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Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 33 (2/3): 87–106 (2012) 87 Taxonomic notes on the group of Loepa miranda, 2: The subgroup of Loepa damartis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)1 Stefan Naumann2, Swen Löffler and Wolfgang A. Nässig3 Dr. Stefan Naumann, Hochkirchstrasse 11, D­10829 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (corresponding author) Swen Löffler, Hospitalgasse 7, D­09350 Lichtenstein/Sachsen, Germany; swen.loeffler@t­online.de Dr. Wolfgang A. Nässig, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D­60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; [email protected] Abstract: A review on the taxa of the subgroup of Loepa lin), und L. melli sp. n., Ho lo ty pus Männ chen aus Gan su (in da martis Jordan, 1911 from China is presented. For the ZMHU Ber lin). Alle Arten in klu si ve ihrer Ho lo ty pen be zie­ fol low ing four taxa lectotypes are designated (all males): hungs wei se Lectotypen so wie ihre männ li chen Ge ni tal struk­ L. ka tinka ku ang tungensis Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), L. tu ren wer den abgebildet. ka tin ka sep ten trio na lis Mell, 1939 (in ZMHU Berlin) (these two taxa being members of the species­group of katinka), Introduction L. mi ran da tai pei sha nis Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), and L. mi ran da septentrionalis Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn); all Some general notes on the genus Loepa Moore, 1859 four ta xa are dealt with on full spec ies status (partly stat. (for the correct publication date of the genus name, n.). L. m iranda sep ten trio na lis and L. ka tin ka septentrionalis see Nässig 2007) are gi ven in a separate publication by are pri mary ho mo nyms. Based on “first revisors’ choice”, L. Naumann & Löff ler (2012), published simultaneously ka tin ka sep ten trio na lis is given preference over L. mi ran da ‡sep ten trio na lis, and the junior subjective sy n o nym L. wlin­ in the same issue. A preliminary and tentatively phy lo­ gana Yang, 1978 is tak en as the re place ment name for the ge ne tic grou p ing of the species was published by Nau­ latter. Also L. damartis szech wa na Zhu & Wang, 1993 is mann (1995: 82) which is still basically valid; the three found to be a jun ior subjective synonym of L. wlingana (syn. spe cies­groups of L. oberthuri (Leech, 1890), L. miranda n.). Two species are de scribed as new: L. elon gata sp. n., At kin son in Moore, 1865 and L. katinka (Westwood, holotype male from Si chuan (in ZMHU Ber lin), and L. melli sp. n., holo type male from Gan su (in ZMHU Ber lin). All taxa 1848) were later again defined in more detail by Yen et including their holo ty pes re s pec tive ly lec to ty pes and their al. (2000: 153). In this paper the miranda­group was di vi­ male ge ni ta lia are fi gured. ded into two subgroups, namely the miranda­sub group Key words: Loepa damartis subgroup, Loepa taipeishanis, which is dis tributed more to the South, and the da martis­ Loepa kuangtungensis, Loepa septentrionalis, homonymy, sub group more to the North. A third, later iden tified re place ment name, lectotype designations, new species, sub group of the miranda­group (the yun na na­subgroup) Chi na is sub ject of the paper by Naumann & Löff ler (2012). Taxonomische Bemerkungen zur Artengruppe von The present work is dealing with the subgroup of L. Loepa miranda, 2: Die Untergruppe von Loepa damartis damartis Jordan, 1911 (the oldest name in this sub­ (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) group), a well­defined species­complex within the mi ran­ Zusammenfassung: Es wird eine Übersicht über die Taxa da­group in which all taxa show a fused tip of the unc us der Untergruppe von Loepa damartis Jordan, 1911 aus in ♂ genitalia, and a paler yell ow ish ground co lour, Chi na gegeben. Für folgende vier Taxa werden Lectotypen compared with other members of the gen us. The spe cies de signiert (alles Männchen): L. katinka kuangtungensis dealt with in this publication are defined by a re la ti ve ly Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), L. katinka septentrionalis Mell, 1939 (in ZMHU Berlin) (diese beiden Taxa gehören rounded, compact wing form both in ♂ and ♀ spe ci mens zur ka tin ka­Artengruppe), L. mi randa taipeishanis Mell, (except of one species described as new bel ow), re latively 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), und L. miranda sept entrionalis Mell, small wing ocelli, a greyish black an te me dian line of 1939 (in MAKB Bonn); alle vier Taxa werden auf Artrang the forewing with only small car mine or pur ple sha dow ge se hen (teilweise stat. n.). L. miranda sep ten trio nalis und on its costal end (again with one ex cep tion, L. da martis L. ka tin ka sep ten trio nalis sind primäre Ho m o nyme. Auf der Ba sis der Entscheidung der ersten Revisoren wird L. ka tin ka itself), relative small male genitalia with less scle rotised sep ten trio nalis Vorrang eingeräumt. Als Ersatzname für L. parts, compared to other members of the miranda­group, mi ran da ‡sep ten trio nalis wird das subjektive jüngere Syn­ and, in general, a main flight per iod in late summer and onym L. wlin ga na Yang, 1978 vor ge schla gen. Auch L. da mar­ autumn which makes a hi ber na tion as ovum plausible. tis szech wana Zhu & Wang, 1993 ist ein jüngeres sub jek ti­ All taxa (again with one ex cep tion) occur in lower moun­ ves Syn onym von L. wlin ga na (syn. n.). Zwei wei te re Ar ten aus dem Komplex wer den als neu beschrieben: L. elon ga ta tain ous areas, only one ta xon is a typical representative sp. n., Holotypus Männ chen aus Si chuan (in ZMHU Ber­ of a high mountain fau na. All taxa are confined to Chi na, 1 The expressions “[species­]group” and, subordinate to this, “[species­]subgroup” (sometimes also “species­complex”) are used in this publication as ten ta tive informal groupings of species which are deeme d to be closely related to each other and supposedly form a monophyletic unit. How ever, these groupi ngs are here not intended to be published for the purpose of zoo lo gic al nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Art. 8.2.; disclaimer), and these col lec tive group na mes, therefore, do not enter into the genus­group of names in zoo logy (ICZN 1999: Art. 10.3., 10.4.). 2 23rd contribution to the Saturniidae fauna of China (22nd contribution: S. Naumann & S. Löffler [2012]: Taxonomic notes on the group of Loepa miranda, 1: The subgroup of Loepa yunnana (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 33 (2/3): 57–68). 3 81st contribution to the knowledge of Saturniidae. (80th contribution: Rougerie, R., Naumann, S., & Nässig, W. A. [2012]: Morphology and mol e cules reveal unexpected cryptic diversity in the enigmatic genus Sinobirma Bryk, 1944 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — PloS ONE, San Francisco, 7 (9): e43920 [doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0043920].) © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 88 with a focus on south west China, and one taxon is even ZMHU Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt­Universität, Ber lin, distributed as far north east as Liaoning province, the most Germany. north ern re pre sen ta ti ve of the entire genus (map: Fig. 1). ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlungen München (Munich), Ger­ ma ny. During recent years legs of many populations of Pa lae­ arc tic and Asian Saturniidae were sent to the “Ca na dian Taxonomic notes on the taxa described so far Centre for DNA Barcoding” (CCDB) in Guelph, On tario, (In chronological order of their description.) for se quen cing and anal ys ing using the 658 base pairs Loepa damartis Jordan, 1911 (bp) of the bar code frag ment of the mi to chon dri al cy to­ chro me­c oxy dase gene, subu nit I (= mtD NA COI gene) The oldest taxon in the group is also the only one which (see Rat na sing ham & He bert 2007; in the web: Bar code easily can be separated from all other members by the of life 2012). DNA was ex trac ted from the legs of dried completely carmine to violet pink antemedian line of spe ci mens in the collections of the au thors and others. the forewing, compared to a combination of carmine to Tech nic al de tails of ex trac tion and am pli fi ca tion and dark violet with black in all other taxa. The identity of L. se quen c ing pro to cols can be found on the CCDB web­ damartis is well­defined also by its relative large size in site (CCDB 2012) and are also de scri b ed, e.g., in Va glia combination with rounded wings. et al. (2008). Also within the re sul t ing COI bar code Type material: The taxon was described after an unclear sequences the species as well as spe cies­sub groups and number of specimens for which no exact data are given in the ­groups are in most cases well­defined (see bel ow in text original description. Jordan just gave the origin as “Cen tral and discussion). The specimens which were used for the and West China, in late summer”. Due to the con fu sion with mtDNA analysis and their da ta are lis ted in Table 1. The closly related taxa, general superficial overall sim i larity of species of this genus, and to fix the type locality to a certain results of the barcode analysis applying the Max i mum place, Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15) de sig nat ed a male Like lihood method (MEGA5, Tamura et al. 2011) are gra­ lectotype from the collections of the BMNH. This specimen phically dis play ed in Text­Fig. 1. is the only one in BMNH which prior to the designation was labelled as a syntype of L. da mar tis. The lec totype is Within the species­subgroup of L. damartis, five taxa figured here from an actual digital picture tak en in ix. 2012 have already been described before (in chronological in BMNH, still with the for mer ly at tached syntype label or der): and without LT label (Fig. 2). A tissue sample of this lec to­ • Loepa damartis Jordan, 1911 type was sent from BMNH (via R. Brech lin, see Brechlin & Kitching 2010) to the CCDB in Guelph, and there an in com­ • Loepa miranda taipeishanis Mell, 1939 plete COI mtDNA bar code se quence was achie ved, which • Loepa miranda septentrionalis Mell, 1939 is also used here for com pa ri son and to “root” the DNA • Loepa wlingana Yang, 1978 systematics to the classical mor pho lo gy­bas ed con cepts, just as well as the se quence data of the lec to type of L. mi ran da • Loepa damartis szechwana Zhu & Wang, 1993 (also in BMNH), used here as out group. In the present publication we describe two further spe­ Locus typicus: Not exactly given in Jordan’s description, cies from China and give a review of the entire sub group. cited there as “Zentral­ und West­China, im Spätsommer [late summer]”; the type locality was later fixed as [PR Chi­ Abbreviations na, Sichuan], S. Szechuen, Nanchuen, July–Sept., by des ig na­ BC COI barcode number. tion of a lectotype by Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15). This place possibly corresponds to the present­day Nan chu an BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. district of Chong qing. CCAS Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Citations in literature: PR Chi na. Loepa damartis Jordan (1911: 214, fig. 32d ♂ [not 34d, as written CMBS Collection Martin Beeke, Stemwede, Germany. in the text]); [Cockerell in] Packard (1914: 163); Seitz (1928: CMWM Collection Museum Witt, München, Germany, as sig ned 506); Bouvier & Riel (1931: 49); Roepke (1953: 227); Zhu & Wang to ZSM. (1983: 411, pl. 133, fig. 2966 ♂ [misinterpretation, the fi gur ed CSLL Collection Swen Löffler, Lichtenstein/Sachsen, Ger­ specimen appears to be a ♂ of L. kuangtungensis]); Wang (1988: ma ny. 460 [probably misinterpretation]; 1992: 801 [mis in ter pre ta tion, CSNB Collection Stefan Naumann, Berlin, Germany. the figured specimen appears to be a ♂ of L. kuang tun gen sis]); CWAN Collection Wolfgang A. Nässig, Frankfurt am Main, now Zhu & Wang (1996: pl. VI, fig. 6 [see also below under miss pel­ in SMFL. ling “L. damaritis” for a further citation of that book] [misi n ter­ GP Genitalia dissection number. pre ta tion; the figured ♂ is not a member of the damartis­group at all, but more likely a ♂ specimen of L. kuangtungensis]); D’Ab re ra HT Holotype. (1998: 50, 51 fig. lower ♂ [no ♀, as indicated by D’Abrera]); Yen et LT Lectotype. al. (2000: 153, 161); Robinson et al. (2001: 247; more likely this is MAKB Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. a note regarding L. kuangtungensis, based on Chinese misi den ti fi­ MHNL Museé d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon, Lyon, France. ca tions); Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15, ♂ lectotype des ig nat ed); MNHN Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Brechlin (2010: 30). NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria. Lœpa [sic] Damartis: Conte (1919: 200, pl. X, fig. 3 ♂). PLT Paralectotype. Loëpa [sic] damartis: Schüssler (1933: 91; 1934: 600). PT