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Title: The Snow Baby A true story with true pictures Author: Josephine Diebitsch Peary Release Date: October 18, 2020 [EBook #63491] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SNOW BABY *** Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) THE SNOW BABY Marie in Fur Costume THE SNOW BABY A TRUE STORY WITH TRUE PICTURES · By Josephine Diebitsch Peary NEW YORK · FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY · PUBLISHERS Copyright, 1901 by Frederick A. Stokes Company Published October, 1901 FOURTH EDITION The University Press, John Wilson & Son Cambridge, U. S. A. Dedicated to “Her Grossmamma” “Live in Snow Houses” THE SNOW BABY “A Wonderful Land of ... Mountains, Glaciers, and Icebergs” Hundreds and hundreds of miles away in the white frozen north, far beyond where the big ships go to hunt huge black whales, there is a wonderful land of snow and ice, mountains, glaciers, and icebergs; where strange little brown people called Eskimos, dressed all in the skins of animals, live in snow houses. In summer in this wonderful land the sun never sets, but shines all the time day and night; the snow melts off the ground; blue and white and yellow flowers spring up; and soft-eyed, brown-coated reindeer wander about, cropping the short grass. The ice breaks up and drifts out to sea; glaciers or rivers of ice push forward, creaking and groaning, into the water, till enormous icebergs break off from them and float away like white ships. The blue waves dance and sparkle in the sun, and everywhere singing brooks rush down the mountains or fall in silvery cascades over the cliffs, where millions and millions of noisy seabirds come to lay their eggs. Big black walrus, larger than oxen, crawl out upon the ice, and sleep in the sun, or fight with their long ivory tusks, and bellow till you can hear them miles away. Glossy mottled seals swim in the water, and schools of narwhal, which used to be called unicorns, dart from place to place faster than the fastest steam yacht; with their long white ivory horns, longer than a man is tall, flashing like spears in and out of the water. “In Summer in this Wonderful Land” Once in a while a fierce shaggy white bear goes running over the ice-cakes, or swimming through the water in search of a poor little seal on which to dine. The Eskimos, paddling swiftly through the water in their strange skin boats, or kayaks, pursue all these animals, and kill them with harpoons and lances. In winter there is no sun at all, and for four long, long months it is dark all the time, day and night, just as it is here in the night, only the moon and stars giving light. The ground is covered deep with snow, through which the poor deer have to dig with their hoofs for a few mouthfuls of grass and moss, the sea is covered with ice five or six feet thick, the birds have flown away, and the walrus and narwhal have gone far off to the open water. Only a few hungry bears and the Eskimos with their dogs are left; and the cold is so terrible that these would freeze to death in an hour if it were not for their thick warm fur coats, and the blanket of blubber underneath. Far to the north of us, beyond the Arctic Circle, lies a land 9 10 11 12 “The Ice breaks up and drifts out to Sea” “With their Long Ivory Tusks” “Walrus Larger than Oxen” “White Ivory Horns Longer than a Man is Tall” inhabited by a little tribe of Eskimos, called Arctic Highlanders. These are the most northerly known people on the globe. “Big Ships that go to hunt Huge Whales” They are entirely dependent on their country for everything they need, and as it is very cold, and part of the year entirely without sunshine, there is very little plant life, and they live only upon the animals, using the meat for food and the skins for their clothing. During the short summer season when the sun shines, the grass and flowers grow rapidly, the birds come back and build their nests, and, alas! the mosquitoes come forth in swarms. But this lasts only a short time. Here in this wonderful land, in a little black house, under a great brown mountain, was found, one bright September day, a little snow- white baby girl with big blue eyes. And such a funny house it was where she was found. It was only one story high, the outside was covered with thick, black tarred paper, the walls were more than a foot thick, and there were lots of windows for such a small house, one wide one running right across the top of the house, just like a hot-house. This was to enable the inmates to enjoy the sunshine just as long as it lasted. All round the house was a close veranda, the walls of which were built of boxes of food, biscuits, sugar, coffee, and tea; for none of these things, in fact, nothing but meat could be bought in the country. Inside the house the little room where the baby was found was lined with soft warm blankets, and there was a bright carpet on the floor, and lots of books, and a sewing-machine, and pictures on the walls. All these things, like the boxes of food outside, had been brought in the big ship which had brought the baby’s father and mother to this strange country. The bed on which the baby lay was covered with soft warm reindeer skins, through which even the terrible cold of the long dark night could not penetrate. One window of the baby’s room looked out upon a great glacier or river of ice, and the other upon high red and brown mountains surrounding a bay in which floated lots and lots of icebergs, of the strangest and most fantastic shapes, so that you might easily imagine some of them to be the palace of the Frost King, others white ships, and in still others you might see the cruel white face of the Frost King himself. When the strange people of the land heard that a baby had been found in this house, and that, wonderful to relate, this baby was perfectly white, they came—men, women, and children—hundreds of miles, riding upon sledges drawn by wild shaggy dogs, which 13 14 15 16 “Wrapped in the Stars and Stripes” looked like wolves, to see the little stranger. These people are brown, with black shaggy hair, and dress entirely in furs both summer and winter. “Eskimos in their Strange Skin Boats” They said “OW-NAY´” and “AH-NAN-NAN” to her, at which she stared with wide-open eyes; and then they wanted to touch her to see if she was warm and not made of snow, she was so white. And if by chance she happened to smile when looking at one of them, then there was great rejoicing, for this was counted very lucky. So they called her “AH´-POO-MIK´-A- NIN-NY” (the Snow Baby), and brought her presents of fur mittens, little sealskin boots, walrus tusks, baby bear and seal skins, and many other things. It was near the end of the Snowland summer when the baby was born, and six weeks afterwards the sun went away to be gone all through the long winter night of four months. Just before he went baby was taken for her first outing. It was very, very cold, the thermometer far below the freezing-point, and the ground was covered deep with snow; but baby was tucked into a little reindeer-skin bag, which covered her completely all except her head. This was covered with a little foxskin hood; then baby, bag, and all were wrapped in the stars and stripes, and taken out of doors. Ahnighito’s Birthplace—“Such a Funny House it was” Then the sun went away, and for days and weeks baby lived in the little room where a lamp was burning night and day. Here she had her daily bath, and slept and crowed at the lamp and the pictures on the wall, and grew bigger and whiter every day. How she did enjoy these baths after she got to be a little older, when her mother closed every door in the room, put an oil stove inside the bed curtains which were drawn close, then sponged the baby with warm water, and after she was dry let her roll for a little while in the pile of soft warm bear and deer skins on the bed. “A Little Snow-White Baby Girl with Big Blue Eyes” Her Eskimo friends kept coming to see her whenever they could, though they did not always come in to the room, as they were not very clean. After a long, long time the terrible night began to draw to an end, and every clear day at noon there was an hour or two of daylight. 17 18 19 20 “They were not very Clean” Bed on which Baby Lived It was decided that when the sun did return, no matter how cold it might be, baby was to go out every day, so one of the Eskimo women was busy making a little Eskimo suit for her, all of furs. There were only two pieces in this suit,—a little hooded coat, and a pair of little trousers and boots in one. Boys and girls, and men and women, all wear trousers in this Snowland. The softest and warmest fox and baby-deer skins were selected for these clothes. The little trousers or nannookies were made with the fur on the outside, and reached from her waist, where they were fastened with a drawstring to her ankles, where a fur boot made of the same warm deerskin, but with the fur on the inside, next the foot, was sewed to each leg, thus making it impossible for the cold air to get to her little feet and legs. The kapetah, or foxskin coat, was after the same pattern as your sweaters, that is, without any opening down the front or back, and to the neck was sewed a round hood, the opening made to just fit about her little face. This coat her mother pulled on over baby’s head and well down over her nannookies, so that here too no cold air could chill the little girl. About the wrists and around the face opening of the hood, foxtails were sewed, which helped very much to keep her face and hands warm. This costume was made by a woman named AH-NI-GHI´-TO; so, when the baby was christened, she too was called AH-NI-GHI´- TO. She was also named Marie for her only aunt, who was waiting in the far-off home land to greet her little niece. “There were only two Pieces in this Suit” At last, one day about the middle of February, the great yellow sun popped up above the tops of the mountains and covered everything with the brightest sunlight. Little AH-NI-GHI´-TO was asleep when the sun first looked into the room, but in a few minutes she woke up, and as the room had been specially warmed to give her a sun bath, her mother took her out of her little nest and placed her, all white and naked, in the sunlight on the bed. How the big blue eyes did open at the strange sight. How she laughed and jumped and stretched her little hands out in the yellow light, just as if she was bathing in perfumed golden water. It was the first time she had ever seen the sun. After this, every sunshiny day she had her sun bath, when she would try to seize the sunbeams slanting through the room, and failing 21 22 23 24 25 in this would try to pick up bits of sunlight on the bed. “Stretched her Little Hands out in the Yellow Light” On every pleasant day she was dressed in her little fur suit, tucked into her deerskin bag, and carried out. Do you know how the tulip and hyacinth and narcissus bulbs grow and blossom after they are brought out of the cold, dark cellar into the warm, sunny window? “Some Dogs were bought for Her” Well, little AH-NI-GHI´-TO was just a little human bulb that had been kept in the cold and dark for five months and now was brought out into the bright sunlight; and she grew like a tulip, and her eyes grew brighter and bluer, and her cheeks were like “Jack” roses. So rapidly did she grow that very soon she was too heavy for mother to carry. Then some dogs and a little Eskimo sledge were bought for her, with a knife and some biscuit and coffee, and a snug little box, just large enough for her to sit in, fastened on the sledge. After that AH- NI-GHI´-TO had a sleigh-ride every day. You should have seen her team, with their bright eyes, sharp pointed ears, and big bushy tails. There was “Lassie,” and “Lady,” and sometimes steady old black Panikpah, who had been far to the north here, across the “great ice,” and had eaten musk-ox meat. Sometimes they would walk along with heads and tails up, every now and then looking round at the baby. Then at the crack of the whip they would dash off at a gallop, with the driver running beside the sledge and guiding it past the rocks and lumps of ice. But they always seemed to understand that they were drawing a little baby, for they never attempted to run away, as they often did with their Eskimo masters. It was very, very cold now, colder even than during the long winter night; but, wrapped up in her warm furs, little AH-NI-GHI´-TO did not feel it. “The Women kissed her Hands” A great many of the natives came to see the little white girl. The women kissed her hands, and she made friends with all the queer little brown babies sticking their heads out of their mothers’ hoods, for the Eskimo babies have no cradles or anything of the kind, but are just carried all the time by their mothers in great fur hoods on their backs. Soon AH-NI-GHI´-TO began to talk Eskimo, and would say “Ta´koo” (look), “Atu ´do” (more), and she never said yes and no, but “Ah´-py” and “Nag´-ga.” 26 27 28 29 Kood-Look´-Too “Made believe he was a White Boy” “Miss Bill” “A Tupic of Sealskin” Then she had a playmate, a little Eskimo boy about five or six years old, whose father had been killed by a savage walrus which he had harpooned and which had dragged him into the water and drowned him. His mother, too, was dead. His name was Nip-San-Gwah, though every one called him Kood- Look´-Too, which means “the little orphan boy.” He was very fond of AH-NI-GHI´-TO and would try to follow her when she went in her sledge. How queer he looked with his little round fat face, bright black eyes, and little short bearskin trousers. Then he would make little snow igloos, or houses, for her, just like the one his father and mother had lived in, and would get a whip and try to show her how he would drive her dogs for her after he got a little larger. Sometimes Kood-Look´-Too would make believe he was a white boy, and would dress himself up in cast-off clothes, to look, as he thought, like such a boy. Whether he succeeded or not you can see for yourself in the picture. And E-Klay-I-Shoo—or “Miss Bill,” as she was called—must not be forgotten. She was an Eskimo girl, about twelve years old, who used to take care of AH-NI-GHI´-TO. “Miss Bill” never had a dress or a hat in her life, but dressed in a sealskin coat, short foxskin trousers, or nannookies, and long- legged kamiks, or sealskin boots. She and Kood-Look´-Too and her father Nook-Tal, with the rest of the family, lived in a small round tent, or tupic, of sealskins, with big stones all around the edge of it, to keep the wind from blowing it away. The sun kept getting higher in the sky and warmer every day, till finally it did not set at all day or night, the snow was melting, and the rocks and ground getting dry. Such a good time as AH-NI-GHI´-TO had now. Her furs were put away, and in thick, warm woollen gowns, with a sunbonnet to protect her tender face—for even up here the sun and wind in summer may burn the skin—she was out doors nearly all the time. She could creep and roll about a little now, and she had so much to do. “In her Gray Gown she looked like a Little Monk” There was the gravel slope back of the house, in which to search for pretty round red and white pebbles. As she rolled about over this in her gray gown, she looked like a little monk. “There were Lots of Little Puppies to feed and play with” There were lots of little puppies to feed and play with, such plump, 30 31 32 33 “To be picked and played with” “Ah-ni-ghi´-to and her Mother” “The Ship steamed away” round, soft, playful little puppies, you could not believe that when they grew up, they would be great, strong dogs, who could draw their masters on a sledge forty and fifty miles in a day, and even fight the great white polar bear. There was Hector, the big St. Bernard, who would come to have his head patted by the baby. She was a little afraid of Hector, however, he was so big and strong, and rough in his playfulness. “Hector, the big St. Bernard” Finally, there were the flowers, yellow and purple and white, which must be picked and played with. “She rolled about, tossing the Bright Pebbles” Days when there was not a bit of wind, and the sun was shining brightly, AH-NI-GHI´-TO took her sun bath out of doors. A deerskin was spread on the gravel, to keep the sharp stones from hurting the tender little limbs, and on this, with all her clothes taken off, she rolled about, tossing the bright pebbles and talking to the sun, the puppies, and the flowers, till her skin was rosy as the morning. So all through the summer months—June, July, and well into August—AH-NI-GHI´-TO passed the sunny days. “Baby Lake, a Beautiful Little Pond” Sometimes she was taken to Baby Lake, a beautiful little pond that lay in the valley, a few hundred yards back of the house, and from which a murmuring brook ran through moss and over rocks, down to the head of the bay. And during her sun baths she must have absorbed the bright summer sunlight, for never was there a happier, sunnier-tempered, more smiling baby than she. At last, one day late in August, the same big black ship which had brought AH-NI-GHI´- TO’S father and mother to the Snowland, came up the bay, forcing her way through the ice and throwing it in every direction, just the way a snow-plough drives through a big drift, and stopped just in front of the house. Then AH-NI-GHI´-TO and her mother took “Bill” and some of the puppies on board the ship, and it steamed away south again, to bring AH-NI-GHI´-TO to 34 35 36 37 Ahtungahnaksoah her grandmothers and aunt, who had never seen her. When “Miss Bill” left her Snowland to come to the United States with AH-NI-GHI´- TO and her mother, she left her father and mother and two sisters, who were very proud to have her go to the land of the white man, and see the animals and trees and houses and people whose pictures they had seen in magazines. In a year, when the ship returned for AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S father, “Miss Bill” would come back and tell her people all about the strange things she had seen. By the time Philadelphia was reached, AH- NI-GHI´-TO had begun to talk, and called “Miss Bill” “Billy-Bah.” By this name she is known among her people to-day. “Billy-Bah” was about twelve years old, and never in her life had she seen a house larger than the little one-story black house where the stork brought AH-NI-GHI´-TO as a baby; never had she seen a bush or a tree, and never a horse or a cow, a wagon or a carriage, a train of cars or a steam-engine. “Then the Sun went away” She had never had a bath until AH-NI-GHI´- TO’S mother gave her one on board ship, and she could not understand why she must wash herself and brush her hair every morning. On reaching Philadelphia, AH-NI-GHI´-TO, with her mother and “Billy-Bah,” drove to the railroad station, and “Billy-Bah’s” eyes nearly danced out of her head, at the sight of what she called the big dogs (horses) which pulled the carriage, and the high igloos (Eskimo houses) that lined the streets. The station, she said, was the largest and finest igloo she had ever seen, and she was loath to leave it. When she saw an engine pull out a train of cars, she clung to AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S mother and asked what sort of an animal it was, and would it eat people. Long after the train which was taking the little party to AH- NI-GHI´-TO’S grandmother and aunt had started, “Billy-Bah” sat with both hands clutching the seat in front of her, and gazed in amazement at the trees and fences which seemed to fly past. This little dusky maiden, who was the youngest of her people to reach the land of sunshine and plenty, had everything to learn, just the same as AH-NI-GHI´-TO. First, she must learn to talk, for of course she could not speak English; then she must learn to eat, for in the Snowland her people eat nothing but meat. She must learn that meals were served at regular times, that we bathed daily, and retired and arose at given times. All this was new to her, for in her country the people eat whenever they are hungry. They have no tables or chairs, and never prepare meals. Sometimes, when it is very cold, they will cut slices off the chunks of frozen meat which are lying about on the floors of their igloos, and steep them in water heated over their lamps. When they are sleepy, they curl up anywhere and go to sleep. Bathing was unknown to them until they saw AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S 38 39 40 41 father and mother; indeed, they never even washed their faces, but perhaps this was because water is very scarce during the greater part of the year. Everything is frozen, and their only fire and light is what they get from their ikkimer (lamp). This ikkimer, or lamp, is a shallow stone dish, on the centre of which are heaped pieces of blubber (fat), and across the front edge is placed dried moss. This moss acts as a wick, and as the fat melts it is absorbed by the moss, and this is lit with flint and steel. This is the only heat and light that is to be found in an Eskimo hut at any time. Billy-Bah has had to learn by sad experience that she could not put her toys down anywhere in the streets of Washington and find them again hours afterward, as she could do in her own country. When Santa Claus visited AH-NI-GHI´-TO, he also visited Billy- Bah for the first time in her life. He brought her many toys and also useful things. She was pleased with the Christmas tree and with AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S toys, but did not seem to care for hers at all, hardly looking at them. But when she was told it was time for her to go to bed, she asked if she might take all of her presents to her room; permission was given, and she trotted off, making three trips before she had all her things safely upstairs. An hour later AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S mother noticed a bright light in Billy-Bah’s room, and on opening the door she beheld the little Eskimo seated on the floor with all her treasures about her, celebrating her first Christmas. She took great pleasure in sewing for her doll, and whenever anything was made for AH-NI-GHI´-TO, Billy-Bah would make the same for her doll. By the time she returned to her home she was quite a little seamstress. Her trunk was a regular Noah’s Ark. A bit of everything that was given her during her stay was always carefully put into it, to be carried back home and explained to her friends. In July it was decided the great ship should sail to the land of the midnight sun to bring AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S father home, and Billy-Bah would return to her family. “Riding with Eskimo Bear-Hunters” She was very happy at the thought of home, but wished AH-NI- GHI´-TO might go too. When she reached the Snowland, there was great rejoicing among her people, and feasts were given of fine raw walrus, seal, and bear meat, in honor of the young member of the tribe who had seen the sun rise and set every day for a whole year. About two hours after landing, Billy-Bah was seen with a piece of meat weighing about five pounds, enjoying her first meal in a year. While AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S father remained behind in the Snowland, one day after he had been riding on his sledge for days with some of his Eskimo bear-hunters, he came to a mountain, where he found a great piece of brown iron which many years ago had fallen from the sky and from which the Eskimos had made their knives. 42 43 44 45 “A Smaller Piece which had been her Dog” “The Great Brown Woman” The Eskimos called this piece of iron a woman, because their great- grandfathers had told them that their great-grandfathers had said that when it first fell from the sky it looked like a great brown woman. Now so much of it had been pounded off for knives that its shape was gone, but the Eskimos believed that the spirit of the woman still remained. Near by was a smaller piece of iron which had been her dog somewhere up among the stars. “Were hauled over Rocks and Snow” These great pieces of iron were so wonderful that AH-NI-GHI´-TO’S father thought he would like to take them back to America, where every one might see them; so when the ship came back after him the brown woman and her dog were hauled over the rocks and snow and ice to the ship, and hoisted on board. When AH- NI-GHI´-TO’S father had brought home the two heaven-born stones, the woman and the dog, he told several scientific gentlemen in New York that there still remained in the Snowland another and much larger stone which had fallen from the sky together with the woman and her dog. This the natives call the woman’s tupic, or tent. These gentlemen called the stones meteorites, and were very anxious to have the largest one also. So in 1897 AH-NI-GHI´-TO, with her father and mother and her good colored nurse Laura, boarded the ship and sailed for the Snowland to bring home the last of the stones. AH-NI-GHI´-TO was now nearly four years old, and looked forward with pleasure to seeing the Snowland and all the queer little brown people again. On the way north AH-NI-GHI´-TO, who was not seasick, enjoyed the brisk cool wind, and never tired of the beautiful icebergs which floated past. A stop was made at Godhavn in South Greenland to get a supply of drinking water. Here the natives are almost like white people. They have been living with the Danish families who occupy this part of Greenland for such a long time that they have become quite civilized both in looks and manners. Marie The Danes compel them to go to school and also to church; in this way they are growing more knowing every day. They had seen AH-NI-GHI´-TO when she and her mother came from the Snowland three years ago and AH-NI-GHI´-TO was only one year old; now they were anxious to see her again, and crowded to the ship, bringing her all sorts of presents and receiving others in return. 46 47 48 49