The Holy Rule of St. Benedict by Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino About The Holy Rule of St. Benedict by Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino Title: The Holy Rule of St. Benedict URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/benedict/rule.html Author(s): Benedict, Saint, Abbot of Monte Cassino Verheyen, Rev. Boniface (1844-1923) (Translator) Publisher: Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Grand Rapids, MI Rights: Public Domain Contributor(s): Jon Van Hofwegen (Markup) CCEL Subjects: All; Christian Life; Classic LC Call no: BX3004.A2 LC Subjects: Christian Denominations Roman Catholic Church Monasticism. Religious orders Religious orders of men The Holy Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino Table of Contents About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. ii The Holy Rule of St. Benedict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 1 Prologue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 2 Chapter I. Of the Kinds or the Life of Monks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4 Chapter II. What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 5 Chapter III. Of Calling the Brethren for Counsel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 7 Chapter IV. The Instruments of Good Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 8 Chapter V. Of Obedience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 10 Chapter VI. Of Silence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 11 Chapter VII. Of Humility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 12 Chapter VIII. Of the Divine Office during the Night. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 15 Chapter IX. How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office. . . . . . p. 16 Chapter X. How the Office Is to Be Said during the Summer Season. . . . . p. 17 Chapter XI. How the Night Office Is to Be Said on Sundays. . . . . . . . . . p. 18 Chapter XII. How Lauds Are to Be Said. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 19 Chapter XIII. How Lauds Are to Be Said on Week Days. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 20 Chapter XIV. How the Night Office Is to Be Said on the Feasts of the Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 21 Chapter XV. At What Times the Alleluia Is to Be Said. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 22 Chapter XVI. How the Work of God Is to Be Performed during the Day. . . . p. 23 Chapter XVII. How Many Psalms Are to Be Sung at These Hours. . . . . . p. 24 Chapter XVIII. In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 25 Chapter XIX. Of the Manner of Reciting the Psalter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 26 Chapter XX. Of Reverence at Prayer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 27 Chapter XXI. Of the Deans of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 28 Chapter XXII. How the Monks Are to Sleep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 29 Chapter XXIII. Of Excommunication for Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 30 Chapter XXIV. What the Manner of Excommunication Should Be. . . . . . p. 31 Chapter XXV. Of Graver Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 32 Chapter XXVI. Of Those Who without the Command of the Abbot Associate with the Excommunicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 33 Chapter XXVII. How Concerned the Abbot Should Be about the Excommunicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 34 Chapter XXVIII. Of Those Who Having Often Been Corrected Do Not Amend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 35 iii The Holy Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino Chapter XXIX. Whether Brethren Who Leave the Monastery Ought to Be Received Again. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 36 Chapter XXX. How Young Boys Are to Be Corrected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 37 Chapter XXXI. The Kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery Ought to Be. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 38 Chapter XXXII. Of the Tools and Goods of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . p. 39 Chapter XXXIII. Whether Monks Ought to Have Anything of Their Own. . . p. 40 Chapter XXXIV. Whether All Should Receive in Equal Measure What Is Necessary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 41 Chapter XXXV. Of the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 42 Chapter XXXVI. Of the Sick Brethren. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 43 Chapter XXXVII. Of the Aged and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 44 Chapter XXXVIII. Of the Weekly Reader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 45 Chapter XXXIX. Of the Quantity of Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 46 Chapter XL. Of the Quantity of Drink. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 47 Chapter XLI. At What Times the Brethren Should Take Their Refection. . . p. 48 Chapter XLII. That No One Speak after Complin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 49 Chapter XLIII. Of Those Who Are Tardy in Coming to the Work of God or to Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 50 Chapter XLIV. Of Those Who Are Excommunicated—How They Make Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 51 Chapter XLV. Of Those Who Commit a Fault in the Oratory. . . . . . . . . . p. 52 Chapter XLVI. Of Those Who Fail in Any Other Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 53 Chapter XLVII. Of Giving the Signal for the Time of the Work of God. . . . . p. 54 Chapter XLVIII. Of the Daily Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 55 Chapter XLIX. On the Keeping of Lent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 56 Chapter L. Of Brethren Who Work a Long Distance from the Oratory or Are on a Journey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 57 Chapter LI. Of the Brethren Who Do Not Go Very Far Away. . . . . . . . . . p. 58 Chapter LII. Of the Oratory of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 59 Chapter LIII. Of the Reception of Guests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 60 Chapter LIV. Whether a Monk Should Receive Letters or Anything Else. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 61 Chapter LV. Of the Clothing and the Footgear of the Brethren. . . . . . . . p. 62 Chapter LVI. Of the Abbot's Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 63 Chapter LVII. Of the Artists of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 64 Chapter LVIII. Of the Manner of Admitting Brethren. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 65 Chapter LIX. Of the Children of the Noble and of the Poor Who Are Offered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 67 Chapter LX. Of Priests Who May Wish to Live in the Monastery. . . . . . . p. 68 iv The Holy Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino Chapter LXI. How Stranger Monks Are to Be Received. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 69 Chapter LXII. Of the Priests of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 70 Chapter LXIII. Of the Order in the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 71 Chapter LXIV. Of the Election of the Abbot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 72 Chapter LXV. Of the Prior of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 73 Chapter LXVI. Of the Porter of the Monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 74 Chapter LXVII. Of the Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey. . . . . . . . . . p. 75 Chapter LXVIII. If a Brother Is Commanded to Do Impossible Things. . . . . p. 76 Chapter LXIX. That in the Monastery No One Presume to Defend Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 77 Chapter LXX. That No One Presume to Strike Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 78 Chapter LXXI. That the Brethren Be Obedient to One Another. . . . . . . . p. 79 Chapter LXXII. Of the Virtuous Zeal Which the Monks Ought to Have. . . . p. 80 Chapter LXXIII. Of This, that Not the Whole Observance of Righteousness Is Laid Down in this Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 81 Indexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 82 Index of Scripture References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 82 v The Holy Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino vi Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino The Holy Rule of St. Benedict The 1949 Edition Translated by Rev. Boniface Verheyen, OSB of St. Benedict's Abbey, Atchison, Kansas Electronic text (with added scripture references) Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino PROLOGUE Listen, O my son, to the precepts of thy master, and incline the ear of thy heart, and cheerfully receive and faithfully execute the admonitions of thy loving Father, that by the toil of obedience thou mayest return to Him from whom by the sloth of disobedience thou hast gone away. To thee, therefore, my speech is now directed, who, giving up thine own will, takest up the strong and most excellent arms of obedience, to do battle for Christ the Lord, the true King. In the first place, beg of Him by most earnest prayer, that He perfect whatever good thou dost begin, in order that He who hath been pleased to count us in the number of His children, need never be grieved at our evil deeds. For we ought at all times so to serve Him with the good things which He hath given us, that He may not, like an angry father, disinherit his children, nor, like a dread lord, enraged at our evil deeds, hand us over to everlasting punishment as most wicked servants, who would not follow Him to glory. Let us then rise at length, since the Scripture arouseth us, saying: "It is now the hour for us to rise from sleep" (Rom 13:11); and having opened our eyes to the deifying light, let us hear with awestruck ears what the divine voice, crying out daily, doth admonish us, saying: "Today, if you shall hear his voice, harden not your hearts" (Ps 94[95]:8). And again: "He that hath ears to hear let him hear what the Spirit saith to the churches" (Rev 2:7). And what doth He say?—"Come, children, hearken unto me, I will teach you the fear of the Lord" (Ps 33[34]:12). "Run whilst you have the light of life, that the darkness of death overtake you not" (Jn 12:35). And the Lord seeking His workman in the multitude of the people, to whom He proclaimeth these words, saith again: "Who is the man that desireth life and loveth to see good days" (Ps 33[34]:13)? If hearing this thou answerest, "I am he," God saith to thee: "If thou wilt have true and everlasting life, keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile; turn away from evil and do good; seek after peace and pursue it" (Ps 33[34]:14-15). And when you shall have done these things, my eyes shall be upon you, and my ears unto your prayers. And before you shall call upon me I will say: "Behold, I am here" (Is 58:9). What, dearest brethren, can be sweeter to us than this voice of the Lord inviting us? See, in His loving kindness, the Lord showeth us the way of life. Therefore, having our loins girt