*Y GLOSSARY. Acharam = Established custom: dues. Acharam-thirkka = (To pay the dues). To divorce, generally applied to Tiyan divorcea. =Azd hTihge abreia d of the Amsam, or parish. Adima = Feudal dependency of a Nayar upon his patron. Slavery. Adiyan = A Slave. The Sudra=Nayar Sub-Division term themselves the adiyans of their Nambudiri landlords. Agathu Charnathu = A large sub-division of the Nayar caste. Adherents of the Rajahs : formerly employed iu household service. Agatha Vekkuga = (Agathu=Inside, Vekkuga=Tokeep). A preliminary part of the Talikettu ceremony, during which the girl is kept apart in a room as if unclean. Aliya-santanam = (A]iya=nephew, and Santanam=descent) Sister's issue. Inheritance in the female line. Canarese equivalent of Marumakkathayam. Ambalavasi = (Dweller in the temple) The name embraces the many sub divisions of Nayars who are temple servants- Amamman = Uncle. Karanavan. Ammayi = Karanavan's {generally uncle's) wife. Amsam = (Share, shire). Part of a Taluk. Village, parish. Anacharam = Irregularity established by Custom—applied to certain practices observed by Nambudris and eschewed by other Brahmans. Anandaravan = (He who comes after). Next relation, successor, heir. Antarjanam = (Antar = Inside, Janam = person). A term applied to Nambudri women who live in seclusion. Anthuran = A sub division of Nayars, potters by hereditary profession. Arappura = Closet. Treasury. Arayal = Ficus religiosa. Arppu = Shouting—acclamation, (at the Talikettu procession.) Arthadannam = An expiatory ceremony performed among the NayTars of North Malabar to remove the taint brought on a family by a mesalliance. Ashtamangalyam = The eight auspicious articles offered to a bride or honoured guest. There is much uncertainty as to what they are. Probably rice, cloth, money, fire, milk, ghee, cocoanut, and a weapon : or symbols of these. Athazham, A*»hazham = Supper. The feast on the evening of the 1 st day of Talikettu. ttttu Athikurishi One of the sub-divisions of the Nayar caste,-who remove defilement after death or birth. * * Attaiadakkam (Taking when extinct). Remote relationship. Right of succession (byr virtue of distant relationship) to a divided branch of a tarawad when that branch becomes extinct. » = Feasting of the Manavalan (bwde-groom) before he ties the tali Ayani Onu (badge of marriage.) • = Sacrifice. Offering; chiefly obsequies performed by heirs. Bali Bandhu = Relation. Kinsman. Bharthavu = (He who supports) husband. = (She who has to be supported). Wife. Bharya Bijam = Seed. Semen. = (Bijam=seed, and paramparyam=succession) succession from the Bijaparamparyam father. i = (Feminine of Brahman). The name by which the Nambissan Brahmini females are called, who sing at the Talikettu Kalyanam of Nayars. Chaliyan = (Jalika=spider). Name of a caste of Marumakkathayam Sudras whose profession is weaving. Charnathu = A main sub-division of the Nayar Caste. Adherents of the Rajahs. Chayippu = An enclosed verandah behind the Padinyatta (western) room. Chela ±= A cloth worn by women. Cheppu '= A small round box with a lid. Dakshina = Gift of money to Brahmans on festive, or solemn, occasions. Danamuhurtam = An auspicious hour to make a gift (of a virgin to a man.) Dayadi = A relative. The plural embraces every member of the family how ever remote. Desakar = People of the same clam in a desam. Desam = Sub-division of an Amsam. Desa-Vazhi — The chief man of a Desam. An hereditary local authority subor dinate to Nadu-Vazhi. (Now obsolete). Dharmam = The law and its observances. The natural state. The chief virtue, Charity (Gundert). Diksha = Mourning and ceremonies for a deceased person,—usually continu ed for one year- Dosham = Evil. Sin. Taint. Edaprabhu = A petty chieftain. Ejaman = Master. Canarese term for the head of an Aliya Santanam family : equivalent to Karanavan. Elayathu = An inferior class of Brahmans who act as priests for Sudras in performing funeral obsequies &c. Enangan = (Properly Inangan from Inanguga=to agree). A Kinsman. This is a hard word to define. Sub-Judge Mr. Krishna Menon defines it as "a reconciled member of