Paratype. Loepa katinka damartis: Bouvier (1936: 233). SMFL Senckenberg­Museum, Collection of Lepidoptera, Frank­ Leopa [sic] damartis: Yang (1978: 439). furt am Main, Germany. Loepa damaritis [sic]: Zhu & Wang (1993: 273, fig. 9 ♂ genitalia © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 89 Table 1: Data of the specimens used for the mtDNA sequence analyses. — Additional abbreviations: GBAC = GenBank Access Code; HT = holotype; LT = lectotype; PT = paratype; SL = Sequence Length (data from Bold); — = GBAC not yet available. Loepa species Sample-ID Process-ID GBAC SL Sex Deposition Locality of origin L. damartis (LT) SAT BMNH 0002 SANHM002­09 — 630[0n]bp ♂ BMNH China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 3390 SASNC1401­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3391 SASNC1402­12 — 658[0n]bp ♀ CSLL Chian, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 3392 SASNC1403­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 3388 SASNC1399­12 — 658[0n]bp ♀ CSLL China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 0549 SASNA549­08 — 648[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 0761 SASNA761­09 GU664308 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Hunan L. damartis SNB 0552 SASNA552­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Fujian L. damartis SNB 0762 SASNA762­09 GU664311 621[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3380 SASNC1391­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. damartis SNB 3381 SASNC1392­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. damartis SNB 3387 SASNC1398­12 — 633[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. damartis SNB 0550 SASNA550­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. damartis SNB 3383 SASNC1394­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3382 SASNC1393­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3385 SASNC1396­12 — 658[1n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Fuijian L. damartis SNB 0548 SASNA548­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3386 SASNC1397­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Guangdong L. damartis SNB 2751 SASNC667­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Guizhou L. damartis SNB 2752 SASNC668­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Guizhou L. taipeishanis SNB 3398 SASNC1409­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3396 SASNC1407­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. taipeishanis SNB 0558 SASNA558­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0770 SASNA770­09 GU664318 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3400 SASNC1411­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0765 SASNA765­09 GU664314 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0767 SASNA767­09 GU664315 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3402 SASNC1413­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0769 SASNA769­09 GU664316 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3403 SASNC1414­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3399 SASNC1410­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. wlingana SNB 0561 SASNA561­08 — 648[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 0560 SASNA560­08 — 632[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Beijing L. wlingana SNB 0562 SASNA562­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Liaoning L. wlingana SNB 3405 SASNC1416­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 3404 SASNC1415­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 0768 SASNA768­09 GU664317 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 3395 SASNC1406­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Beijing L. wlingana SNB 3406 SASNC1417­12 — 658[0n]bp ♀ CSLL China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 4090 SASNC1721­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ coll. Zou Yi China, Beijing L. wlingana SNB 0771 SASNA771­09 GU664320 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Liaoning L. wlingana SNB 0764 SASNA764­09 GU664312 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Guangxi L. elongata sp. n. (HT) SNB 0553 SASNA553­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ ex CSNB in ZMHU China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 0554 SASNA554­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 0775 SASNA775­09 GU664322 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 2644 SASNC560­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 2645 SASNC561­11 — 619[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 2646 SASNC562­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Yunnan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0559 SASNA559­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0763 SASNA763­09 GU664310 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3393 SASNC1404­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3394 SASNA1405­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0556 SASNA556­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0564 SASNA564­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0766 SASNA766­09 GU664313 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3401 SASNC1412­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3397 SASNC1408­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0557 SASNA557­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0760 SASNA760­09 GU664309 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0555 SASNA555­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3681 SASNC1597­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0563 SASNA563­08 — 634[1n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Jiangxi For comparison as outgroup L. miranda (LT) SAT­BMNH0001 SANHM001­09 — 553[89n]bp ♂ BMNH India, [Himalaya] © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 90 1 2 3a 3b 4 Fig. 1: Map showing the partly sympatric distribution of the 5 species of the subgroup of Loepa damartis. Type localities in bold symbols. — Map bas ed on vegetation zone colours. Map creat ed with Map Creator 2.0 Personal Edition, © 2003–2007 www.primap.com/de/, modified and loc a li ties added. — Figs. 2–47: Specimens of Loepa species of the damartis subgroup [always no letter or a = dorsal, b = ventral side, c = other details]; all localities in PR China. — Figs. 2–4: L. damartis. Fig. 2: ♂ LT of L. damartis, S. Sichuan, Nanchuen, vii.–ix., BMNH (© The Natural History Mu se um [BMNH], London). Figs. 3a, b: ♂, Sichuan, Qingc heng Hou Shan, 70 km NW Chengdu, 1500 m, vii. 2007, S. Murzin leg., CSNB. Fig. 4: ♂, W. Sichuan, Baoxin, viii. 1996, CSNB. — Pictures of spe ci mens ap pro xi mate ly to the same scale, scale in cm with 0.5 mm subdivisions. Labels often reduced to greyscale and contrast enhanced for better le g i bili ty. Figs. 5–13: L. damartis. Fig. 5: ♂, SW Gansu, Danque, Duoershan, viii. 2005, Li et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 6: ♂, E. Guizhou, Kaili env., Leigongshan, 1500 m, ix. 2001, Li leg., CSNB. Fig. 7: ♂, Hunan, Huaihua, Huangyuan Mt., 1200 m, ix. 2001, Li & Wen leg., CSNB. Fig. 8: ♂, N. Fujian, Bijiashan, Renshou, ix. 2002, Li et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 9: ♂, Shaanxi, Lueyang, vii. 2010, E. Kučera leg., CSNB. Fig. 10: ♂, Yunnan, Lanchang County, E Simao, Heishan, 2200–2400 m, ix. 1999, Wang & Li leg., CSNB. Fig. 11: ♂, Tibet, Linzhi County, Famudul, ca. 3000 m, vii. 2005, CSNB. Figs. 12a, b: ♀, Sichuan, Luzhou, © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 91 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12a 12b 13 14 15a 15b 16 17a 17b 18 19 20 2000 m, viii. 2008, ex CSLL, CSNB. Fig. 13: ♀, W. Shaanxi, Taibaishan, Yuhangshan, 1800 m, viii. 2000, Wang leg., CSNB. — Figs. 14–21: L. taipeishanis. Figs. 14: ♂ LT of L. miranda taipeishanis, S. Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, Taibaishan, 1700 m, 10. viii. 1936, H. Höne leg., GP 675/93 WAN, MAKB. Fig. 15a, b: ♂, PLT of L. miranda taipeishanis, S. Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, Taibaishan, 1700 m, 28. vii. 1935, H. Höne leg., GP 905/03 SNB, MAKB. Fig. 16: ♂, PLT of L. miranda taipeishanis, S. Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, Taibaishan, 1700 m, 27. vii. 1935, H. Höne leg., MAKB. Fig. 17a, b: ♂, Shaanxi, Tsinling Mts., S Taibaishan, Houzhenzi village, 1600 m, 20. ix.–12. x. 1999, leg. V. Siniaev & A. Plutenko, CSNB. Fig. 18: ♂, E. Shaanxi, Yu hang ding, Shanguan, 1600 m, viii. 2000, Wang leg., CSNB. Figs. 19: ♂, Shaanxi, Qinling Mts., Foping env., 1500 m, ix.–x. 2005, CSNB. Fig. 20: ♂, Hubei, Wudang Shan, 1500 m, viii.–ix. 2000, CSLL. — Pictures of specimens ap pro xi mate ly to the same scale, scale in cm with 0.5 mm subdivisions (phot. S.N.: grey scale), respectivly 1.0 mm (phot. S.L.: brown scale and phot. W.A.N.: yellow scale). © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 92 [misinterpretation]); Zhu & Wang (1996: 125, fig. 92 ♂ genitalia Loepa katinka kuangtungensis Mell, 1939 [misinterpretation]); Naumann (2003: 164 [citation of the mis spel­ This relatively small and intensively yellow species is ling by Zhu & Wang 1993, 1996]); Wang (2004: 411 [mis in ter pre­ ta tion]). widespread in all southern provinces of China, but not on Taiwan where it is replaced by L. formosensis Mell, The taxa described by Mell (1939): Loepa miranda 1939 (synonym: formosibia Bryk, 1944; this synonymy taipeishanis Mell, 1939, L. miranda septentrionalis prob ably first sup pos ed by Roepke 1953: 227, then pub li­ Mell, 1939 and others sh ed by Owada & Wang 1992: 205, note 31; see also Yen et al. 2000: 154). It is of dark yel low colour, in ten sive ly The taxa described by Mell in 1939 are the main reas on mar k ed, ty pi cal are the broad pink ish red fore wing an te­ for the confusion in the damartis­group until to day, as me di an line which ends to wards the costal mar gin with they never were figured (under the correct name ap plied out er grey margin, and the dark grey hind wing an te­ to them by Mell); only syntypes were men tion ed by me di an line which ends in male spe cimens with a pink Mell (no designation of holotypes), and further be cause patch at the anal margin. The eye spots are of medium to he described in the same pa per another taxon, L. ka tin ka large size, those of the fore wing some times have a cos­ septentrionalis, which clear ly is a primary hom o nym of L. tal “eye lid” (com pare, e.g., the photo of a ♀ in Zhao & Li miranda sep ten trio na lis. 2005, men tion ed there as “L. anthera Jor dan, 1911”). In Dur ing preparation of this manuscript and fur ther work ♂ ge ni ta lia the uncus is bifid at its tip, and so it is clearly on pa laearctic Sa tur niidae we found most ma terial of a mem ber of the ka tin ka­group (Nau mann 1995: 82), Mell’s type series to be housed in MAKB, but also dis­ and the internal crest (or inner pro cess) of the valves is per s ed to the coll ec tions of ZMHU, BMNH and CMWM (typical for most species of the ka tinka­group) short and (com pare also ci ta tion of Mell’s 1939 work in Nau mann knob­like, not an elongate crest as usual for most species 2003: 164 or Nau mann & Nässig 2010: 36, 49, 50). In of the miranda­group (Figs. 76–78; com pare also genitalia many cases spe ci mens are not labelled as syn ty pes pro­ figures in Zhu & Wang 1993: 273, figs. 9a, b, or 1996: 125, perly, and at the same time the originally given num ber fig. 92). All no tes on L. da mar tis (and its misspelling of specimens in the type se ries could not be ve ri fied — “da maritis”) and those on “L. an the ra” in rec ent Chinese either we did not find all syn types, or there were more li terature in fact re fer to L. ku ang tun gen sis, probably specimens in museum coll ections than synt ypes lis ted based on the mis in ter pre ta tion by Zhu & Wang (1983), by Mell. In some cases Mell obviously wor k ed with and then per pe tuat ed again and again. L. ku ang tun gen sis only a part of the existing material, and later fur ther was rai s ed to spe cific sta tus by Nau mann (1998: 52, 54). specimens with the same or different coll ec t ing da ta by Type material: The taxon kuangtungensis Mell, 1939 was Höne were ad ded to the series which evi dently were not de scribed based on a series of 62 ♂♂ and 74 ♀♀, but Mell seen beforehand by Mell when de scri b ing the taxa. That gave no collecting or rearing data and mentioned the ori gin of the material as “Nordkwangtung (alle Berg wald ge bie te, may be cau s ed by a situation that perhaps just a frac­ typ. Lokalität: Tshayuenshan), auch Süd­ und Mitt el hu nan tion of the en tire material was then already set and plac­ [trans lated: N Guangdong (all mountainous fo rest areas, ed into dra wers when he work ed on it. Later, after his ty pical locality: Tshayuenshan), also S and C Hu nan]”. We pub li ca tion, the rest of the col lec ting results was, af ter have not located the complete original type se ries, mainly setting, in cor po rat ed into the drawers of MAKB and/ due to the facts mentioned above. We found material