Sustainable Construction Sustainable Construction Green Building Design and Delivery Fourth Edition Charles J. Kibert This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. 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Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2016. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015044564 | ISBN 9781119055174 (cloth : acid-free paper); 9781119055310 (ebk.); 9781119055327 (ebk.) Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable construction. | Sustainable buildings–United States–Design and construction. | Green technology—United States. | Sustainable architecture. Classification: LCC TH880 .K53 2016 | DDC 690.028/6–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015044564 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Charles, Nicole, and Alina, and in memory of two friends and sustainability stalwarts, Ray Anderson and Gisela Bosch CCoonntteennttss Preface xv Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 1 The Shifting Landscape for Green Buildings 1 The Roots of Sustainable Construction 5 Sustainable Development and Sustainable Construction 8 The Vocabulary of Sustainable Development and Sustainable Construction 9 Sustainable Design, Ecological Design, and Green Design 12 Rationale for High-Performance Green Buildings 14 State and Local Guidelines for High-Performance Construction 14 Green Building Progress and Obstacles 16 Trends in High-Performance Green Building 18 Book Organization 24 Case Study: The Pertamina Energy Tower: A Primer on Green Skyscraper Design 25 Summary and Conclusions 34 Notes 34 References 35 Part I Green Building Foundations 37 Chapter 2 Background 41 The Driving Forces for Sustainable Construction 44 Ethics and Sustainability 46 Basic Concepts and Vocabulary 55 Major Environmental and Resource Concerns 65 The Green Building Movement 70 Case Study: OWP 11, Stuttgart, Germany 78 Summary and Conclusions 81 Notes 82 References 83 vii viii Contents Chapter 3 Ecological Design 87 Design versus Ecological Design 88 Contemporary Ecological Design 96 Key Green Building Publications: Early 1990s 97 Key Thinking about Ecological Design 99 Evolving the Concept of Ecological Design 104 Thermodynamics: Limits on Recycling and the Dissipation of Materials 114 Case Study: Kroon Hall, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 118 Thought Piece: Regenerative Development and Design: Working with the Whole by Bill Reed 121 Summary and Conclusions 123 Notes 123 References 123 Part II Assessing High-Performance Green Buildings 127 Chapter 4 Green Building Assessment 129 Purpose of Green Building Assessment Systems 129 Major Green Building Assessment Systems Used in the United States 133 International Building Assessment Systems 136 BREEAM Case Study: AHVLA Stores Building, Weybridge, United Kingdom 138 Green Star Case Study 144 Thought Piece: Shifting Emphasis in Green Building Performance Assessment by Raymond J. Cole 149 Summary and Conclusions 151 Notes 152 References 152 Chapter 5 The US Green Building Council LEED Building Rating System 155 Brief History of LEED 156 Structure of the LEED Suite of Building Rating Systems 158 LEED Credentials 160 LEED v4 Structure and Process 161 LEED Building Design and Construction Rating System 166