Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 58 Asif Iqbal · Mazhar Iqbal · Madeeha Alamzeb · Song Meizhen · Zhang Xiling · Muhammad Arif · Xiongming Du · Eric Lichtfouse   Editors Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 58 Phosphorus Use Efficiency for Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Reviews Volume 58 SeriesEditor Eric Lichtfouse, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE,Aix-en-Provence,France AdvisoryEditors ShivenduRanjan,SchoolofBioSciencesandTechnology,VITUniversity,Vellore, TamilNadu,India NanditaDasgupta,Nano-foodResearchGroup,SchoolofBioSciencesand Technology,VITUniversity,Vellore,TamilNadu,India Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energyinasustainablewayforhumansandtheirchildren.Sustainableagricultureis adisciplinethataddressescurrentissuessuchasclimatechange,increasingfoodand fuelprices,poor-nationstarvation,rich-nationobesity,waterpollution,soilerosion, fertilityloss,pestcontrol,andbiodiversitydepletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculturedeciphermechanismsofprocessesthatoccurfromthemolecularlevelto the farming system to the global level at time scales ranging from seconds to centuries. For that, scientists use the system approach that involves studying com- ponentsandinteractionsofawholesystemtoaddressscientific,economicandsocial issues. In that respect, sustainable agriculture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negativeimpacts,sustainableagriculturetreatsproblemsources. Because most actual society issues are now intertwined, global, and fast- developing,sustainableagriculturewillbringsolutionstobuildasaferworld.This book series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe agriculture,energyandfoodsystemforfuturegenerations. (cid:129) (cid:129) Asif Iqbal Mazhar Iqbal Madeeha Alamzeb (cid:129) Song Meizhen Zhang Xiling (cid:129) Muhammad Arif Xiongming Du Eric Lichtfouse Editors Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 58 fi Phosphorus Use Ef ciency for Sustainable Agriculture Editors AsifIqbal MazharIqbal ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences ShaheedBenazirBhuttoUniversity CottonResearchInstitute SheringalDir(U),KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Anyang,Henan,China Pakistan PekingUniversityInstituteofAdvanced SongMeizhen AgriculturalSciences ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences Weifang,Shandong,China CottonResearchInstitute Anyang,Henan,China MadeehaAlamzeb PlantProtectionHeadquarter MuhammadArif DirectorateofAgricultureExtension DepartmentofAgronomy Peshawar,Pakistan TheUniversityofAgriculture Peshawar,Pakistan ZhangXiling ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences EricLichtfouse CottonResearchInstitute Aix-MarseilleUniversity,CNRS,IRD, Anyang,Henan,China INRAE,CollFrance,CEREGE Aix-en-Provence,France XiongmingDu ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences CottonResearchInstitute Anyang,Henan,China ISSN2210-4410 ISSN2210-4429 (electronic) SustainableAgricultureReviews ISBN978-3-031-16154-4 ISBN978-3-031-16155-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16155-1 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Foodsecurityhighlydependsontheavailabilityofplantnutrientssuchasphospho- rus, yet rock phosphate reserves are expected to be exhausted in the next 50–100 years. Moreover,about80%ofthephosphorous fertilizers appliedtosoilsbecome unavailable to plants due to phosphorous fixation in iron and aluminum oxides in acidicsoilsandwithcarbonatesinalkalinesoils.Asaconsequence,only10–15%of applied phosphorous is absorbed by crops. Therefore, there is a need for advanced practices for improving phosphorus use efficiency. This book presents recently developed biotechnological tools and management practices that can be used to improvephosphoroususeefficiencyinagriculture(Fig.1). Thisbook,entitledPhosphorusUseEfficiencyforSustainableAgriculture,ispart oftheseriesSustainableAgricultureReviews.Thefirstchapter,bySuh,reviewsthe principles of permaculture, with focus on general guidelines allowing to invent sustainableagriculturalpracticesinharmonywithsociety.Naturalandcommercial sourcesofphosphaticfertilizersarepresentedinChap.2byAbobattaetal.Chapter3 by Zain et al. explains that organic phosphorous is an alternative to mineral phos- phaticfertilizers.Adaptiveresponsesofcropspeciesagainstphosphorusdeficiency arediscussedbyAslametal.inChap.4.Then,Jehangiretal.discusstheusebiochar forsustainablephosphorusmanagementinagroecosystemsinChap.5.Chapter6by