which or ZMHU. Also, it might have been cause d by the fact de finitely can be assigned to the orig i nal series indicated by the handwritten de ter mi na tion and type labels of Mell that Mell obviously mainly worked in Chi na and Ber lin in the collections of MAKB and ZMHU, but the material during the preparation of his ma nu script, but some or ap pears to be in part dis pers ed into other col lec tions or most of the material was in Bonn then and he had no could even have been in part des troy ed during World War II. com plete ac cess to all specimens at the time. In ad di tion, In MAKB we found in total 6 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ of potential syn­ there was an intense exchange of mat erial dur ing that types, all with printed labels “Hoeng­Shan (900 m), Pro­ time, so parts of the type series were dispersed into other vinz Hunan, China, coll. Höne“ with different dates (♂♂ with data: 2× 22. iv. 1933, 3. v. 1933, 18. v. 1933, 30. viii. col lec tions, and perhaps some of the syn ty pes may still 1933, 1. ix. 1933; ♀♀ with data: 27. iv. 1933, 13. v. 1933) on be re dis co ver ed at other pla ces. pink card board. Two ♂♂ bear genitalia labels with numbers To fix the unclear and often doubtful identities of 4 of 1331/00 Nässig and 904/03 Naumann, and the latter has also a handwritten label by Mell with text “L. kat. kuang­ the 5 continental Chin ese Loepa taxa described by Mell tun gen sis Mell, Paratyp”. Thereby it is ob vi ous that ma te rial (1939), we here pro vide an overview about the material from this locality was included into the type series. The lat­ found by us and designate lectotypes, alt hough 2 of 4 ter ♂ with data 18. v. 1933, genitalia no. 904/03 Nau mann, taxa in vol v ed are no members of the da mar tis­complex at is herewith designated as lectotype of L. ka tin ka kuang­ all, but are more closely related to L. katinka Westwood, tungensis (Figs. 48a, b), in order to fix the identity of the taxon with a locality in Hunan pro vin ce. A red lecto type 1848 and belong to that species­group. For the 5th con­ label will be added accordingly. ti nen tal taxon described by Mell (1939), L. yun nana There are several further specimens determined as L. Mell, 1939, alr ea dy raised to spec ific rank by Yen et al. ka tin ka kuangtungensis, partly by handwritten labels of (2000: 161), a ♂ lectotype was then de sig nat ed from the Mell, and partly due to the fact that they have same locality collections of MAKB by Naumann (2003: 164). labels but no determination label, but these ori ginate either © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 93 from Li­kiang, W Yunnan Province, or from Kua tun, Fujian On aver age it is a little larger, has smaller eyes pots, and Province [mentioned as Fukien on the Hö ne label], or from is less intensively marked. In ♂ genitalia the uncus is E Tien­Mu­Shan, Lingan or Mokanshan, both in Chekiang bi fid as in L. kuangtungensis, but valves are on average Province. All of them are not part of the type series. On the a little more elongate, and the internal crest (or inner other side we could not locate any Mell ma terial from the pro cess) in not knob­like, but more acute at its ventral lo cality Tshayuenshan in Guang dong Pro vince which was men tioned in the original de scrip tion. end, and has a lon ger costa to the apical part of the val ve In the general collection in ZMHU are 8 ♂♂ and 17 ♀♀ spe­ apex (Figs. 79–81). Most probably the inf or ma tion on ci mens which we accept to be paralectotypes, as they can “L. anthera” in Zhu & Wang (1993: 272, 1996: 125) re fers be iden tified by the typical large handwritten Mell la bel; to L. sep tentrionalis, but this is not absolutely sure (in 2 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ have data “China, viii. 1912, Tong­cung­ 1996: pl. VI, fig. 5 they ob viously figure a ♀ of L. ku ang­ san, Mell S.V.”, the rest has no locality data but has labels tungensis under that name). Due to the obvious and sta­ with illegible Chinese letters, partly with additional coll ec­ bile dif fer ences to L. kuang tun gen sis we inter prete L. ting date, attached. 2 ♂♂ have additional genitalia label with nos. 004­ and 005­1999 ZMB, and one dried prep a­ sep ten trio nalis stat. n. here as a se par ate species within ra tion with out number is fixed to another ♂ specimen. To the katinka­group of species and formally raise it to spe­ all those specimens we will add blue paralectotype lab els. cies level (a lectotype is de signated below). Al rea dy Mell In the Mell collection kept separately in ZMHU there is a (1939: 151) men tion ed the mor pho lo gi cal dif fer ences to box with further 6 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ specimens, with a hand­ L. ku ang tungensis; his name refers to the more northe rn written head ing label in typical Mell style in the box “L. k. kuang tun gen sis Mell Typ. u. Paratyp.”, and all those spe­ dis tri bu tion, com par ed to the latter spe cies, al though cimens have no locality data and obviously resulted from not ex plicitly stated in the original de scrip tion. We also a rearing by Mell, perhaps still during his time in Chin a. fi gure one recently col lected pair from Shaanxi, to show There are ad di tional heading labels in the box for a group the dif fe r en ces to L. kuang tun gen sis (Figs. 50–51). of spe ci mens each. Label for 1 ♀: “überw. Gen., iii.–iv. [over­ win ter ed generation, March–April]”; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀: “2. Gen. Mell (1939) also described another Loepa taxon un der vi., Nach kom men von ♀ [followed by illegible hand written the identical subspecific name [L. miranda] sep ten trio­ note in Mell’s handwriting; 2nd generation, June, off spring na lis which there by is a pri ma ry homonym; the further of ♀ …]”; and finally 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: “2.–3. Gen., foll ow ed by dealing with this most unfortunate error of Mell see something illegible, handwritten by Mell, and 4. vii.–10. ix. below un der this ta xon. [2.–3. generation, …, 4. vii.–10. ix.]”; two pairs of the lat ter ones are labelled separately as “viii.”, the re mai n ing two ♂♂ Type material: Loepa katinka septentrionalis was described as “ix.”. Thereby it becomes clear that those spe ci mens are after a series of 19 ♂♂ syntypes from Taibai Shan, southern probably not the complete se ries Mell had in his hands. Shaanxi Pro vin ce, at altitudes of around 1700 m. Similar to Perhaps the complete box was a part of Mell’s “working the si tua tion with L. kuangtungensis, it was impossible to collection” which was brought only to the mu seum after lo cate the com plete ori ginal type series, for similar reasons his death in the year 1970 and shows the im proper la belling as men tion ed above. In total, we found 7 ♂♂ syntypes in by Mell. The rearing experiments ex plain also the unusual the col lec tions of MAKB and ZMHU, which can definitely be ratio of ♂♂ to ♀♀. We accept also those 10 spe ci mens in the as sign ed to the type series, partly from handwritten de ter­ Mell collection as paral ec to ty pes, which will be indicated by mi na tion and type la bels by Mell, and the rest by similar blue labels as well. lo ca li ty data labels. Locus typicus: By designation of a lectotype the type lo ca­ There are in total 5 specimens in MAKB of which 3 have a li ty of L. katinka kuangtungensis becomes PR China, Hun an red cardboard label reading “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­ Pro vince, Hoeng Shan, 900 m. The locality would be na med Shensi [Shaanxi Prov.] (China), 21. vi. 1935, 22. vi. 1935” to day as PR China, Hunan Prov., Heng Shan, near Hengy ang, and “3. vii. 1935, H. Höne“, plus additional genitalia label a mountain at geographical coordinates 27°16' N, 112°35' E “GP 1329/00 W. A. Nässig” respectively “GP 1332/00 W. A. (Schintlmeister 1992: 210). Nässig”, plus one bearing a part of the former envelope Citation in literature: with date “22. vi. 1935” stamped on it. The specimen da ted 21. vi. 1935 has a small cardboard box attached with dried Loepa katinka kuangtungensis Mell (1939: 151). ge ni ta lia structures dissected probably by Mell hims elf; the Loepa katinka kuantungensis [sic]: Roepke (1953: 227). struc tures are no longer determinable and very brok en. A Loepa kuangtungensis: Naumann (1995: 82; 1998: 52, 54); Yen et hand writ ten Mell label reading “Loepa kat. sep ten trio na­ al. (2000: 161); Brechlin (2010: 30); Wang & Kishida (2011: 148, lis Mell Typ o. Parat.“ is attached to that spe ci men. The 2 pl. 53, fig. 3 ♂ [with misspelling kunagtungensis in plate le gend]). other specimens have a similar red label read ing “Ta pei­ Loepa damartis: Zhu & Wang (1983: 411, pl. 133, fig. 2966 ♂ [mis­ shan im Tsinling, Sued­Shensi [Shaanxi Prov.], ca. 1700 m, in ter pre tation]). 22. v. 1936” and “17. vi. 1936, H. Höne”; the specimen dat ed Loepa damaritis [sic, misspelling]: Zhu & Wang (1993: 273, fig. 9a, 22. v. 1936 bears 2 additional hand writ ten labels read ing “L. b [mis in ter pre tation]; 1996: 125, fig. 92, pl. VI, fig 6 ♂ [mis in ter­ katinka spp. septentrionalis Mell” [most prob ably not writ­ pre ta tion]). ten by Mell himself] and “GP 1335/00 W. A. Näs sig”. Loepa anthera: Zhu & Wang (1983: 411, pl. 133, fig. 2965 ♀ [misi n­ In ZMHU we found in the Mell collection 2 specimens from ter pretation]; 1996: 125, fig. 91, pl. VI, fig 5 ♀ [misi n ter pre ta tion]); the type locality; one has the same red cardboard lo ca lity Zhao & Li (2005: 152, fig. ♀ [misinterpretation]). label reading “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­Shensi (China), ♂, 17. v. 1936, H. Höne”, a separate date label “17. May 1936”, Loepa katinka septentrionalis Mell, 1939 cut from its former envelope, and a blue gen italia label reading “GU­Nr. 002­1999 ZMB”. It has a fore wing length This taxon is a close relative of L. kuangtungensis and of 46 mm. We hereby designate this spe ci men as lectotype re places it in the mountainous areas of Shaanxi, Gansu of L. katinka septentrionalis (Figs. 49a, b, 78), in order to fix and partly in northern Sichuan and Yunnan pro vin ces. the identity of that taxon, especially in com parison and in © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 94 contrast to L. kuangtungensis. We will add a red lec to type those specimens Mell referred in his description, and with­ label accordingly. The second specimen in ZMHU bears out designation of a lectotype the identity of that taxon a similar locality label with date 29. vi. 1935 im prin t ed, a would remain some how dubious (there occurs a second separate date label “29. June 1935” cut from the en ve lope, very similar spec ies in Shaanxi, see below). Thereby we and a blue genitalia label “GU­Nr. 001­1999 ZMB” (Fig. 80). herewith de sig nate as lectotype of L. miranda taipeishanis It also has a handwritten Mell label “L. ka tin ka sep ten trio na­ (Fig. 14) a ♂ with data “Ta pei shan im Tsinling, Sued­Shen si, lis Mell, 2 Parat.” attached, which proba b ly was a head er in ca. 1700 m, 10. viii. 1936, H. Höne” and additional ge ni ta lia this ZMHU box for the two specimens for merly. label “GP 675/93 W. A. Nässig” from MAKB; a red lec to type We will add blue paralectotype labels to the remaining 6 label will be ad ded accordingly. pa ra lectotypes. From the rest of the mat erial we se pa rate 7 further ♂♂ as Locus typicus: As given in the original description, the paralectotypes; they have following data: 3 ♂♂, 2. viii. 1935, type locality is “Südshensi, Tapeishan, around 1700 m”. The 2 of them with the mentioned paratype la bels hand writ ten locality would be listed today as PR China, Shaanx i Prov., by Mell; 1 ♂, 27. vii. 1935; 1 ♂ 28. vii. 1935, al most com­ Qingling Mts., Taibai Shan. The Taibai Shan is the highest pletely without markings on its wings (Fig. 15); and 2 ♂♂, peak of the Qingling Mts., with a summit ele va tion of over viii. 1936. They are separated from the rest of the mat erial, 4000 m, but the collecting site was some where at much lower and blue paralectotype labels will be added ac cor d ing ly. elevations, perhaps at the his to ric collecting site of Lototse Locus typicus: Not explicitly mentioned in the original village which is about at 1700 m altitude (Schintlmeister de scrip tion, but from the name it is clear that the taxon ori­ 1992: 213). gi nates from “Tapeishan”. By designation of the lectotype Citation in literature: the type locality gets fixed as “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­ Loepa katinka septentrionalis Mell (1939: 151); Roepke (1953: Shen si, 1700 m” [= PR China, Shaanxi Prov., Qingling Mts., 227); Brechlin (2010: 30; cited with unclear status [synonym of L. Tai bai Shan, 1700 m]. See also notes on the type locality kuangtungensis?]). un der L. katinka septentrionalis above. Citation in literature: Loepa miranda taipeishanis Mell, 1939 Loepa miranda taipeishanis Mell (1939: 152); Roepke (1953: 227). This is one of three very small Loepa species within the Loepa miranda tapeishanis [sic]: Roepke (1953: 227). complex of L. damartis, confined to a distribution in Loepa taipeishanis: Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 16, checklist [and mountains of central and eastern Shaanxi and near by ge ni ta lia illustration fig. 16]; not ex plicitely raised in status); Brech lin (2010: 30, checklist; not ex plicitely raised in status). northern Hubei provinces. It is of light whitish yel low Loepa miranda [error in determination]: D’Abrera (1998: 51, fig. colour, the antemedian line is narrow and grey, endi ng upper ♂). in about half of the specimens on the forewing costa with a proximal carmine shadow. The post me di an and sub­ Loepa miranda ‡septentrionalis Mell, 1939 marginal lines are slightly indicated, in some spec i mens This taxon probably is the closest relative of L. taip ei sha­ almost completely reduced. An ten nae of fresh spe cimens nis, oc cur ring in most provinces of northeastern Chi na. often are of green colour and fade later to och reous brown It is the smallest of all three taxa within the complex of in most cases, as already men tioned by Mell (1938: 152). whit ish yellow Loepa species of the damartis­sub group, Male genitalia show a fused uncus, and the internal crest also shows the thin grey antemedian line, ending in all (or inner process) of the valves is al most a straight struc­ ♂♂ and ♀♀ specimens on the forewing costa with a tiny ture without any larger pro tu ber ances. With res pect to pro ximal carmine shadow. The ornamentation is some­ the mtDNA COI barcode, the tax on taipeishanis forms a weakly de fined cluster withi n the resulting MP tree, with only less than 1% dif fer ence to the most closely related Figs. 14–21: L. taipeishanis. — Figs. 21a, b: ♀, Shaanxi, Ning Shan, taxon, L. wlingana Yang, 1978, which forms a much more 1500 m, summer–ix. 2001, CSLL. — Figs. 22–35: L. wlingana. Fig. 22: homogenous clus ter for itself (Text­Fig. 1). Due to stabile ♂ HT of L. wlingana, reproduction of the very poor figure in the original description. Figs. 23a, b: ♂ LT of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis, Shanxi, Mien and re pro duc ible mor pho lo gi c al dif fe rences we here by Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m, 31. vii. 1937, H. Höne leg., GP 681/93 raise L. tai pei sha nis stat. n. to spe cies level. According to WAN, MAKB. Fig. 24: ♂ PLT of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis, Shanxi, Mien the dif fer ent fore wing ante me dian band it clearly is no Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m, 30. vii. 1937, H. Höne leg., GP 906/03 SNB, MAKB. Fig. 25: ♂ HT of L. damartis szechwana, Sichuan, Huili, vii. sub spe cies of L. miranda at all. 1974, Han Yinheng leg., CCAS. Fig. 25c: Labels of the HT of L. damartis Type material: L. miranda taipeishanis was described after szechwana, CCAS. Figs. 26a, b: ♂, Beijing, 110 km NW Mentougou, a series of 8 ♂♂; a type locality was not mentioned in the Xiaolongmen Forest Station, 1100 m, viii. 2000, A. Schintl meis ter leg., CSNB. Figs. 27a, b: ♂, Hebei, Fengling County, Yunwushan, 1600 m, original description, but, self­explanatory from the name, viii. 2003, Ying leg., CSNB. Figs. 28a, b: ♂, Liaoning, Benxi, Qiangshan, it is clear that the taxon was named after its origin “Tap ei­ 1700 m, viii. 2005, Yi et al. leg., CSNB. Figs. 29a, b: ♂, W. Guangxi, shan” [PR China, Shaanxi, Taibai Shan]. In total, we located Tian E, Datingshan, 1300 m, viii. 2005, Yi et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 30: ♀, 53 ♂♂ in MAKB which could be possible syntypes, all with Shanxi, Mien Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m, 6. viii. 1937, H. Höne leg., relatively similar collecting data printed on red card board MAKB. Figs. 31a, b: ♀, Hebei, Fengling County, Yunwushan, 1600 m, labels reading “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­Shen si (China), viii. 2003, Ying leg., CSNB. Figs. 32a, b: ♀, Liaoning, Benxi, Qiangshan, H. Höne” [with different dates in 1935] and “Tapeishan im 1700 m, viii. 2005, Yi et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 33: Antennae of ♂ PLT of L. Tsinling, Sued­Shensi, ca. 1700 m, H. Hö ne” [with different miranda ‡septentrionalis, MAKB (see Fig. 24). Fig. 34: L. wlingana, ova deposited by wild collected ♀, Hebei, viii. 2003. Fig. 35: L. wlingana, dates in 1936]; only 2 of them bear a handw ritten Mell larva (with 2 tachinid eggs), Song Shan Natural Reserve, NW Beijing, la bel reading “L. miranda taipeishanis Mell Typ o. Parat.”, 2006, photo by courtesy of Li Kai. — Pictures of specimens ap pro xi mate ly and so it is not clear which of the other specimens were in to the same scale, scale in cm with 0.5 mm subdivisions (phot. S.N.: hands of Mell during his de scrip tio nal work. Similar to the grey scale), respectivly 1.0 mm (phot. S.N.: black scale, phot. S.L.: brown si tuation with L. kuang tun gen sis, it is not clear to which of scale, and phot. W.A.N.: yellow scale). © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 95 21a 21b 22 25c 23 24 25 26a 26b 27a 27b 28a 29a 29b 30 28b 34 31a 31b 32a 32b 33 35 © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 96 what more intense compared to L. taipeishanis, and the Loepa wlingana Yang, 1978 ♂ forewing ocelli are somewhat larger, in alm ost all cases L. wlingana is a younger subjective synonym of L. mi ran da with a small lid­like pattern conn ec t ing the ocel lus to ‡sep ten trio nalis, but, as mentioned above, the lat ter is the costa. Antennae of fresh spec i mens of ten are also a primary ho monym of L. katinka septen trio nalis, and of green colour (see de tail in Fig. 33) and later fade to thereby L. wlingana becomes the valid available re place­ ochreous brown in most cases, as already men tioned by ment name of this Loe pa spe cies (ICZN 1999: Art. 60.2) Mell (1938: 152); also ♂ ab do mi na often fade to some occuring most northe rnly within the gen us. Al though sort of greenish co lour if they get greasy. ♂ ge ni ta lia the figure of the ♂ ho lo type in the de scrip tio nal work similar to L. tai pei sha nis, the saccus a little wide r, and is somewhat diffuse and we could not yet ex amine the the internal crest (or inner proc ess) of the valves with a specimen personally, the iden tity of the ta xon is clear dor sal knob­like pro tu ber ance. by its description and due to the situation that only one This taxon would have to be rised to specific status, but Loepa species occurs so far northernly. due to a primary homonymy with L. katinka sep ten trio­ Due to the constant character differences mentioned na lis, already dealt with above, the name is un avail able al rea dy un der L. miranda ‡septentrionalis and differences (ICZN 1999, Art. 57.2). As both taxa were de scrib ed in the to its clo sest relative, L. taipeishanis, we deal with L. same publication and both at identical subs pecific level, wlin ga na on full species level. Also the differences and we herewith decide in accordance with the prin ci ple of bootstrap values of the bar code analysis support this sta­ the first revising authors (ICZN 1999, Art. 24.2) that L. tus (see dis cus sion and Text­Fig. 1). katinka septentrionalis should have preference over L. Type material: L. wlingana was described after one ♂ with miranda ‡septentrionalis. With this situation, it be comes following data given in the original description: PR China, ne ces sary to replace the latter name by a re place ment He bei Prov., Xinglong, Wuling Mountains, 1700 m, 23. viii. name; the next available syno nym of L. mi ran da ‡sep ten­ 1973, at light, leg. Yang Jikun [in Chinese letters]. This spe­ ci men is a holotype by monotypy. It is believed to be held trio na lis is L. wlingana Yang, 1978 (ICZN 1999: Art. 60.2) in the collections of China Agricultural University (for mer ly which is now to be used as the valid name for the spe cies, named Beijing Agricultural University, as writ ten on the see be low. front cover of the publication by Yang 1978) in Beijing, but Type material: L. miranda ‡septentrionalis was described could not be located and examined so far. The HT is fi gur ed af ter a series of 6 ♂♂ syntypes originating from “Shansi here as reproduction of the very poor illustration in the ori­ (Mien shan)”, without notification of further data. In MAKB ginal description (Fig. 22). we located a series of 10 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ with same loc a li ty data Locus typicus: As given in the description, it is PR Chi na, “Mien­Shan (Prov. Shansi), obere Höhe ca. 2000 m, H. Höne”, He bei Prov., Xinglong, Wuling Mountains [= Wu ling Shan], collected at different dates in vii. and viii. 1937. These data 1700 m. This locality is northeast of the capital Bei jing, at are printed on green cardboard la bels. 1 ♂, dated 29. vii. 1937, about 40°42' N, 117°30' E. has a handwritten Mell label reading “L. mir. septentrionalis Citation in literature: Mell Typus”, and 3 ♂♂, collected 31. vii., 1. viii. and 4. viii. Leopa [sic] wlingana Yang (1978: 439, pl. 27, fig. 1 ♂ HT). 1937, are indicated as par a types with a label in same style; all Loepa wlingana: D’Abrera (1998: 50, with wrong citation of des crip­ other specimens are not indicated as types at all. Due to the tion); Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 16 [cited as possible syno nym situation of Mell’s description it is clear that only a syntype or subspecies of L. taipeishanis]); Brechlin (2010: 30; cited with series exists, as no holotype was chosen in the paper. To fix unclear status [possible synonym or subspecies of L. tai pei sha nis?]). the status of the taxon, we herewith designate as lectotype of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis a ♂ with collecting date 31. vii. 1937 and additional genitalia label “GP 681/93 W. A. Näs sig” Text-Fig. 1: Molecular Phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method conducted in MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011). The analysis involved (Figs. 23a, b); a red lectotype label will be added ac cor ding ly. 63 nucleotide sequences (= specimens). Codon positions included were From the rest of the material we separate as pa ra lectotypes 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All positions containing gaps and missing the 4 ♂♂ with Mell’s type labels men tion ed above plus one data were eliminated. There were a total of 423 positions in the final further ♂ with collecting date 30. vii. 1937 and additional dataset. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum genitalia label “GP 906/03 Naumann” (Fig. 24). The rest of Likelihood method based on the Data specific model (Nei & Kumar the existing material is no part of the type series. There even 2000). The bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 1000 replicates is taken exists one ♀ from the type lo cality, collected 6. viii. 1937 (Fig. to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analyzed (Felsenstein 1985). Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 30), which never was mentioned by Mell. 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate trees Locus typicus: As given by Mell in the original des crip tion, in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test the type locality of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis is “Mien­ (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985). shan, Shansi”. It would be named as Mian Shan [= Jie Shan], Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically as Shanxi prov., PR China, today. Schintlmeister (1992: 211) follows. When the number of common sites was < 100 or less than one fourth of the total number of sites, the maximum parsimony method rendered the locality more precisely as “ca. 37° N, 112° E, was used; otherwise BIONJ method with MCL distance matrix was a locality at the western slopes of the mount ain range, used. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary southeast of the railway station Kiaishui” [which would be rate differences among sites (5 categories [+ G, parameter = 0.3683]). named today as Huajiayao]. The rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionarily Citation in literature: invariable (+ I, 53.5501% sites). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. — We also Loepa miranda septentrionalis Mell (1939: 152); Roepke (1953: tested the data set when all data with less than 658 bp were eliminated 227); Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15; cited as synonym of L. before MEGA5 was used; how ever, this did not improve the structure of miranda, and indicated as homonym); Brechlin (2010: 30; cited as the “weak” clusters. Other methods offered by MEGA5 resulted in similar synonym of L. miranda). to identical tree topologies. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main

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Taxonomic notes on the group of Loepa miranda, 2: The subgroup of Loepa damartis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) PDF

2012·2.6 MB·English
by  Naumann, Stefan