one's own clan." Of one's own clan some may be friendly, some not. The former are Enangans. The division line is apparently drawn by tradition. ErAdi _ (Er-A bullock, yoke of oxen). Cow-herd. A Sub-division of the Samantao sub-caste, formerly ruling in what is now the Ernad Taluk. The Zamorin dynasty belong to this caste. Ezhavan = Properly Izhavan. A large section of the Tiyan Caste i nPalghaut Taluk. They follow Makkathayam, and do not inter-marry with the Tiyans. Gandharvam = A love-marriage without ceremonial. Gotram = Tribe (especially of Brahmans). Grahapravesanam = (Grabam=house, Pravesa*ham=entering.) The ceremony of taking the wife for the first time to her husband's house. Grahini = House-wife. Gramam = Village. In Malabar the word especially applies to the 64 Nambudri colonies, who are supposed to have divided the land between them. • Gunadosham = (Gunam=good, and dosham=bad.) One of the terms used in Malabar to denote the tie between a man and the woman with whom he cohabits. • = A sacrifice : oblation to the god Agni. Homam Illakar = Persons of the same Illam, or lineage. Illam = A Nambudri's house, or family. The Maruraakkathayam Tiyans and Mukkuvans also speak of their illam, meaning lineage. Janmam = The Malabar free-hold proprietary right. Janmi = Land-lord. Kalam = A pot with wide mouth. Kalam = A farm-house : Granary. Kalari = A gymnasium. A place of martial exercise, generally dedicated to the goddess Bhagavathi. Kalasam = Consecrated water. Kalasakumbham = A brass vessel in which water for purification is kept. Kalyanakutti — The bride. The girl undergoing the Talikattu ceremony. Kalyanam — Marriage. Kanapanam — The term used by North Malabar Tiyans to represent a sum of money paid by the bridegroom to the bride's uncle. Should be returned if the woman desert^ the man. or misconducts herself. Kanisan — An astrologer. A sub-caste of the Tiyans, who monopolize the astrological business in Malabar. Kanyikalam = (Etymology uncertain) A girl at her first menstruation. Kappu — (From Kakkuga=to protect) a bracelet, bangle. A charm, or amulet, tied on the girl's arm at Talikettu. What it symbolizes seems uncertain. • Karanavan — Senior male in a tarawad, aud therefore its head and manager. Kattilsthanam — (Bedstead-belongings). Furniture and moveables sometimes given to a Nayar "widow" and her children, by the heirs of her deceased "husband." Kavuthichi = Barber woman of the Tiyan Casie. Keralam or Kerala= The Western coast from Gokarnam to Cape Comorin, comprising Travancore, Cochin, Malabar and part of South Canara. 4 A ™vthW history of Keralam fti Sanskrit, verse—never printed— Kerala-Mahatmyam = A m ^ a ™^ 150 or 200 .years old. - A history of Malabar in Malayalam—author unknown—about Keralolpathi ~~ 200 years old-one version printed by the German Mission- several versions extant. = Betrothal ceremony among Tiyans of North Malabar, at which Kettikurikkuga some fanams are paid by the bride-groom s party to the bride's Karanavan. Kettiyaval = She who is tied. Wife. = (Kettuga=to tie) He who ties, and is tied ; hence husband. Kettiyavan = A term for "Marriage" amongst the Nayars of Palghaut and Kidakkura parts of Wallawanad. Its etymology is disputed. Probably a corruption of Kidakka + mura=right of cohabitation. = A small sub-division of the Nayar Caste whose profession is to Kidaran work in leather. . = A water-vessel with a spout, generally of bellmetal. Kindi Kinnam = A small metal plate turned-up at the rim. Kiriyam = (Tadbhavam from fgraham'=a house) The name of the highest Sub-division of the Nayars. Koil Tamburan = A nobleman of Travancore of the Kovil-pandala Caste, with whom the Ranis of Travancore Maha Raja's palace may consort. Kolathiri = A title of the Raja of Chirakkal. Korapuzha = A river flowing into the sea seven miles, North of Calicut, and forming the traditional boundary between North and South Malabar. Kottapuzha = A river between Quilanay and Badagara in the Kurumbranad Taluk. Kovilagam r= Palace, Dwelling place of the Malabar royal families. Kshetraparamparyam (Kshetram=field, and paramparyam=succession) succession