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Xenophon's Spartan Constitution: Introduction. Text. Commentary PDF

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Michael Lipka XENOPHON'S SPARTAN CONSTITUTION W DE G TEXTE UND KOMMENTARE Eine altertumswissenschaftliche Reihe Herausgegeben von Siegmar Döpp, Adolf Köhnken, Ruth Scodel Band 24 Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 2002 XENOPHON'S SPARTAN CONSTITUTION INTRODUCTION. TEXT. COMMENTARY by Michael Lipka Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 2002 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft © Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Library of Congress - Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging in Publication Data Lipka, Michael: Xenophon's Spartan constitution : introduction, text, commen- tary / by Michael Lipka. - Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter, 2002 (Texte und Kommentare ; Bd. 24) ISBN 3-11-017466-9 © Copyright 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Germany. Umschlaggestaltung: Christopher Schneider, Berlin To my parents, and Elena (again) PREFACE X(enophon)'s S(partan) C(onstitution) is a major source for the historian of classical Sparta. It is of interest to the philologist due to its peculiar literary form and language. The aim of this book is to assist both the historian and the philologist in their attempt to make some sense of it. I have tried to include all relevant material that reached me before October 2001. Though the bibliography on X. and Sparta is huge and completeness far beyond reach, a missing reference does not necessarily indicate ignorance on my part. Relevance remains a debatable matter. Greek authors are abbreviated according to LSJM or in easily recognizable form, Roman authors according to the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. Where a reference is not specified, I refer to the SC. Some further points should be noted: • Plutarch's Lives are referred to according to Ziegler's Teubner edition. • The Hellenica Oxyrhynchia are quoted according to Chambers's Teubner edition, first the page number, then the line number. • Hippocrates is referred to according to Littré's edition. After the title of the work and the work numbering, the volume and the page number appear in square brackets. • Galen is quoted according to Kühn's edition, first the volume, then the page number. Bibliographical references are found in the text in an abbreviated form. The full reference is given in the bibliography at the end of the book. Periodicals are abbreviated according to L'Année philologique or in easily recognizable form. Works which are particularly or exclusively important for the restitution of the Greek text (editions, commentaries, indices) are mentioned on pp. 59-61. Cross-references to the introduction are by page numbers. Where I refer to the commentary, I give the number of the passage commented on, with the square brackets indicating the relevant section of the commentary (e.g. 1.1 [1]). A word about spelling: Greek personal names are normally rendered in their Latin or anglicized form, Greek place names or adjectives derived from Greek place names in their Greek or anglicized form. Thus I write Agesilaus, Lycurgus, Homer, but Lakedaimon, Lakonian, Athens etc. I transcribe Greek words with Roman characters, where I am not concerned with philological aspects and where the underlying Greek term remains easily recognizable. It goes without saying that consistency is impossible. All dates are BC, unless specified otherwise. This book is the translated and largely revised version of a German D.Phil, thesis, which was submitted to the Free University of Berlin in 1997. Over the years I incurred many debts: to the supervisors of the thesis, Bernd Seiden- vili Preface sticker (Berlin) and Manfred Clauss (Frankfurt / Main), furthermore to Ewen Bowie (Oxford), Paul Cartledge (Cambridge), Menelaos Christopoulos (Patras), James Diggle (Cambridge), Stephen Harrison (Oxford), Stephen Hodkinson (Manchester), Neil Hopkinson (Cambridge), Noreen Humble (Cork), Stefan Link (Paderborn), Andreas Panagopoulos (Patras), Anton Powell (Swansea), Michael Sharp (Cambridge) and many others. I am especially grateful to the editors of TuK for accepting this book into their series, most notably to Ruth Scodel for a large number of penetrating suggestions on the translation of the Greek text. Last but not least, I can only express my deepest gratitude to Sarah Newton, who proofread this book several times and improved it in countless ways. Some institutions supported this project substantially. The Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes was benevolent and unbureaucratic in offering a three- year doctoral scholarship, the Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst covered expenses and fees for two years in Oxford. A one-year grant from the Fritz Thyssen Foundation and a two-year scholarship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, though not awarded for this purpose in the first place, gave me leisure to put the book into shape. Finally, the splendid facilities of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens made writing this book a pleasant task. I dedicate this book to my parents and to Elena, my wife; to the former for encouraging and supporting me over the years, to the latter for all that and -much more than anything- the gift of four wonderful children. Patras, April 2002 M. L. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 I Xenophon's Life 3 Π Authorship 5 ΙΠ Date 9 IV Predecessors and Influences 13 a.) Lakonophilia 1 3 b.) Socrates 1 8 c.) Critias 19 d.) Herodotus 20 e.) Thucydides (Epitaphios) 21 f.) Thibron 22 g.) Lysander 23 h.) Pausanias 23 i.) Plato 24 j.) Rhetra 24 V Composition 27 VI Purpose and audience 31 VII Historicity 32 a.) In general 32 b.) Lycurgus 3 5 Vm Reception 37 IX Structure 44 X Language 46 a.) Spartan terminology 46 b.) Xenophontic diction 47 c.) Dialect, poeticism, archaism, neologism 5 1 d.) Prepositions 52 XI Style 53 ΧΠ Text 56 a.) Transmission 56 b.) Editions, commentaries, indexes 59 SIGLORUM CONSPECTUS 6 3 TEXT AND TRANSLATION 64 COMMENTARY 97 APPENDIXES 253 Appendix I: Spartan marriage 253 Appendix II: The seizure of cheese from the altar of Orthia in Xenophon and the 'diamastigosis' of the later sources 255 Appendix III: The structure of the Spartan army according to Xenophon and Thucydides 257 FIGURES 265 BIBLIOGRAPHY 269 INDEXES 285

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