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Preview Taxonomic notes on the group of Loepa miranda, 2: The subgroup of Loepa damartis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 33 (2/3): 87–106 (2012) 87 Taxonomic notes on the group of Loepa miranda, 2: The subgroup of Loepa damartis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)1 Stefan Naumann2, Swen Löffler and Wolfgang A. Nässig3 Dr. Stefan Naumann, Hochkirchstrasse 11, D­10829 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (corresponding author) Swen Löffler, Hospitalgasse 7, D­09350 Lichtenstein/Sachsen, Germany; swen.loeffler@t­online.de Dr. Wolfgang A. Nässig, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D­60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; [email protected] Abstract: A review on the taxa of the subgroup of Loepa lin), und L. melli sp. n., Ho lo ty pus Männ chen aus Gan su (in da martis Jordan, 1911 from China is presented. For the ZMHU Ber lin). Alle Arten in klu si ve ihrer Ho lo ty pen be zie­ fol low ing four taxa lectotypes are designated (all males): hungs wei se Lectotypen so wie ihre männ li chen Ge ni tal struk­ L. ka tinka ku ang tungensis Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), L. tu ren wer den abgebildet. ka tin ka sep ten trio na lis Mell, 1939 (in ZMHU Berlin) (these two taxa being members of the species­group of katinka), Introduction L. mi ran da tai pei sha nis Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), and L. mi ran da septentrionalis Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn); all Some general notes on the genus Loepa Moore, 1859 four ta xa are dealt with on full spec ies status (partly stat. (for the correct publication date of the genus name, n.). L. m iranda sep ten trio na lis and L. ka tin ka septentrionalis see Nässig 2007) are gi ven in a separate publication by are pri mary ho mo nyms. Based on “first revisors’ choice”, L. Naumann & Löff ler (2012), published simultaneously ka tin ka sep ten trio na lis is given preference over L. mi ran da ‡sep ten trio na lis, and the junior subjective sy n o nym L. wlin­ in the same issue. A preliminary and tentatively phy lo­ gana Yang, 1978 is tak en as the re place ment name for the ge ne tic grou p ing of the species was published by Nau­ latter. Also L. damartis szech wa na Zhu & Wang, 1993 is mann (1995: 82) which is still basically valid; the three found to be a jun ior subjective synonym of L. wlingana (syn. spe cies­groups of L. oberthuri (Leech, 1890), L. miranda n.). Two species are de scribed as new: L. elon gata sp. n., At kin son in Moore, 1865 and L. katinka (Westwood, holotype male from Si chuan (in ZMHU Ber lin), and L. melli sp. n., holo type male from Gan su (in ZMHU Ber lin). All taxa 1848) were later again defined in more detail by Yen et including their holo ty pes re s pec tive ly lec to ty pes and their al. (2000: 153). In this paper the miranda­group was di vi­ male ge ni ta lia are fi gured. ded into two subgroups, namely the miranda­sub group Key words: Loepa damartis subgroup, Loepa taipeishanis, which is dis tributed more to the South, and the da martis­ Loepa kuangtungensis, Loepa septentrionalis, homonymy, sub group more to the North. A third, later iden tified re place ment name, lectotype designations, new species, sub group of the miranda­group (the yun na na­subgroup) Chi na is sub ject of the paper by Naumann & Löff ler (2012). Taxonomische Bemerkungen zur Artengruppe von The present work is dealing with the subgroup of L. Loepa miranda, 2: Die Untergruppe von Loepa damartis damartis Jordan, 1911 (the oldest name in this sub­ (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) group), a well­defined species­complex within the mi ran­ Zusammenfassung: Es wird eine Übersicht über die Taxa da­group in which all taxa show a fused tip of the unc us der Untergruppe von Loepa damartis Jordan, 1911 aus in ♂ genitalia, and a paler yell ow ish ground co lour, Chi na gegeben. Für folgende vier Taxa werden Lectotypen compared with other members of the gen us. The spe cies de signiert (alles Männchen): L. katinka kuangtungensis dealt with in this publication are defined by a re la ti ve ly Mell, 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), L. katinka septentrionalis Mell, 1939 (in ZMHU Berlin) (diese beiden Taxa gehören rounded, compact wing form both in ♂ and ♀ spe ci mens zur ka tin ka­Artengruppe), L. mi randa taipeishanis Mell, (except of one species described as new bel ow), re latively 1939 (in MAKB Bonn), und L. miranda sept entrionalis Mell, small wing ocelli, a greyish black an te me dian line of 1939 (in MAKB Bonn); alle vier Taxa werden auf Artrang the forewing with only small car mine or pur ple sha dow ge se hen (teilweise stat. n.). L. miranda sep ten trio nalis und on its costal end (again with one ex cep tion, L. da martis L. ka tin ka sep ten trio nalis sind primäre Ho m o nyme. Auf der Ba sis der Entscheidung der ersten Revisoren wird L. ka tin ka itself), relative small male genitalia with less scle rotised sep ten trio nalis Vorrang eingeräumt. Als Ersatzname für L. parts, compared to other members of the miranda­group, mi ran da ‡sep ten trio nalis wird das subjektive jüngere Syn­ and, in general, a main flight per iod in late summer and onym L. wlin ga na Yang, 1978 vor ge schla gen. Auch L. da mar­ autumn which makes a hi ber na tion as ovum plausible. tis szech wana Zhu & Wang, 1993 ist ein jüngeres sub jek ti­ All taxa (again with one ex cep tion) occur in lower moun­ ves Syn onym von L. wlin ga na (syn. n.). Zwei wei te re Ar ten aus dem Komplex wer den als neu beschrieben: L. elon ga ta tain ous areas, only one ta xon is a typical representative sp. n., Holotypus Männ chen aus Si chuan (in ZMHU Ber­ of a high mountain fau na. All taxa are confined to Chi na, 1 The expressions “[species­]group” and, subordinate to this, “[species­]subgroup” (sometimes also “species­complex”) are used in this publication as ten ta tive informal groupings of species which are deeme d to be closely related to each other and supposedly form a monophyletic unit. How ever, these groupi ngs are here not intended to be published for the purpose of zoo lo gic al nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Art. 8.2.; disclaimer), and these col lec tive group na mes, therefore, do not enter into the genus­group of names in zoo logy (ICZN 1999: Art. 10.3., 10.4.). 2 23rd contribution to the Saturniidae fauna of China (22nd contribution: S. Naumann & S. Löffler [2012]: Taxonomic notes on the group of Loepa miranda, 1: The subgroup of Loepa yunnana (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 33 (2/3): 57–68). 3 81st contribution to the knowledge of Saturniidae. (80th contribution: Rougerie, R., Naumann, S., & Nässig, W. A. [2012]: Morphology and mol e cules reveal unexpected cryptic diversity in the enigmatic genus Sinobirma Bryk, 1944 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — PloS ONE, San Francisco, 7 (9): e43920 [doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0043920].) © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 88 with a focus on south west China, and one taxon is even ZMHU Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt­Universität, Ber lin, distributed as far north east as Liaoning province, the most Germany. north ern re pre sen ta ti ve of the entire genus (map: Fig. 1). ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlungen München (Munich), Ger­ ma ny. During recent years legs of many populations of Pa lae­ arc tic and Asian Saturniidae were sent to the “Ca na dian Taxonomic notes on the taxa described so far Centre for DNA Barcoding” (CCDB) in Guelph, On tario, (In chronological order of their description.) for se quen cing and anal ys ing using the 658 base pairs Loepa damartis Jordan, 1911 (bp) of the bar code frag ment of the mi to chon dri al cy to­ chro me­c oxy dase gene, subu nit I (= mtD NA COI gene) The oldest taxon in the group is also the only one which (see Rat na sing ham & He bert 2007; in the web: Bar code easily can be separated from all other members by the of life 2012). DNA was ex trac ted from the legs of dried completely carmine to violet pink antemedian line of spe ci mens in the collections of the au thors and others. the forewing, compared to a combination of carmine to Tech nic al de tails of ex trac tion and am pli fi ca tion and dark violet with black in all other taxa. The identity of L. se quen c ing pro to cols can be found on the CCDB web­ damartis is well­defined also by its relative large size in site (CCDB 2012) and are also de scri b ed, e.g., in Va glia combination with rounded wings. et al. (2008). Also within the re sul t ing COI bar code Type material: The taxon was described after an unclear sequences the species as well as spe cies­sub groups and number of specimens for which no exact data are given in the ­groups are in most cases well­defined (see bel ow in text original description. Jordan just gave the origin as “Cen tral and discussion). The specimens which were used for the and West China, in late summer”. Due to the con fu sion with mtDNA analysis and their da ta are lis ted in Table 1. The closly related taxa, general superficial overall sim i larity of species of this genus, and to fix the type locality to a certain results of the barcode analysis applying the Max i mum place, Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15) de sig nat ed a male Like lihood method (MEGA5, Tamura et al. 2011) are gra­ lectotype from the collections of the BMNH. This specimen phically dis play ed in Text­Fig. 1. is the only one in BMNH which prior to the designation was labelled as a syntype of L. da mar tis. The lec totype is Within the species­subgroup of L. damartis, five taxa figured here from an actual digital picture tak en in ix. 2012 have already been described before (in chronological in BMNH, still with the for mer ly at tached syntype label or der): and without LT label (Fig. 2). A tissue sample of this lec to­ • Loepa damartis Jordan, 1911 type was sent from BMNH (via R. Brech lin, see Brechlin & Kitching 2010) to the CCDB in Guelph, and there an in com­ • Loepa miranda taipeishanis Mell, 1939 plete COI mtDNA bar code se quence was achie ved, which • Loepa miranda septentrionalis Mell, 1939 is also used here for com pa ri son and to “root” the DNA • Loepa wlingana Yang, 1978 systematics to the classical mor pho lo gy­bas ed con cepts, just as well as the se quence data of the lec to type of L. mi ran da • Loepa damartis szechwana Zhu & Wang, 1993 (also in BMNH), used here as out group. In the present publication we describe two further spe­ Locus typicus: Not exactly given in Jordan’s description, cies from China and give a review of the entire sub group. cited there as “Zentral­ und West­China, im Spätsommer [late summer]”; the type locality was later fixed as [PR Chi­ Abbreviations na, Sichuan], S. Szechuen, Nanchuen, July–Sept., by des ig na­ BC COI barcode number. tion of a lectotype by Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15). This place possibly corresponds to the present­day Nan chu an BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. district of Chong qing. CCAS Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Citations in literature: PR Chi na. Loepa damartis Jordan (1911: 214, fig. 32d ♂ [not 34d, as written CMBS Collection Martin Beeke, Stemwede, Germany. in the text]); [Cockerell in] Packard (1914: 163); Seitz (1928: CMWM Collection Museum Witt, München, Germany, as sig ned 506); Bouvier & Riel (1931: 49); Roepke (1953: 227); Zhu & Wang to ZSM. (1983: 411, pl. 133, fig. 2966 ♂ [misinterpretation, the fi gur ed CSLL Collection Swen Löffler, Lichtenstein/Sachsen, Ger­ specimen appears to be a ♂ of L. kuangtungensis]); Wang (1988: ma ny. 460 [probably misinterpretation]; 1992: 801 [mis in ter pre ta tion, CSNB Collection Stefan Naumann, Berlin, Germany. the figured specimen appears to be a ♂ of L. kuang tun gen sis]); CWAN Collection Wolfgang A. Nässig, Frankfurt am Main, now Zhu & Wang (1996: pl. VI, fig. 6 [see also below under miss pel­ in SMFL. ling “L. damaritis” for a further citation of that book] [misi n ter­ GP Genitalia dissection number. pre ta tion; the figured ♂ is not a member of the damartis­group at all, but more likely a ♂ specimen of L. kuangtungensis]); D’Ab re ra HT Holotype. (1998: 50, 51 fig. lower ♂ [no ♀, as indicated by D’Abrera]); Yen et LT Lectotype. al. (2000: 153, 161); Robinson et al. (2001: 247; more likely this is MAKB Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. a note regarding L. kuangtungensis, based on Chinese misi den ti fi­ MHNL Museé d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon, Lyon, France. ca tions); Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15, ♂ lectotype des ig nat ed); MNHN Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Brechlin (2010: 30). NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria. Lœpa [sic] Damartis: Conte (1919: 200, pl. X, fig. 3 ♂). PLT Paralectotype. Loëpa [sic] damartis: Schüssler (1933: 91; 1934: 600). PT Paratype. Loepa katinka damartis: Bouvier (1936: 233). SMFL Senckenberg­Museum, Collection of Lepidoptera, Frank­ Leopa [sic] damartis: Yang (1978: 439). furt am Main, Germany. Loepa damaritis [sic]: Zhu & Wang (1993: 273, fig. 9 ♂ genitalia © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 89 Table 1: Data of the specimens used for the mtDNA sequence analyses. — Additional abbreviations: GBAC = GenBank Access Code; HT = holotype; LT = lectotype; PT = paratype; SL = Sequence Length (data from Bold); — = GBAC not yet available. Loepa species Sample-ID Process-ID GBAC SL Sex Deposition Locality of origin L. damartis (LT) SAT BMNH 0002 SANHM002­09 — 630[0n]bp ♂ BMNH China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 3390 SASNC1401­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3391 SASNC1402­12 — 658[0n]bp ♀ CSLL Chian, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 3392 SASNC1403­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 3388 SASNC1399­12 — 658[0n]bp ♀ CSLL China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 0549 SASNA549­08 — 648[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. damartis SNB 0761 SASNA761­09 GU664308 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Hunan L. damartis SNB 0552 SASNA552­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Fujian L. damartis SNB 0762 SASNA762­09 GU664311 621[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3380 SASNC1391­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. damartis SNB 3381 SASNC1392­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. damartis SNB 3387 SASNC1398­12 — 633[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. damartis SNB 0550 SASNA550­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. damartis SNB 3383 SASNC1394­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3382 SASNC1393­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3385 SASNC1396­12 — 658[1n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Fuijian L. damartis SNB 0548 SASNA548­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Yunnan L. damartis SNB 3386 SASNC1397­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Guangdong L. damartis SNB 2751 SASNC667­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Guizhou L. damartis SNB 2752 SASNC668­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Guizhou L. taipeishanis SNB 3398 SASNC1409­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3396 SASNC1407­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. taipeishanis SNB 0558 SASNA558­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0770 SASNA770­09 GU664318 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3400 SASNC1411­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0765 SASNA765­09 GU664314 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0767 SASNA767­09 GU664315 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3402 SASNC1413­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 0769 SASNA769­09 GU664316 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3403 SASNC1414­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. taipeishanis SNB 3399 SASNC1410­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. wlingana SNB 0561 SASNA561­08 — 648[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 0560 SASNA560­08 — 632[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Beijing L. wlingana SNB 0562 SASNA562­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Liaoning L. wlingana SNB 3405 SASNC1416­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 3404 SASNC1415­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 0768 SASNA768­09 GU664317 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 3395 SASNC1406­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Beijing L. wlingana SNB 3406 SASNC1417­12 — 658[0n]bp ♀ CSLL China, Hebei L. wlingana SNB 4090 SASNC1721­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ coll. Zou Yi China, Beijing L. wlingana SNB 0771 SASNA771­09 GU664320 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Liaoning L. wlingana SNB 0764 SASNA764­09 GU664312 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Guangxi L. elongata sp. n. (HT) SNB 0553 SASNA553­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ ex CSNB in ZMHU China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 0554 SASNA554­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 0775 SASNA775­09 GU664322 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 2644 SASNC560­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 2645 SASNC561­11 — 619[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Sichuan L. elongata sp. n. (PT) SNB 2646 SASNC562­11 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Yunnan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0559 SASNA559­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0763 SASNA763­09 GU664310 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3393 SASNC1404­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3394 SASNA1405­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Gansu L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0556 SASNA556­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0564 SASNA564­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0766 SASNA766­09 GU664313 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3401 SASNC1412­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Shaanxi L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3397 SASNC1408­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSLL China, Hubei L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0557 SASNA557­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0760 SASNA760­09 GU664309 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0555 SASNA555­08 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 3681 SASNC1597­12 — 658[0n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Sichuan L. melli sp. n. (PT) SNB 0563 SASNA563­08 — 634[1n]bp ♂ CSNB China, Jiangxi For comparison as outgroup L. miranda (LT) SAT­BMNH0001 SANHM001­09 — 553[89n]bp ♂ BMNH India, [Himalaya] © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 90 1 2 3a 3b 4 Fig. 1: Map showing the partly sympatric distribution of the 5 species of the subgroup of Loepa damartis. Type localities in bold symbols. — Map bas ed on vegetation zone colours. Map creat ed with Map Creator 2.0 Personal Edition, © 2003–2007 www.primap.com/de/, modified and loc a li ties added. — Figs. 2–47: Specimens of Loepa species of the damartis subgroup [always no letter or a = dorsal, b = ventral side, c = other details]; all localities in PR China. — Figs. 2–4: L. damartis. Fig. 2: ♂ LT of L. damartis, S. Sichuan, Nanchuen, vii.–ix., BMNH (© The Natural History Mu se um [BMNH], London). Figs. 3a, b: ♂, Sichuan, Qingc heng Hou Shan, 70 km NW Chengdu, 1500 m, vii. 2007, S. Murzin leg., CSNB. Fig. 4: ♂, W. Sichuan, Baoxin, viii. 1996, CSNB. — Pictures of spe ci mens ap pro xi mate ly to the same scale, scale in cm with 0.5 mm subdivisions. Labels often reduced to greyscale and contrast enhanced for better le g i bili ty. Figs. 5–13: L. damartis. Fig. 5: ♂, SW Gansu, Danque, Duoershan, viii. 2005, Li et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 6: ♂, E. Guizhou, Kaili env., Leigongshan, 1500 m, ix. 2001, Li leg., CSNB. Fig. 7: ♂, Hunan, Huaihua, Huangyuan Mt., 1200 m, ix. 2001, Li & Wen leg., CSNB. Fig. 8: ♂, N. Fujian, Bijiashan, Renshou, ix. 2002, Li et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 9: ♂, Shaanxi, Lueyang, vii. 2010, E. Kučera leg., CSNB. Fig. 10: ♂, Yunnan, Lanchang County, E Simao, Heishan, 2200–2400 m, ix. 1999, Wang & Li leg., CSNB. Fig. 11: ♂, Tibet, Linzhi County, Famudul, ca. 3000 m, vii. 2005, CSNB. Figs. 12a, b: ♀, Sichuan, Luzhou, © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 91 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12a 12b 13 14 15a 15b 16 17a 17b 18 19 20 2000 m, viii. 2008, ex CSLL, CSNB. Fig. 13: ♀, W. Shaanxi, Taibaishan, Yuhangshan, 1800 m, viii. 2000, Wang leg., CSNB. — Figs. 14–21: L. taipeishanis. Figs. 14: ♂ LT of L. miranda taipeishanis, S. Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, Taibaishan, 1700 m, 10. viii. 1936, H. Höne leg., GP 675/93 WAN, MAKB. Fig. 15a, b: ♂, PLT of L. miranda taipeishanis, S. Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, Taibaishan, 1700 m, 28. vii. 1935, H. Höne leg., GP 905/03 SNB, MAKB. Fig. 16: ♂, PLT of L. miranda taipeishanis, S. Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, Taibaishan, 1700 m, 27. vii. 1935, H. Höne leg., MAKB. Fig. 17a, b: ♂, Shaanxi, Tsinling Mts., S Taibaishan, Houzhenzi village, 1600 m, 20. ix.–12. x. 1999, leg. V. Siniaev & A. Plutenko, CSNB. Fig. 18: ♂, E. Shaanxi, Yu hang ding, Shanguan, 1600 m, viii. 2000, Wang leg., CSNB. Figs. 19: ♂, Shaanxi, Qinling Mts., Foping env., 1500 m, ix.–x. 2005, CSNB. Fig. 20: ♂, Hubei, Wudang Shan, 1500 m, viii.–ix. 2000, CSLL. — Pictures of specimens ap pro xi mate ly to the same scale, scale in cm with 0.5 mm subdivisions (phot. S.N.: grey scale), respectivly 1.0 mm (phot. S.L.: brown scale and phot. W.A.N.: yellow scale). © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 92 [misinterpretation]); Zhu & Wang (1996: 125, fig. 92 ♂ genitalia Loepa katinka kuangtungensis Mell, 1939 [misinterpretation]); Naumann (2003: 164 [citation of the mis spel­ This relatively small and intensively yellow species is ling by Zhu & Wang 1993, 1996]); Wang (2004: 411 [mis in ter pre­ ta tion]). widespread in all southern provinces of China, but not on Taiwan where it is replaced by L. formosensis Mell, The taxa described by Mell (1939): Loepa miranda 1939 (synonym: formosibia Bryk, 1944; this synonymy taipeishanis Mell, 1939, L. miranda septentrionalis prob ably first sup pos ed by Roepke 1953: 227, then pub li­ Mell, 1939 and others sh ed by Owada & Wang 1992: 205, note 31; see also Yen et al. 2000: 154). It is of dark yel low colour, in ten sive ly The taxa described by Mell in 1939 are the main reas on mar k ed, ty pi cal are the broad pink ish red fore wing an te­ for the confusion in the damartis­group until to day, as me di an line which ends to wards the costal mar gin with they never were figured (under the correct name ap plied out er grey margin, and the dark grey hind wing an te­ to them by Mell); only syntypes were men tion ed by me di an line which ends in male spe cimens with a pink Mell (no designation of holotypes), and further be cause patch at the anal margin. The eye spots are of medium to he described in the same pa per another taxon, L. ka tin ka large size, those of the fore wing some times have a cos­ septentrionalis, which clear ly is a primary hom o nym of L. tal “eye lid” (com pare, e.g., the photo of a ♀ in Zhao & Li miranda sep ten trio na lis. 2005, men tion ed there as “L. anthera Jor dan, 1911”). In Dur ing preparation of this manuscript and fur ther work ♂ ge ni ta lia the uncus is bifid at its tip, and so it is clearly on pa laearctic Sa tur niidae we found most ma terial of a mem ber of the ka tin ka­group (Nau mann 1995: 82), Mell’s type series to be housed in MAKB, but also dis­ and the internal crest (or inner pro cess) of the valves is per s ed to the coll ec tions of ZMHU, BMNH and CMWM (typical for most species of the ka tinka­group) short and (com pare also ci ta tion of Mell’s 1939 work in Nau mann knob­like, not an elongate crest as usual for most species 2003: 164 or Nau mann & Nässig 2010: 36, 49, 50). In of the miranda­group (Figs. 76–78; com pare also genitalia many cases spe ci mens are not labelled as syn ty pes pro­ figures in Zhu & Wang 1993: 273, figs. 9a, b, or 1996: 125, perly, and at the same time the originally given num ber fig. 92). All no tes on L. da mar tis (and its misspelling of specimens in the type se ries could not be ve ri fied — “da maritis”) and those on “L. an the ra” in rec ent Chinese either we did not find all syn types, or there were more li terature in fact re fer to L. ku ang tun gen sis, probably specimens in museum coll ections than synt ypes lis ted based on the mis in ter pre ta tion by Zhu & Wang (1983), by Mell. In some cases Mell obviously wor k ed with and then per pe tuat ed again and again. L. ku ang tun gen sis only a part of the existing material, and later fur ther was rai s ed to spe cific sta tus by Nau mann (1998: 52, 54). specimens with the same or different coll ec t ing da ta by Type material: The taxon kuangtungensis Mell, 1939 was Höne were ad ded to the series which evi dently were not de scribed based on a series of 62 ♂♂ and 74 ♀♀, but Mell seen beforehand by Mell when de scri b ing the taxa. That gave no collecting or rearing data and mentioned the ori gin of the material as “Nordkwangtung (alle Berg wald ge bie te, may be cau s ed by a situation that perhaps just a frac­ typ. Lokalität: Tshayuenshan), auch Süd­ und Mitt el hu nan tion of the en tire material was then already set and plac­ [trans lated: N Guangdong (all mountainous fo rest areas, ed into dra wers when he work ed on