with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk His ways under the guidance of the Gospel, that we may be found worthy of seeing Him who hath called us to His kingdom (cf 1 Thes 2:12). If we desire to dwell in the tabernacle of His kingdom, we cannot reach it in any way, unless we run thither by good works. But let us ask the Lord with the Prophet, saying to Him: "Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle, or who shall rest in Thy holy hill" (Ps 14[15]:1)? After this question, brethren, let us listen to the Lord answering and showing us the way to this tabernacle, saying: "He that walketh without blemish and worketh justice; he that speaketh truth in his heart; who hath not used deceit in his tongue, nor hath done evil to his neighbor, nor hath taken up a reproach against his neighbor" (Ps 14[15]:2-3), who hath brought to naught the foul demon tempting him, casting him out of his heart with his temptation, and hath taken his evil thoughts whilst they were yet weak and hath dashed them against Christ (cf Ps 14[15]:4; Ps 136[137]:9); who fearing the Lord are not puffed up by their goodness of life, but holding that the actual good which is in them cannot be done by themselves, but by the Lord, they praise the Lord 2 Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino working in them (cf Ps 14[15]:4), saying with the Prophet: "Not to us, O Lord, not to us; by to Thy name give glory" (Ps 113[115:1]:9). Thus also the Apostle Paul hath not taken to himself any credit for his preaching, saying: "By the grace of God, I am what I am" (1 Cor 15:10). And again he saith: "He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord" (2 Cor 10:17). Hence, the Lord also saith in the Gospel: "He that heareth these my words and doeth them, shall be likened to a wise man who built his house upon a rock; the floods came, the winds blew, and they beat upon that house, and it fell not, for it was founded on a rock" (Mt 7:24-25). The Lord fulfilling these words waiteth for us from day to day, that we respond to His holy admonitions by our works. Therefore, our days are lengthened to a truce for the amendment of the misdeeds of our present life; as the Apostle saith: "Knowest thou not that the patience of God leadeth thee to penance" (Rom 2:4)? For the good Lord saith: "I will not the death of the sinner, but that he be converted and live" (Ezek 33:11). Now, brethren, that we have asked the Lord who it is that shall dwell in His tabernacle, we have heard the conditions for dwelling there; and if we fulfil the duties of tenants, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts and our bodies must, therefore, be ready to do battle under the biddings of holy obedience; and let us ask the Lord that He supply by the help of His grace what is impossible to us by nature. And if, flying from the pains of hell, we desire to reach life everlasting, then, while there is yet time, and we are still in the flesh, and are able during the present life to fulfil all these things, we must make haste to do now what will profit us forever. We are, therefore, about to found a school of the Lord's service, in which we hope to introduce nothing harsh or burdensome. But even if, to correct vices or to preserve charity, sound reason dictateth anything that turneth out somewhat stringent, do not at once fly in dismay from the way of salvation, the beginning of which cannot but be narrow. But as we advance in the religious life and faith, we shall run the way of God's commandments with expanded hearts and unspeakable sweetness of love; so that never departing from His guidance and persevering in the monastery in His doctrine till death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ, and be found worthy to be coheirs with Him of His kingdom. 3 Rule of St. Benedict Saint Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino CHAPTER I Of the Kinds or the Life of Monks It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first kind is that of Cenobites, that is, the monastic, who live under a rule and an Abbot. The second kind is that of Anchorites, or Hermits, that is, of those who, no longer in the first fervor of their conversion, but taught by long monastic practice and the help of many brethren, have already learned to fight against the devil; and going forth from the rank of their brethren well trained for single combat in the desert, they are able, with the help of God, to cope single-handed without the help of others, against the vices of the flesh and evil thoughts. But a third and most vile class of monks is that of Sarabaites, who have been tried by no rule under the hand of a master, as gold is tried in the fire (cf Prov 27:21); but, soft as lead, and still keeping faith with the world by their works, they are known to belie God by their tonsure. Living in two's and three's, or even singly, without a shepherd, enclosed, not in the Lord's sheepfold, but in their own, the gratification of their desires is law unto them; because what they choose to do they call holy, but what they dislike they hold to be unlawful. But the fourth class of monks is that called Landlopers, who keep going their whole life long from one province to another, staying three or four days at a time in different cells as guests. Always roving and never settled, they indulge their passions and the cravings of their appetite, and are in every way worse than the Sarabaites. It is better to pass all these over in silence than to speak of their most wretched life. Therefore, passing these over, let us go on with the help of God to lay down a rule for that most valiant kind of monks, the Cenobites. 4