Linguistic Inquiry The Locative Syntax Monograph Fifty-Three of Experiencers Idan Landau The Locative Syntax of Experiencers Linguistic Inquiry Monographs SamuelJay Keyser, general editor Acompletelistof bookspublishedintheLinguisticInquiryMonographs series appears at the back of this book. The Locative Syntax of Experiencers Idan Landau TheMITPress Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England 62010MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology Allrights reserved. Nopart of thisbook maybereproduced inanyform by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or informa tionstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or salespromotionaluse.Forinformation, pleaseemailspecial [email protected] .edu or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge,MA02142. ThisbookwassetinTimesNewRomanandSyntaxon3B2byAscoTypesetters, HongKong,andwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Landau,Idan. Thelocativesyntaxofexperiencers/IdanLandau. p. cm. (Linguisticinquirymonograph) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN9780262013307(hardcover:alk.paper) ISBN9780262513067 (pbk.:alk.paper) 1.Grammar,Comparativeandgeneral Locativeconstructions. 2.Semantics Psychologicalaspects. I.Title. P293.3.L36 2010 415 dc22 2009008123 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents SeriesForeword vii Acknowledgments ix I TheObliquenessofExperiencers 1 1 Introduction 3 2 APrepositionforExperiencers 9 2.1 ExperiencersasMentalLocations 9 2.2 InherentCaseontheExperiencer 19 2.3 SomeAssumptionsaboutInherentCase 21 3 CorePsychProperties 23 3.1 Italian 23 3.2 Russian 25 3.3 Greek 26 3.4 English 29 3.5 Hebrew 31 3.6 RomanceReflexives 32 3.7 RomanceCausatives 37 4 Passive 47 4.1 TypeALanguages:NoStativePsychPassives 49 4.2 DerivingtheUnaccusativityofStativeClassII/IIIVerbs 54 4.3 TypeBLanguages:NoVerbalPsychPassives 56 5 PeripheralPsychProperties 65 5.1 TheT/SMRestriction 66 5.2 CausativeNominalizations 69 5.3 BackwardBinding 71 vi Contents 6 InterimConclusion 75 II TheScopeofExperiencers 79 7 ExperiencersasQuirkySubjects 81 7.1 QuirkyExperiencers:DirectEvidence 81 7.2 ExperiencersandLFQuirkiness 85 8 ArgumentsforLFQuirkiness 91 8.1 AdjunctControl 91 8.2 SuperEqui 101 8.3 FunctionalReadings 105 8.4 ForwardBinding 108 9 LFQuirkinessIsLFLocativeInversion 117 9.1 LocativeInversionandExperiencers 117 9.2 WhyDoesExperiencerRaisingNotLookLikeLocative Inversion? 119 9.3 SolvingtheAgentivityPuzzle 127 10 Conclusion 133 Notes 137 References 151 Index 161 Series Foreword We are pleased to present the fifty-third in the series Linguistic Inquiry Monographs. These monographs present new and original research be- yondthescopeofthearticle.Wehopetheywillbenefitourfieldbybring- ing to itperspectives thatwill stimulate further research and insight. Originally published in limited edition, the Linguistic Inquiry Mono- graphsare now morewidelyavailable. Thischange isdue to the greatin- terest engendered by the series and by the needs of a growing readership. The editors thank the readers for their support and welcome suggestions aboutfuturedirectionsfortheseries. SamuelJayKeyser for the Editorial Board Acknowledgments This monograph has greatly benefited from the generous input of many friends and colleagues. Some made passing observations; others provided painstaking theoretical critique. Many had to tolerate my endless queries for data in their native tongues. During its six-year history, it passed through several versions and underwent quite a few revisions. If it is now any closer to Truth than it was at the beginning, no doubt the following people deserve the credit: Elena Anagnostopoulou, Maya Arad, Mark Baltin, Jo´hanna BarDdal, Jonathan Bobaljik, Irena Botwinik-Rotem, Lisa Brunetti, Guglielmo Cinque, Alexis Dimitriadis, Marc-Ariel Friede- man, Maria Teresa Guasti, Richard Kayne, Ge´raldine Legendre, Jim McCloskey, Paul Postal, Liina Pylkka¨nen, Gilian Ramchand, Halldo´r SigurDsson, ArthurStepanov, and Susi Wurmbrand. Sections 3.6, 3.7, and 4 are extended, modified versions of Landau 2002a,b. Various parts of this work have been presented during 2001 2002 at the 32nd annual meeting of the North Eastern Linguistic Society (NELS 32), the 18th annual meeting of the Israeli Association of Theo- retical Linguistics (IATL 18), ‘‘The Syntax of Aspect’’ workshop at Ben Gurion university, and linguistics colloquia at NYU, Tel Aviv, and Bar Ilan universities. I thank the audiences for their input and comments. During 2000 2001 I was supported by the Kreitman Postdoctoral Fel- lowship at Ben Gurion University.