01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page i The Inevitable Alliance 01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page ii Additional Praise forThe Inevitable Alliance: “The Inevitable Alliance is a learned and provocative contribution to ongoing debate about the future of transatlantic relations. Basing his study on a unique conceptual framework, Parsi offers an analysis that is theoretically rich as well as relevant to the key policy issues of the day.”––Charles A. Kupchan, Georgetown University and Council on Foreign Relations, author of The End of the American Era “Parsi offers us a grand synthesis on the state of the world since the Cold War, and of transatlantic relations since Iraq. The book is written with passion, formidable range, and intellectual acuity. In reaching a seemingly conventional endorsement of the need for sound transat- lantic relations, but from an unusually critical and radical direction, his is a highly original contribution that deserves our close attention”––Ian Clark, Professor of International Politics, University of Wales Aberystwyth, UK “Amid the current cacophony of voices expressing arrogance, resent- ment or discouragement, Professor Parsi comes forward with a uniquely positive message. His attempt to reconcile American hegemony, multilateralism, and European identity is both bold and realistic. His call for the unity of the West in a plural world deserves the widest audience”––Pierre Hassner, Directeur Emeritus Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI) Paris 01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page iii The Inevitable Alliance Europe and the United States beyond Iraq Vittorio Emanuele Parsi 01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page iv THEINEVITABLEALLIANCE Original title:L’alleanza inevitabile:Europa e Stati Uniti oltre l’Iraq Copyright © 2003,2006 EGEA-Università Bocconi Editore Translated by Catherine Bell All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 and Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire,England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 1–4039–7022–X Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parsi,Vittorio Emanuele. [Alleanza inevitabile.English] The inevitable alliance :Europe and the United States beyond Iraq / Vittorio Emanuele Parsi. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–7022–X 1.European Union countries—Foreign relations—Iraq. 2.Iraq—Foreign relations—European Union countries.3.European Union countries—Foreign relations—United States. 4.United States—Foreign relations—European Union countries. 5.United States—Foreign relations—Iraq.6.Iraq—Foreign relations— United States.I.Title. JZ1570.A57172613 2006 327.4073––dc22 2005054976 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India. First edition:May 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. 01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page v To my mother, Fiorenza, and in memory of my father, Brigadier General Antonio Maria Parsi This page intentionally left blank 01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page vii The Brain—is wider than the Sky— For—put them side by side— The one the other will contain With ease—and You—beside— The Brain is deeper than the sea— For—hold them—Blue to Blue— The one the other will absorb— As Sponges—Buckets—do— The Brain in just the weight of God— For—Heft them—Pound for Pound— And they will differ—if they do— As Syllable from Sound Emily Dickinson To the Muses, who only know the hidden thoughts This page intentionally left blank 01_Parsi_FM.qxd 13/2/06 7:53 PM Page ix Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction to the English Edition 1 1 From the End of History to the End of the World 11 2 Force, Law, and International Order 61 3 The Remains of the West 125 Notes 169 Bibliography 187 Index 197