it. Later, after his ty pical locality: Tshayuenshan), also S and C Hu nan]”. We pub li ca tion, the rest of the col lec ting results was, af ter have not located the complete original type se ries, mainly setting, in cor po rat ed into the drawers of MAKB and/ due to the facts mentioned above. We found material which or ZMHU. Also, it might have been cause d by the fact de finitely can be assigned to the orig i nal series indicated by the handwritten de ter mi na tion and type labels of Mell that Mell obviously mainly worked in Chi na and Ber lin in the collections of MAKB and ZMHU, but the material during the preparation of his ma nu script, but some or ap pears to be in part dis pers ed into other col lec tions or most of the material was in Bonn then and he had no could even have been in part des troy ed during World War II. com plete ac cess to all specimens at the time. In ad di tion, In MAKB we found in total 6 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ of potential syn­ there was an intense exchange of mat erial dur ing that types, all with printed labels “Hoeng­Shan (900 m), Pro­ time, so parts of the type series were dispersed into other vinz Hunan, China, coll. Höne“ with different dates (♂♂ with data: 2× 22. iv. 1933, 3. v. 1933, 18. v. 1933, 30. viii. col lec tions, and perhaps some of the syn ty pes may still 1933, 1. ix. 1933; ♀♀ with data: 27. iv. 1933, 13. v. 1933) on be re dis co ver ed at other pla ces. pink card board. Two ♂♂ bear genitalia labels with numbers To fix the unclear and often doubtful identities of 4 of 1331/00 Nässig and 904/03 Naumann, and the latter has also a handwritten label by Mell with text “L. kat. kuang­ the 5 continental Chin ese Loepa taxa described by Mell tun gen sis Mell, Paratyp”. Thereby it is ob vi ous that ma te rial (1939), we here pro vide an overview about the material from this locality was included into the type series. The lat­ found by us and designate lectotypes, alt hough 2 of 4 ter ♂ with data 18. v. 1933, genitalia no. 904/03 Nau mann, taxa in vol v ed are no members of the da mar tis­complex at is herewith designated as lectotype of L. ka tin ka kuang­ all, but are more closely related to L. katinka Westwood, tungensis (Figs. 48a, b), in order to fix the identity of the taxon with a locality in Hunan pro vin ce. A red lecto type 1848 and belong to that species­group. For the 5th con­ label will be added accordingly. ti nen tal taxon described by Mell (1939), L. yun nana There are several further specimens determined as L. Mell, 1939, alr ea dy raised to spec ific rank by Yen et al. ka tin ka kuangtungensis, partly by handwritten labels of (2000: 161), a ♂ lectotype was then de sig nat ed from the Mell, and partly due to the fact that they have same locality collections of MAKB by Naumann (2003: 164). labels but no determination label, but these ori ginate either © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 93 from Li­kiang, W Yunnan Province, or from Kua tun, Fujian On aver age it is a little larger, has smaller eyes pots, and Province [mentioned as Fukien on the Hö ne label], or from is less intensively marked. In ♂ genitalia the uncus is E Tien­Mu­Shan, Lingan or Mokanshan, both in Chekiang bi fid as in L. kuangtungensis, but valves are on average Province. All of them are not part of the type series. On the a little more elongate, and the internal crest (or inner other side we could not locate any Mell ma terial from the pro cess) in not knob­like, but more acute at its ventral lo cality Tshayuenshan in Guang dong Pro vince which was men tioned in the original de scrip tion. end, and has a lon ger costa to the apical part of the val ve In the general collection in ZMHU are 8 ♂♂ and 17 ♀♀ spe­ apex (Figs. 79–81). Most probably the inf or ma tion on ci mens which we accept to be paralectotypes, as they can “L. anthera” in Zhu & Wang (1993: 272, 1996: 125) re fers be iden tified by the typical large handwritten Mell la bel; to L. sep tentrionalis, but this is not absolutely sure (in 2 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ have data “China, viii. 1912, Tong­cung­ 1996: pl. VI, fig. 5 they ob viously figure a ♀ of L. ku ang­ san, Mell S.V.”, the rest has no locality data but has labels tungensis under that name). Due to the obvious and sta­ with illegible Chinese letters, partly with additional coll ec­ bile dif fer ences to L. kuang tun gen sis we inter prete L. ting date, attached. 2 ♂♂ have additional genitalia label with nos. 004­ and 005­1999 ZMB, and one dried prep a­ sep ten trio nalis stat. n. here as a se par ate species within ra tion with out number is fixed to another ♂ specimen. To the katinka­group of species and formally raise it to spe­ all those specimens we will add blue paralectotype lab els. cies level (a lectotype is de signated below). Al rea dy Mell In the Mell collection kept separately in ZMHU there is a (1939: 151) men tion ed the mor pho lo gi cal dif fer ences to box with further 6 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ specimens, with a hand­ L. ku ang tungensis; his name refers to the more northe rn written head ing label in typical Mell style in the box “L. k. kuang tun gen sis Mell Typ. u. Paratyp.”, and all those spe­ dis tri bu tion, com par ed to the latter spe cies, al though cimens have no locality data and obviously resulted from not ex plicitly stated in the original de scrip tion. We also a rearing by Mell, perhaps still during his time in Chin a. fi gure one recently col lected pair from Shaanxi, to show There are ad di tional heading labels in the box for a group the dif fe r en ces to L. kuang tun gen sis (Figs. 50–51). of spe ci mens each. Label for 1 ♀: “überw. Gen., iii.–iv. [over­ win ter ed generation, March–April]”; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀: “2. Gen. Mell (1939) also described another Loepa taxon un der vi., Nach kom men von ♀ [followed by illegible hand written the identical subspecific name [L. miranda] sep ten trio­ note in Mell’s handwriting; 2nd generation, June, off spring na lis which there by is a pri ma ry homonym; the further of ♀ …]”; and finally 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: “2.–3. Gen., foll ow ed by dealing with this most unfortunate error of Mell see something illegible, handwritten by Mell, and 4. vii.–10. ix. below un der this ta xon. [2.–3. generation, …, 4. vii.–10. ix.]”; two pairs of the lat ter ones are labelled separately as “viii.”, the re mai n ing two ♂♂ Type material: Loepa katinka septentrionalis was described as “ix.”. Thereby it becomes clear that those spe ci mens are after a series of 19 ♂♂ syntypes from Taibai Shan, southern probably not the complete se ries Mell had in his hands. Shaanxi Pro vin ce, at altitudes of around 1700 m. Similar to Perhaps the complete box was a part of Mell’s “working the si tua tion with L. kuangtungensis, it was impossible to collection” which was brought only to the mu seum after lo cate the com plete ori ginal type series, for similar reasons his death in the year 1970 and shows the im proper la belling as men tion ed above. In total, we found 7 ♂♂ syntypes in by Mell. The rearing experiments ex plain also the unusual the col lec tions of MAKB and ZMHU, which can definitely be ratio of ♂♂ to ♀♀. We accept also those 10 spe ci mens in the as sign ed to the type series, partly from handwritten de ter­ Mell collection as paral ec to ty pes, which will be indicated by mi na tion and type la bels by Mell, and the rest by similar blue labels as well. lo ca li ty data labels. Locus typicus: By designation of a lectotype the type lo ca­ There are in total 5 specimens in MAKB of which 3 have a li ty of L. katinka kuangtungensis becomes PR China, Hun an red cardboard label reading “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­ Pro vince, Hoeng Shan, 900 m. The locality would be na med Shensi [Shaanxi Prov.] (China), 21. vi. 1935, 22. vi. 1935” to day as PR China, Hunan Prov., Heng Shan, near Hengy ang, and “3. vii. 1935, H. Höne“, plus additional genitalia label a mountain at geographical coordinates 27°16' N, 112°35' E “GP 1329/00 W. A. Nässig” respectively “GP 1332/00 W. A. (Schintlmeister 1992: 210). Nässig”, plus one bearing a part of the former envelope Citation in literature: with date “22. vi. 1935” stamped on it. The specimen da ted 21. vi. 1935 has a small cardboard box attached with dried Loepa katinka kuangtungensis Mell (1939: 151). ge ni ta lia structures dissected probably by Mell hims elf; the Loepa katinka kuantungensis [sic]: Roepke (1953: 227). struc tures are no longer determinable and very brok en. A Loepa kuangtungensis: Naumann (1995: 82; 1998: 52, 54); Yen et hand writ ten Mell label reading “Loepa kat. sep ten trio na­ al. (2000: 161); Brechlin (2010: 30); Wang & Kishida (2011: 148, lis Mell Typ o. Parat.“ is attached to that spe ci men. The 2 pl. 53, fig. 3 ♂ [with misspelling kunagtungensis in plate le gend]). other specimens have a similar red label read ing “Ta pei­ Loepa damartis: Zhu & Wang (1983: 411, pl. 133, fig. 2966 ♂ [mis­ shan im Tsinling, Sued­Shensi [Shaanxi Prov.], ca. 1700 m, in ter pre tation]). 22. v. 1936” and “17. vi. 1936, H. Höne”; the specimen dat ed Loepa damaritis [sic, misspelling]: Zhu & Wang (1993: 273, fig. 9a, 22. v. 1936 bears 2 additional hand writ ten labels read ing “L. b [mis in ter pre tation]; 1996: 125, fig. 92, pl. VI, fig 6 ♂ [mis in ter­ katinka spp. septentrionalis Mell” [most prob ably not writ­ pre ta tion]). ten by Mell himself] and “GP 1335/00 W. A. Näs sig”. Loepa anthera: Zhu & Wang (1983: 411, pl. 133, fig. 2965 ♀ [misi n­ In ZMHU we found in the Mell collection 2 specimens from ter pretation]; 1996: 125, fig. 91, pl. VI, fig 5 ♀ [misi n ter pre ta tion]); the type locality; one has the same red cardboard lo ca lity Zhao & Li (2005: 152, fig. ♀ [misinterpretation]). label reading “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­Shensi (China), ♂, 17. v. 1936, H. Höne”, a separate date label “17. May 1936”, Loepa katinka septentrionalis Mell, 1939 cut from its former envelope, and a blue gen italia label reading “GU­Nr. 002­1999 ZMB”. It has a fore wing length This taxon is a close relative of L. kuangtungensis and of 46 mm. We hereby designate this spe ci men as lectotype re places it in the mountainous areas of Shaanxi, Gansu of L. katinka septentrionalis (Figs. 49a, b, 78), in order to fix and partly in northern Sichuan and Yunnan pro vin ces. the identity of that taxon, especially in com parison and in © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 94 contrast to L. kuangtungensis. We will add a red lec to type those specimens Mell referred in his description, and with­ label accordingly. The second specimen in ZMHU bears out designation of a lectotype the identity of that taxon a similar locality label with date 29. vi. 1935 im prin t ed, a would remain some how dubious (there occurs a second separate date label “29. June 1935” cut from the en ve lope, very similar spec ies in Shaanxi, see below). Thereby we and a blue genitalia label “GU­Nr. 001­1999 ZMB” (Fig. 80). herewith de sig nate as lectotype of L. miranda taipeishanis It also has a handwritten Mell label “L. ka tin ka sep ten trio na­ (Fig. 14) a ♂ with data “Ta pei shan im Tsinling, Sued­Shen si, lis Mell, 2 Parat.” attached, which proba b ly was a head er in ca. 1700 m, 10. viii. 1936, H. Höne” and additional ge ni ta lia this ZMHU box for the two specimens for merly. label “GP 675/93 W. A. Nässig” from MAKB; a red lec to type We will add blue paralectotype labels to the remaining 6 label will be ad ded accordingly. pa ra lectotypes. From the rest of the mat erial we se pa rate 7 further ♂♂ as Locus typicus: As given in the original description, the paralectotypes; they have following data: 3 ♂♂, 2. viii. 1935, type locality is “Südshensi, Tapeishan, around 1700 m”. The 2 of them with the mentioned paratype la bels hand writ ten locality would be listed today as PR China, Shaanx i Prov., by Mell; 1 ♂, 27. vii. 1935; 1 ♂ 28. vii. 1935, al most com­ Qingling Mts., Taibai Shan. The Taibai Shan is the highest pletely without markings on its wings (Fig. 15); and 2 ♂♂, peak of the Qingling Mts., with a summit ele va tion of over viii. 1936. They are separated from the rest of the mat erial, 4000 m, but the collecting site was some where at much lower and blue paralectotype labels will be added ac cor d ing ly. elevations, perhaps at the his to ric collecting site of Lototse Locus typicus: Not explicitly mentioned in the original village which is about at 1700 m altitude (Schintlmeister de scrip tion, but from the name it is clear that the taxon ori­ 1992: 213). gi nates from “Tapeishan”. By designation of the lectotype Citation in literature: the type locality gets fixed as “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­ Loepa katinka septentrionalis Mell (1939: 151); Roepke (1953: Shen si, 1700 m” [= PR China, Shaanxi Prov., Qingling Mts., 227); Brechlin (2010: 30; cited with unclear status [synonym of L. Tai bai Shan, 1700 m]. See also notes