items of a temporary nature only. They must have operational significance and may contain extensive, comprehensive text or graphics the content of which may preclude ‘complete’ promulgation by NOTAM. NOTAM 7. A NOTAM (Notice to airmen) contains information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations. 8. All operationally significant information not covered by AIP Amendment or AIP Supplement will be issued as a NOTAM via the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications System (AFS). Chapter 1 Page 2 © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide VFR Flight Planning 9. All operationally significant changes issued as AIRAC AIP Amendments, AIP Supplements or AIC will be additionally announced by NOTAM. These NOTAM give an abbreviated description of the change or condition together with the effective dates and the AIRAC Amendment, Supplement or AIC reference number. These ‘trigger’ NOTAM ensure that entries appear in Pre-Flight Information Bulletins to bring the information to the attention of aircrew. Pre–flight Information Bulletins (PIB) 10. These bulletins are a presentation of current NOTAM information of operational significance. This data may be available by post, facsimile or screen based services and via direct access facilities. General, Aerodrome and Navigational Warning Bulletins for geographically pre- determined areas of coverage are also available. Aeronautical Information Circulars (AIC) 11. These notices contain information that does not qualify for the origination of a NOTAM or for inclusion in the AIP but which relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters rather than those of an operational nature. 12. AICs are also used to publish advanced warnings of impending operational changes and to add expansion or emphasis on matters of safety or operational significance. 13. To facilitate the use of AIC in the UK, they are printed on different colours of paper according to their subject matter: Chapter 1 Page 3 © G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide