The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Second Language Acquisition The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Second Language Acquisition is the first reference work of its kind. The handbook contains twenty contributions from leading experts in the field of Chinese SLA, covering a wide range of topics such as social contexts, linguistic perspectives, skill learning, individual differences and learning settings and testing. Each chapter covers historical perspectives, core issues and key findings, research approaches, pedagogical implications, future research direction and additional references. The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Second Language Acquisition is an essential reference for Chinese language teachers and researchers in Chinese applied linguistics and second language acquisition. Chuanren Ke is Professor of Chinese and Second Language Acquisition and Director of both the SLA PhD Program (FLARE) and the Confucius Institute at the University of Iowa. Routledge Language Handbooks Routledge Language Handbooks provide comprehensive and state-of-the-art linguistic overviews of languages other than English. Each volume draws on an international team of leading scholars and researchers in the field. As reference works, the handbooks will be of great value to readers in many different fields; linguistic typology at all levels, general linguists, historical linguists, sociolinguists, and students of the individual languages or language families concerned. The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Translation Edited by Chris Shei and Zhao-Ming Gao The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Lingusitics Edited by Elabbas Benmamoun and Reem Bassiouney The Routledge Handbook of African Linguistics Edited by Augustine Agwuele and Adams Bodomo The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Second Language Acquisition Edited by Chuanren Ke The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Second Language Acquisition Edited by Mohammad T. Alwahary For more information about this series please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Language-Handbooks/book-series/RLH The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Second Language Acquisition Edited by Chuanren Ke First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Chuanren Ke; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Chuanren Ke to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Chuanren, Ke, 1954- editor. Title: The Routledge handbook of Chinese second language acquisition / edited by Chuanren Ke. Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2017045951| ISBN 9781138946606 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315670706 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Chinese language—Study and teaching—Foreign speakers. | Second language acquisition—Research. Classification: LCC PL1065 .R68 2018 | DDC 495.180071—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045951 ISBN: 978-1-138-94660-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-67070-6 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Keystroke, Neville Lodge, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton Contents List of tables vii List of contributors ix Chinese SLA: introduction and future directions 1 Chuanren Ke PART I Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of second language Chinese 9 1 Neurocognitive approaches to Chinese second language learning 11 Ping Li and Jing Yang 2 Cognitive linguistics approaches to Chinese second language acquisition 31 Ning Yu and Ben Pin-Yun Wang 3 Corpus-based research in Chinese as a second language 48 Jie Zhang and Hongyin Tao 4 Linguistic theories and teaching Chinese as a second language 63 Zhuo Jing-Schmidt and Xinjia Peng 5 Chinese second language socialization 82 Patricia A. Duff and Liam Doherty PART II L2 Chinese skills development 101 6 Research on L2 Chinese character acquisition 103 Tianlu Zhang and Chuanren Ke 7 Chinese as a second language reading: lexical access and text comprehension 134 Helen H. Shen 8 L2 Chinese grammar development 151 Yuan Lu and Chuanren Ke v Contents 9 Current trends in research of Chinese sound acquisition 217 Hang Zhang 10 Acquisition and assessment of L2 Chinese speaking 234 Jianling Liao 11 Pragmatics learning and teaching in L2 Chinese 261 Li Yang 12 Chinese listening comprehension: research and pedagogy 279 Wei Cai PART III Sociocontextual factors and individual differences in L2 Chinese development 299 13 Chinese language acquisition in study abroad contexts 301 Celeste Kinginger, Qian Wu, and Sheng-Hsun Lee 14 Learning Chinese as a heritage language in postsecondary contexts 318 Duanduan Li and Patricia A. Duff 15 A non-linear view on interactional competence: speaking Chinese as a heritage language 336 Agnes Weiyun He 16 Motivation and Chinese second language acquisition 352 Xiaohong Wen 17 Foreign language anxiety: the case of learning Chinese 373 Han Luo PART IV Classroom instruction and technology 391 18 Implicit and explicit learning, knowledge, and instruction in CFL studies 393 Hong Gang Jin 19 Form-focused instruction and task-based language teaching in Chinese as a second language 415 Fangyuan Yuan 20 Technology and the teaching and learning of Chinese as a foreign language 432 Jun Da and Yanqun Zheng Subject index 448 Author index 455 vi List of tables 2.1 Top two subtypes of the ba-construction in frequency ranking 39 5.1 Studies on Chinese language socialization 88 6.1 Four semantic priming conditions 106 6.2 Four character types 108 6.3 Five character learning groups 117 8.1 Functions and sentence examples of the adverb jiù 155 8.2 Functions and sentence examples of the adverb yòu 156 8.3 Function, schematic pattern, and examples of the particle de 160 8.4 Type, schematic pattern, and examples of Chinese DCs 164 8.5 Canonical word order, head-directionality parameter, and RClause surface structure 176 8.6 Target pairs of Chinese connectives in Y. Lu’s (2017) research 180 9.1 The four lexical tones of standard Mandarin Chinese in isolation 218 9.2 The three allophones of Tone 3 224 16.1 Constructs and scales from the AMTB 353 16.2 Multiple regression analyses: future studies across proficiency levels 358 16.3 S tudies adapting the AMTB to focus on comparisons of Asian background learners 364 16.4 Chinese L2 studies conducted under a mixed-methods approach 366 17.1 FL anxiety, oral proficiency and HSK scores 377 17.2 Reading anxiety and general learning anxiety of the three subgroups 379 18.1 Implicit and explicit instruction 396 18.2 Types of implicit and explicit instruction 397 vii List of contributors Wei Cai is an associate professor at the University of Calgary, Canada. She specializes in second language acquisition. Her current research focus is on second language listening, vocabulary acquisition, learner strategies, and materials evaluation and production. Jun Da is Associate Professor of Chinese and Linguistics at Middle Tennessee State University. He received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Texas, Austin. His research interests include computer-assisted language learning, second language acquisition, and language teaching methodologies. Liam Doherty is a doctoral student in Language and Literacy Education at UBC. His research examines agency, socialization, and mobile technologies in Chinese language learning and use. Recent research topics have included Chinese learner agency and narrative language socialization through popular television dramas. Patricia (Patsy) A. Duff is a professor in the Department of Language and Literacy Education at the University of British Columbia, where she teaches applied linguistics courses and conducts research on the teaching, learning, socialization, and use of English and Chinese in various local and global settings. Agnes Weiyun He is Professor of Applied Linguistics, Founder/Director of the Center for Multilingual and Intercultural Communication, and Chair of Department of Asian and Asian- American Studies at Stony Brook University. A Guggenheim Fellow, her current research is funded by the National Science Foundation (US). Hong Gang Jin is currently Chair Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at the University of Macau. She also served for 25 years as William R. Kenan Professor and Full Professor in the East Asian Languages and Literatures Department at Hamilton College in the US. Zhuo Jing-Schmidt is an associate professor of Chinese Linguistics at the University of Oregon. She teaches and researches at the interface of grammar, language use, human emotion, social structure, and history. Her research is based on corpus data and quantitative methods. Chuanren Ke is a professor in the Department of Asian and Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of Iowa, USA and Zijiang Chair Professor at East China Normal University in ix