through the field i. e. in the mother's line. Kshetram = Ground ; field. In modern use it means a temple. Kulam = Clan, family : race; tribe. Kulangara Pattu = (Tank-bank-song) Part of the Tali-Kettu (or mock-marriage) cere mony in which a procession is made to the tank, where the bride bathes and the Brahmini sings songs. Machambi = Brother-in-law ; fellow Caste-man (used in Travancore.) Madavan = The name of a Sub-division of Nayars in North Malabar. Madham = The house of a Pattar (East Coast) Brahman. Also applied to out houses of Nayar families, allotted for the use of Brahmans where they can eat without defilement. Makkathayam = The ordinary law of inheritance from father to son. • Makkathayee = One who follows Makkathayam. A coined word'used by the people of Cochin and Travancore. Malayali = A native of Malabar, used of all whoso mother tongue is Malayalam. Mana * = (Manu=to live.) The residence or mansion of a Nambiidripad. ManalanorManavalan= (Manam^wedding) Bridegroom. The name given to th emock- * husband at the TaTi-kattu»mock-marriaffe. Manalapilla = Same as Manalan or Manavalan. Mangalam — Marriage. Matrimony. A term used by the Tiyans of North Malabar. Mangalyam = Auspicious. The marriage token. t Mangalya S tit ram = (Auspicious thread.) The Tali and thread by which it is tied round the neck. Mannan = Tiyan washerman. Mannathi — Tiyan washerwoman. Mantram = A mystic verse or incantation. Mantravadi or = New unbleached cloth with which girls undergoing Talikettu •Mantrakodi Kalyanam are invested at a certain part of the ceremonies. Maran, Marayan, or = Drummers. A class of temple Sudras, the higher section of which perform purification for Brahmans, and the lower per Marar form menial services in temples. Marumakkathayam — The law of inheritance through the female line. Marumakkathayee — One who follows Marumakkathayam. A coined word used by the people of Travancore and Cochin. Custom. Proper behaviour. Maryada = Mattu = A cloth brought by the washer-woman, in which the bride is clad after the days of her seclusion, at her Tali-kettu. Mattu-kacha = (Mattuka=to change, to put a stop to, and Kacha-cloth.) Cloth sent to a woman by her husband as symbolical of divorce. Melcliilavu r= Pocket money. Allowance for extras besides food and clothes. Menon — (From Men=what is above superior.) A title conferred by the Zamorin on some of his agents and writers. All the males of the Agatha Charna Nayars now adopt the title. In Malabar the Village Curnam is called Menon. — The propitious moment determined by astrologers. Muhurtam A piece of cadjan (palm-leaf) on which the Kanisan, or astrologer, Muhurta-Chartu = inscribes the Muhurtam, or auspicious time. = A fan, or winnow, to sift grain. Mnram A class of Brahmans in Malabar, inferior to a Nambudri. Muthathu or Mussad (Nadu=Middle) Middleman. The bride-groom's best-man at a Nadukkaran = Tiyan wedding in North Malabar. (Nad=country and vazhuga=to govern) Governor of a province. Naduvazhi = Name giVen to petty chiefs under the old Rajahs. A quadrangular building with an inner courtyard. Nalukettu • = A clnss of temple servants whose business it is to make garlands, Nambissan = and perform ceremonies for Sudras. Nambudiri or = The Malabar Brahman .. Nambudri Ahead Nambudiri. The affix pod denotes superiority»in rank Nambudiripad wealth and influence. = The Sudras of Kerala. The w*ord is akin to Naik and Naidu, and Nayar signifies a leader, a soldier. » — A class of Samantans formerly ruling in Nedunganad (south part Nedungadi of present Walluwan&d Taluk.) = An honorific title of the ladies of certain high Nayar families. Netyar N=i rMaeacshuur-ev efruJlpfu of paddy, or rice, placed in front of lit lamps on the occasion of ceremonies. N=i r(aFu-lnla-znhaiz h=i .) The same as nirachu-veppu. The Nazhi is a small local measure ^ of a para. N=i r(aFu-lpla rpaa r=a ). The same as Nirachu veppu. The para is a local measure. * Nyayam kodukkuga = (Nyayam=right, kodukkuga=to give) A term used for divorce among the Marumakkathayam Tiyans of North Malabar. OTnhaem n ational feast on the New-moon of