on the type locality kuangtungensis?]). un der L. katinka septentrionalis above. Citation in literature: Loepa miranda taipeishanis Mell, 1939 Loepa miranda taipeishanis Mell (1939: 152); Roepke (1953: 227). This is one of three very small Loepa species within the Loepa miranda tapeishanis [sic]: Roepke (1953: 227). complex of L. damartis, confined to a distribution in Loepa taipeishanis: Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 16, checklist [and mountains of central and eastern Shaanxi and near by ge ni ta lia illustration fig. 16]; not ex plicitely raised in status); Brech lin (2010: 30, checklist; not ex plicitely raised in status). northern Hubei provinces. It is of light whitish yel low Loepa miranda [error in determination]: D’Abrera (1998: 51, fig. colour, the antemedian line is narrow and grey, endi ng upper ♂). in about half of the specimens on the forewing costa with a proximal carmine shadow. The post me di an and sub­ Loepa miranda ‡septentrionalis Mell, 1939 marginal lines are slightly indicated, in some spec i mens This taxon probably is the closest relative of L. taip ei sha­ almost completely reduced. An ten nae of fresh spe cimens nis, oc cur ring in most provinces of northeastern Chi na. often are of green colour and fade later to och reous brown It is the smallest of all three taxa within the complex of in most cases, as already men tioned by Mell (1938: 152). whit ish yellow Loepa species of the damartis­sub group, Male genitalia show a fused uncus, and the internal crest also shows the thin grey antemedian line, ending in all (or inner process) of the valves is al most a straight struc­ ♂♂ and ♀♀ specimens on the forewing costa with a tiny ture without any larger pro tu ber ances. With res pect to pro ximal carmine shadow. The ornamentation is some­ the mtDNA COI barcode, the tax on taipeishanis forms a weakly de fined cluster withi n the resulting MP tree, with only less than 1% dif fer ence to the most closely related Figs. 14–21: L. taipeishanis. — Figs. 21a, b: ♀, Shaanxi, Ning Shan, taxon, L. wlingana Yang, 1978, which forms a much more 1500 m, summer–ix. 2001, CSLL. — Figs. 22–35: L. wlingana. Fig. 22: homogenous clus ter for itself (Text­Fig. 1). Due to stabile ♂ HT of L. wlingana, reproduction of the very poor figure in the original description. Figs. 23a, b: ♂ LT of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis, Shanxi, Mien and re pro duc ible mor pho lo gi c al dif fe rences we here by Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m, 31. vii. 1937, H. Höne leg., GP 681/93 raise L. tai pei sha nis stat. n. to spe cies level. According to WAN, MAKB. Fig. 24: ♂ PLT of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis, Shanxi, Mien the dif fer ent fore wing ante me dian band it clearly is no Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m, 30. vii. 1937, H. Höne leg., GP 906/03 SNB, MAKB. Fig. 25: ♂ HT of L. damartis szechwana, Sichuan, Huili, vii. sub spe cies of L. miranda at all. 1974, Han Yinheng leg., CCAS. Fig. 25c: Labels of the HT of L. damartis Type material: L. miranda taipeishanis was described after szechwana, CCAS. Figs. 26a, b: ♂, Beijing, 110 km NW Mentougou, a series of 8 ♂♂; a type locality was not mentioned in the Xiaolongmen Forest Station, 1100 m, viii. 2000, A. Schintl meis ter leg., CSNB. Figs. 27a, b: ♂, Hebei, Fengling County, Yunwushan, 1600 m, original description, but, self­explanatory from the name, viii. 2003, Ying leg., CSNB. Figs. 28a, b: ♂, Liaoning, Benxi, Qiangshan, it is clear that the taxon was named after its origin “Tap ei­ 1700 m, viii. 2005, Yi et al. leg., CSNB. Figs. 29a, b: ♂, W. Guangxi, shan” [PR China, Shaanxi, Taibai Shan]. In total, we located Tian E, Datingshan, 1300 m, viii. 2005, Yi et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 30: ♀, 53 ♂♂ in MAKB which could be possible syntypes, all with Shanxi, Mien Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m, 6. viii. 1937, H. Höne leg., relatively similar collecting data printed on red card board MAKB. Figs. 31a, b: ♀, Hebei, Fengling County, Yunwushan, 1600 m, labels reading “Tapeishan im Tsinling, Sued­Shen si (China), viii. 2003, Ying leg., CSNB. Figs. 32a, b: ♀, Liaoning, Benxi, Qiangshan, H. Höne” [with different dates in 1935] and “Tapeishan im 1700 m, viii. 2005, Yi et al. leg., CSNB. Fig. 33: Antennae of ♂ PLT of L. Tsinling, Sued­Shensi, ca. 1700 m, H. Hö ne” [with different miranda ‡septentrionalis, MAKB (see Fig. 24). Fig. 34: L. wlingana, ova deposited by wild collected ♀, Hebei, viii. 2003. Fig. 35: L. wlingana, dates in 1936]; only 2 of them bear a handw ritten Mell larva (with 2 tachinid eggs), Song Shan Natural Reserve, NW Beijing, la bel reading “L. miranda taipeishanis Mell Typ o. Parat.”, 2006, photo by courtesy of Li Kai. — Pictures of specimens ap pro xi mate ly and so it is not clear which of the other specimens were in to the same scale, scale in cm with 0.5 mm subdivisions (phot. S.N.: hands of Mell during his de scrip tio nal work. Similar to the grey scale), respectivly 1.0 mm (phot. S.N.: black scale, phot. S.L.: brown si tuation with L. kuang tun gen sis, it is not clear to which of scale, and phot. W.A.N.: yellow scale). © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 95 21a 21b 22 25c 23 24 25 26a 26b 27a 27b 28a 29a 29b 30 28b 34 31a 31b 32a 32b 33 35 © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 96 what more intense compared to L. taipeishanis, and the Loepa wlingana Yang, 1978 ♂ forewing ocelli are somewhat larger, in alm ost all cases L. wlingana is a younger subjective synonym of L. mi ran da with a small lid­like pattern conn ec t ing the ocel lus to ‡sep ten trio nalis, but, as mentioned above, the lat ter is the costa. Antennae of fresh spec i mens of ten are also a primary ho monym of L. katinka septen trio nalis, and of green colour (see de tail in Fig. 33) and later fade to thereby L. wlingana becomes the valid available re place­ ochreous brown in most cases, as already men tioned by ment name of this Loe pa spe cies (ICZN 1999: Art. 60.2) Mell (1938: 152); also ♂ ab do mi na often fade to some occuring most northe rnly within the gen us. Al though sort of greenish co lour if they get greasy. ♂ ge ni ta lia the figure of the ♂ ho lo type in the de scrip tio nal work similar to L. tai pei sha nis, the saccus a little wide r, and is somewhat diffuse and we could not yet ex amine the the internal crest (or inner proc ess) of the valves with a specimen personally, the iden tity of the ta xon is clear dor sal knob­like pro tu ber ance. by its description and due to the situation that only one This taxon would have to be rised to specific status, but Loepa species occurs so far northernly. due to a primary homonymy with L. katinka sep ten trio­ Due to the constant character differences mentioned na lis, already dealt with above, the name is un avail able al rea dy un der L. miranda ‡septentrionalis and differences (ICZN 1999, Art. 57.2). As both taxa were de scrib ed in the to its clo sest relative, L. taipeishanis, we deal with L. same publication and both at identical subs pecific level, wlin ga na on full species level. Also the differences and we herewith decide in accordance with the prin ci ple of bootstrap values of the bar code analysis support this sta­ the first revising authors (ICZN 1999, Art. 24.2) that L. tus (see dis cus sion and Text­Fig. 1). katinka septentrionalis should have preference over L. Type material: L. wlingana was described after one ♂ with miranda ‡septentrionalis. With this situation, it be comes following data given in the original description: PR China, ne ces sary to replace the latter name by a re place ment He bei Prov., Xinglong, Wuling Mountains, 1700 m, 23. viii. name; the next available syno nym of L. mi ran da ‡sep ten­ 1973, at light, leg. Yang Jikun [in Chinese letters]. This spe­ ci men is a holotype by monotypy. It is believed to be held trio na lis is L. wlingana Yang, 1978 (ICZN 1999: Art. 60.2) in the collections of China Agricultural University (for mer ly which is now to be used as the valid name for the spe cies, named Beijing Agricultural University, as writ ten on the see be low. front cover of the publication by Yang 1978) in Beijing, but Type material: L. miranda ‡septentrionalis was described could not be located and examined so far. The HT is fi gur ed af ter a series of 6 ♂♂ syntypes originating from “Shansi here as reproduction of the very poor illustration in the ori­ (Mien shan)”, without notification of further data. In MAKB ginal description (Fig. 22). we located a series of 10 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ with same loc a li ty data Locus typicus: As given in the description, it is PR Chi na, “Mien­Shan (Prov. Shansi), obere Höhe ca. 2000 m, H. Höne”, He bei Prov., Xinglong, Wuling Mountains [= Wu ling Shan], collected at different dates in vii. and viii. 1937. These data 1700 m. This locality is northeast of the capital Bei jing, at are printed on green cardboard la bels. 1 ♂, dated 29. vii. 1937, about 40°42' N, 117°30' E. has a handwritten Mell label reading “L. mir. septentrionalis Citation in literature: Mell Typus”, and 3 ♂♂, collected 31. vii., 1. viii. and 4. viii. Leopa [sic] wlingana Yang (1978: 439, pl. 27, fig. 1 ♂ HT). 1937, are indicated as par a types with a label in same style; all Loepa wlingana: D’Abrera (1998: 50, with wrong citation of des crip­ other specimens are not indicated as types at all. Due to the tion); Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 16 [cited as possible syno nym situation of Mell’s description it is clear that only a syntype or subspecies of L. taipeishanis]); Brechlin (2010: 30; cited with series exists, as no holotype was chosen in the paper. To fix unclear status [possible synonym or subspecies of L. tai pei sha nis?]). the status of the taxon, we herewith designate as lectotype of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis a ♂ with collecting date 31. vii. 1937 and additional genitalia label “GP 681/93 W. A. Näs sig” Text-Fig. 1: Molecular Phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method conducted in MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011). The analysis involved (Figs. 23a, b); a red lectotype label will be added ac cor ding ly. 63 nucleotide sequences (= specimens). Codon positions included were From the rest of the material we separate as pa ra lectotypes 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All positions containing gaps and missing the 4 ♂♂ with Mell’s type labels men tion ed above plus one data were eliminated. There were a total of 423 positions in the final further ♂ with collecting date 30. vii. 1937 and additional dataset. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum genitalia label “GP 906/03 Naumann” (Fig. 24). The rest of Likelihood method based on the Data specific model (Nei & Kumar the existing material is no part of the type series. There even 2000). The bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 1000 replicates is taken exists one ♀ from the type lo cality, collected 6. viii. 1937 (Fig. to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analyzed (Felsenstein 1985). Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 30), which never was mentioned by Mell. 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate trees Locus typicus: As given by Mell in the original des crip tion, in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test the type locality of L. miranda ‡septentrionalis is “Mien­ (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985). shan, Shansi”. It would be named as Mian Shan [= Jie Shan], Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically as Shanxi prov., PR China, today. Schintlmeister (1992: 211) follows. When the number of common sites was < 100 or less than one fourth of the total number of sites, the maximum parsimony method rendered the locality more precisely as “ca. 37° N, 112° E, was used; otherwise BIONJ method with MCL distance matrix was a locality at the western slopes of the mount ain range, used. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary southeast of the railway station Kiaishui” [which would be rate differences among sites (5 categories [+ G, parameter = 0.3683]). named today as Huajiayao]. The rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionarily Citation in literature: invariable (+ I, 53.5501% sites). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. — We also Loepa miranda septentrionalis Mell (1939: 152); Roepke (1953: tested the data set when all data with less than 658 bp were eliminated 227); Brechlin & Kitching (2010: 15; cited as synonym of L. before MEGA5 was used; how ever, this did not improve the structure of miranda, and indicated as homonym); Brechlin (2010: 30; cited as the “weak” clusters. Other methods offered by MEGA5 resulted in similar synonym of L. miranda). to identical tree topologies. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main

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