University of Groningen Involvement of civil society actors in nanotechnology Krabbenborg, Lotte IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2013 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Krabbenborg, L. (2013). Involvement of civil society actors in nanotechnology: Creating productive spaces for interaction [Groningen]: University of Groningen Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). 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Download date: 11-02-2018 INVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY: CREATING PRODUCTIVE SPACES FOR INTERACTION Lotte Krabbenborg © Lotte Krabbenborg 2013 Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers BV, Enschede, Netherlands Cover by Artiq concept & design Photo cover Daisuke Hiraiwa, Skin of Spaces 02 (2009) This thesis was printed with financial support from the Netherlands Graduate Research School of Science, Technology and Modern Culture (WTMC) RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN Involvement of civil society actors in nanotechnology: creating productive spaces for interaction Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, dr. E. Sterken, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 29 november 2013 om 16.15 uur door Lotte Krabbenborg geboren op 6 december 1980 te Groenlo Promotor: Prof. dr. M.P. Gerkema Copromotores: Em. prof. dr. A. Rip Dr. H.A.J. Mulder Dr. H.J. van der Windt Beoordelingscommissie: Prof. dr.ir. W.E. Bijker Prof. dr. H.C. Moll Prof. dr. T.E. Swierstra ISBN: 978-90-367-6554 There is a crack in everything That's how the light gets in Leonard Cohen Contents Chapter 1 Nanotechnology as a topic for deliberation ........................................................................ 5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Upstream public engagement ......................................................................................................... 8 The context of upstream public engagement: deliberation and aggregation at different levels . 12 Section 1.1 Evaluation of upstream public engagement ............................................................. 17 Section 1.2 A background requirement: an adequate public sphere ......................................... 20 Section 1.3 Research design and methodology ........................................................................... 24 Philosophical study ........................................................................................................................ 25 Empirical study .............................................................................................................................. 27 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2 Spaces for assembly in and for a changing world ............................................................. 32 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Section 2.1 Dewey and Arendt on indeterminacy as a human condition .................................... 35 Section 2.2 John Dewey ............................................................................................................... 38 Section 2.3 Hannah Arendt .......................................................................................................... 45 Section 2.4 Dewey and Arendt and newly emerging technologies.............................................. 49 Section 2.5 The CTA approach: spaces to inquire into indeterminacies ...................................... 53 Section 2.6 In conclusion .............................................................................................................. 56 Chapter 3 Challenges for co-construction projects between industry and CSOs .............................. 60 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 60 Structure of the chapter ................................................................................................................ 63 Data collection ............................................................................................................................... 63 Section 3.1 Establishing a partnership ......................................................................................... 65 Section 3.2 Interaction processes during the partnership ........................................................... 68 Consultation processes with the ‘wider world’ ............................................................................. 70 Section 3.3 The wider world: reactions at the collective level .................................................... 71 Section 3.4 In conclusion .............................................................................................................. 73 1 Characteristics of the space for interaction .................................................................................. 74 Public-sphere type interactions..................................................................................................... 75 Occasion to extend the public sphere? ......................................................................................... 78 Chapter 4 Spaces for capacity building for civil society organizations .............................................. 79 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 79 Inclusive, deliberative governance for newly emerging nanotechnology .................................... 80 Structure of the chapter ................................................................................................................ 83 Data collection ............................................................................................................................... 84 Section 4.1 The NanoCap project ................................................................................................. 85 Section 4.2 Interaction processes in the NanoCap project .......................................................... 86 Inquiry and articulation of issues .................................................................................................. 87 Section 4.3 Aggregation of discussions in developing position papers ....................................... 89 Section 4.4 The closing event: a confrontation with the wider world ......................................... 91 Section 4.5 In conclusion .............................................................................................................. 93 Characteristics of the space for assembly ..................................................................................... 93 Public-sphere type interactions..................................................................................................... 94 Occasion to extend the public sphere? ......................................................................................... 96 Chapter 5 Dutch Societal Dialogue on Nanotechnology .................................................................. 100 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 100 Involving citizens in societal dialogues on NEST ......................................................................... 100 Aim of the chapter ....................................................................................................................... 102 Data collection ............................................................................................................................. 102 Section 5.1 Design and orchestration of the National Dialogue ................................................ 103 Section 5.2 The Committee and its work ................................................................................... 105 Call for proposals ......................................................................................................................... 106 Developing selection and evaluation criteria .............................................................................. 108 Monitoring of projects ................................................................................................................ 110 Section 5.3 The projects ............................................................................................................. 111 Interaction processes in the interaction spaces .......................................................................... 112 Projects providing materials ........................................................................................................ 116 2 Projects creating face-to-face or online deliberations ................................................................ 118 Section 5.4 From individual projects to official reports and policy documents ........................ 120 Section 5.5 In conclusion ............................................................................................................ 122 Occasion to extend the public sphere? ....................................................................................... 126 Chapter 6 CTA+ workshops designed as microcosms ...................................................................... 128 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 128 Bridging gaps between science and society ................................................................................ 129 Design requirements to realize the aim of CTA+......................................................................... 130 Structure of the chapter .............................................................................................................. 132 Data collection and methodology ............................................................................................... 134 Section 6.1 Workshop 1 - The lithium chip ................................................................................ 136 Real-world dynamics ................................................................................................................... 136 Sociotechnical scenario and selection of participants ................................................................ 137 Preparing and rehearsing futures: interaction dynamics in the workshop................................. 139 Effects of the workshop in the real world ................................................................................... 145 In summary .................................................................................................................................. 147 Section 6.2 Workshop 2 - Self-testing ........................................................................................ 149 Real-world dynamics ................................................................................................................... 149 Sociotechnical scenario and selection of participants ................................................................ 151 Preparing and rehearsing futures: interaction dynamics in the workshop................................. 153 Effects of the workshop in the real world ................................................................................... 157 In summary .................................................................................................................................. 158 Section 6.3 Workshop 3 - The ECG patch ................................................................................... 159 Real-world dynamics ................................................................................................................... 159 Sociotechnical scenario and selection of participants ................................................................ 160 Preparing and rehearsing futures: interaction dynamics in the workshop................................. 163 Effects of workshop in the real world ......................................................................................... 165 In summary .................................................................................................................................. 168 Section 6.4 Concluding Analysis ................................................................................................. 169 Occasion to extend the public sphere? 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