September, when Parasu- Rama is said to revisit Kerala Padinyatta = The western room in a house generally considered holy, and only used as a bed room at weddings etc. The sanctuary of ances tors. (Gundert.) AP acllliacshsa no f Nayars, hereditary palanquin-bearers of the Rajahs. WPeadnddianlg, booro tKha.l yana Pandal TPaakniinggr athhaen avmir gin's hand in marriage. Part of the Brahman marriage ceremony. AP afpepmaanlie of Nambissan caste, same as Brahmini. The women of this caste are engaged to sing a tNayar weddings. AP asreits,h ao r class, of people : generally applied to the Agathu Charna division of Nayars. Parisham Cheyga = (To form connection). A term for marriage used by the Maru makkathayam Tiyans of North Malabar. 'Parisham' is the Tadbhavam corruption of the Sanskrit ' sparsam' = connexion (Gundert). Pattamma (Pattu=song and amma-=woman). A songstress, applied to the Brahmini who sings at the Talikettu-Kalyanam. Pattar The name given to foreign Brahmans. There is a great colony of them at Palghaut. Pattum Valayum (Gift of silk-cloth and bracelet). Name of the ceremony gone Kodukkal through when a Rajah forms an alliance with a girl. Penkettu (Pen=woman, and Kettnga=to tie (taii) ). Same as Talikettu. Penvazhcha Marriage. A term sometimes used by Tiyans of North Malabar. Pillai The term used for Manavalan (bride-groom) in some parts of South Malabar. A caste name of certain Nayars in Travancore- Pinda A rice-ball offered to the dead. Oblations to the deceased. Pinnam Funeral cake. Pisharodi A class of temple servants. Poduval A class of temple seivauts. • Porlatiri A tm- of the senior Rajah of Kadathanad (north of Korapuzha Potti = A patron or protector. The term by which the Nambudris are • called by Nayars in so^ne parts of Malabar. =P rAautmhaonriatmy . Pramani = A chief, head-man ; influential person. Prayaschittam = Atonement, or expiation for breach of caste rules (by pavinc a fine or otherwise.) % J n Pudamuri, or = (Pudava=woman's cloth, and muri=cutting). A "Marriage" cere Pudavamuri mony performed among the Nayars in North Malabar. The signification of the term "cloth-cutting" is obscure and dis putable. Pula == Pollution by the occurrence of a birth or death. Pulasambandham = Relationship such as to entail pollution on the occurrence of a birth or death. .Punyaham = Consecrated water; holy water; Purification of wells, tanks persons etc. (Gundert). =P uAr laengaen d. Old history. Purathu Charnathu = A Sub-division of the Charna division of Nayars. Rajah's fol lowers, not engaged in menial service. Piirnakumbham = (Purnam=full and Kumbham=vessel) A vessel filled with holy water. Pushpagan = A Sudra class of (emple-servants, who supply flowers and garlands to the temple. Pushpiithi or = (Pushpam=flower). One of the many names of the women of Pushppini Nambissan caste who make garlands for temples, and assist at Nayar ceremonies- =P u(tPurtarvana=ksaons aamnd avakasara=right). A term applied in North Malabar to that portion of a man's self-acquisitions which his tarawad on his death sometimes allows to his children. I) A A = The name of a sub-division of Nayars whose profession is trade. fa van (Corruption of Vyabari). Sadacharam = Good old custom ; courtesy. =S aIlnvkiatrataimo n. Invitation made to a newly "married" couple by their relations after wedding. Used among Marumakkathayam Tiyans of North Malabar, =S aAm tainttlea na dopted by a few high and wealthy families, who claim to be above the Sudras, and to be a separate caste between the Sudras and the Brahmans. Saniavarthanam = A ceremony which should be performed by Brahman students on completion of their studies preliminary to entering on a family life. Sambandhakaran — The Nayar equivalent for "husband." Sambandham = (Lit: connexion). The term used by the Nayars of South Malabar t to denote that a man and woman are united. Samskaram' = Consecration. Initiation- Saptapadi = (The seven steps). Part of the Brahminical marriage ceremony on completion of which the marriage is irrevocable. Seshagar = (S§sha-Remaining). Survivors. Seshakriya = Funeral obsequies Shradha — Offering to the manes. . = (Hearing). Holy text, generally applied to the Vedas. Shrudi - A ceremony performed in the 4th, 5th, or 6 th month of pregnancy. Simantham (North Malabar.) Smrithi ^ — (Remembered.) •Tradition. Sthani = A man of rank, or office- Sudhabhojanam — (Purifying meal)- Same as Ardhadannam. Sudra Nayar = A Sub-division of Nayars, dependentsjof Nambudris- Swarupakkar — A class of Nayars in Travancore. Talam = A large brass dish. Talappoli = A feast or offering to Bhagavati, when girls march in procession and offer a plate of rice. Now applied to a procession of . girls carrying a plate of rice and a lighte dwick, on any auspicious occasion. Tali = A neck ornament worn as the badge of marriage. i Tambulam = Betel generally presented to elders and friends on occasions of marriage etc Tanda = A head man of Tiyans appointed by the Raja to direct then- an marriages, funerals, feasts etc. Tantram = (Gesticulations) ritual ceremonies. Tarawad = A Marumakkathayam family consisting of all the descendants in the female line of one common female ancestor. Tavazhi = (Tamil Tayi=Mother, and. vazhi=wa.y or line) A branch of a family consisting of a mother aud her issue- Thekke muri — Southern room of the house Thiruvathira A fasting day for females in the month of Dhanu (December- = January.) Thorasseri puzha — Identical with Korapuzha. Thumba Phlomis, or Leucas Indica. A plant sacred to Siva Tiratti Vekkuga — Part of the ceremonial preliminary to Tali-kettu. Placing the girl in seclusion as if menstruating. Tirumalpad — A Sub-division of the Samantans. Tiyan — (Islander). A numerous caste below the Sudras whose hereditary profession is toddy drawing. Immigrants from Ceylon— supposed to have introduced the cocoanut palm . Trikkakarappan = An idol of mud, made in the shape of a cone and placed in front of houses on the occasion of the Onam festival. LT ralan = Trustee of an endowed temple- • trah = A Sub-division of Nayars whose profession is to cutlaterite stones. Stone-masons. brill, = Cald«3n to boil 4 or •> measures of rice, generally made of brass or bell-metal- "Ozhaui (fonikkuga •= (Uzham=»tum, and porukkuga-to cohabit.) The name of a. form '•marriaga" obtaining in parts of North Malabar. Vaidlgan = One who is versed in the VSdas. Valayma = Defilement by a birth : also^by a death of a very remote relative. Valinchiyan = ^lafabl^11 ba*ber8' am°ng Najar3' are known iD North Valiseri kottai = A celebrated temple situated in Calicut Taluk about 10 miles North East of Calicut. Val-kannadi =9 A circular bell-metal looking glass with a handle' which a eirl undergoing Tali-kettu kalyanam holds in her hand. Vamsham = Clan; tribe ; lineage. Vaniyan = A class of sudras whose profession is to manufacture oil. Vannan or = Washerman. The former is gene/ally used for the washerman of Vannathan Tiyan and other inferior classes, and the latter for the washer man of Nayars. Variyezhutha = Preparation of an estimate of Talikettu expenses by caste-men (South Malabar.) Vastradanam == (Vastram=Cloth, and danam=gift.) Gift of cloth. Modern name for the ' Puda-muri' ceremony. Vattekat or = A Sub-division of the Nayar caste whose business is to supply oil Vattekadan to the temples. Veli — Brahman marriage before the holy fire: applied only to Brahman and Kshatriya marriages. Veluthedan — (Vebippikkuga=to whiten.) Sudra Washerman for Brahmans temples and Nayars of the higher divisions. Verumpattam — Simple lease. Vettila-kettu = (Betel-bundle.). The ceremony, observed by the Sudras of North Malabar, in taking the bride to the bridegroom's house for the first time after " Pudamuri". Vidaram kairal zs: (Vidaram=house Kairal=entry.) A form of "marriage" in North Malabar. Vilakkathalavan = Sudra barber for Brahmans and the higher division of Nayars. Virunnu = Visit. Vishu = The Malabar Hindu New year's day. Vivaham — Marriage of Brahmans. Variyar = (Sweepers). A Sub-division of the Ambalavasis or temple-servants. Yagam = Sacrifice. Yavari = (Corruption of Vyabari) see R&vari. A class of Nayars who aro traders. Yogam ^: An assembly. Printed »t:—" THI National Press" TA>UO«I.