Farooqreviewsefficientphenotypingforassessinggenotypicvariationinphospho- rus use efficiency. Biotechnological tools for improving phosphorus use efficiency are presented in Chap. 7 by Malik et al. Riaz et al. detail the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant phosphorus acquisition in Chap. 8. Chapter 9 by Gabasawa explains that phosphorus cycle enzymes play a key role in alleviating soil phosphorus deficiency. Enhancement of phosphorus nutrition by biological nitrogenfixationinpasturesispresentedbyBelloinChap.10. v vi Preface Fig.1 Plantsthathavedevelopedsymbioticassociationwithmycorrhizalfungiintherootzone growbetterbecausemycorrhizalfungiproducehyphae.Hyphaearechannelsthatallowtocarry nutrientsfromremotesoilsareas.(FromChap.8byRiazetal.) Editors are thankful to all contributors for their contribution in drafting the chapters. The book would not have been accomplished without the assistance of friends and colleagues. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Springer Nature’seditorsfortheirmeticulousworkonthepublication. Anyang,Henan,China AsifIqbal KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Pakistan MazharIqbal Peshawar,Pakistan MadeehaAlamzeb Anyang,Henan,China SongMeizhen Anyang,Henan,China ZhangXiling Peshawar,Pakistan MuhammadArif Anyang,Henan,China XiongmingDu Aix-en-Provence,France EricLichtfouse Contents 1 PermaculturePrinciples,Practices,andEnvironmentalism. . . . . . . 1 JunghoSuh 2 SourcesandSolubilizationofPhosphaticFertilizers. . . . . . . . . . . . 25 WaleedFouadAbobatta,AmrMahmoudAbdelGawad, HaythumM.Salem,MohamedA.Abdel-Salam, andTaghredA.Hashim 3 OrganicPhosphorousasanAlternativetoMineralPhosphatic Fertilizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 MuhammadZain,MuhammadAdeel,NomanShakoor, MuhammadArslanAhmad,SalihaMaqbool,JiushengLi, ShafeeqUr-Rahman,MingXu,AsifIqbal,WaqarAfzalMalik, andAiwangDuan 4 AdaptiveResponsesofCropSpeciesAgainstPhosphorus Deficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 MehtabMuhammadAslam,AishaLawanIdris,EyaliraJacobOkal, andMuhammadWaseem 5 BiocharforSustainablePhosphorusManagement inAgroecosystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 KomelJehangir,MuhammadRiaz,RashidMahmood, andMuhammadArif 6 PhenotypingforAssessingGenotypicVariationinPhosphorus UseEfficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 AmjadFarooq,WaqasShafqatChattha,MuhammadTehseenAzhar, AzeemIqbalKhan,andAmirShakeel vii viii Contents 7 AdvancedBiotechnologicalToolsforImprovingPhosphorus UseEfficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 HafizaAasiaMalik,AttaUrRahman,FazalAkbar,NisarAhmad, SyedShujaitAli,MuhammadSuleman,ShahidAli,ZahidHussain, NasibZaman,AkhtarRasool,MuzafarShah,MuhammadIsrar, andAsifIqbal 8 RoleofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiinPlantPhosphorus AcquisitionforSustainableAgriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 155 MuhammadRiaz,MuhammadTehseenAzhar,MuhammadKamran, OmarAziz,andXiurongWang 9 PhosphorusCycleEnzymestoRemedySoilPhosphorus Deficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 AlhassanIdrisGabasawa 10 PhosphorusNutritionEnhancementofBiologicalNitrogen FixationinPastures. .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 207 SuleimanKehindeBello,TaofeekOlatunbosunMuraina, SaheedOlaideJimoh,IbraheemOlamideOlasupo, andSamailaUsman Index. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 About the Editors AsifIqbaliscurrentlyworkingasanAssociateProfessor at Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, China. He received his Ph.D. on ‘The Physio- logicalandMolecularMechanismsofNitrogenUseEffi- ciency in Cotton’ from the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China with Chinese Government Scholarship. Later, he completed his post- doctoralfellowshipon“ThePhysiologicalandMolecular MechanismsofPhosphorusUseEfficiencyinCotton”at Cotton Research Institute (CRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, Henan, China. He has worked in the areas of crop production, plant nutrition, and plant stress physiology at CRI, CAAS. Hismainresearchinterestsincludethegeneticevaluation of crop germplasms resources and adaptive mechanisms in crop plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. He has been awarded Gold Medal in Master, Outstanding Inter- nationalGraduateStudentinPh.D.studiesandalsonom- inated for best thesis award by the Crop Science Committee of the Graduate School of Chinese Academy ofAgriculturalSciences,China.Hehasbeenhonoredby differentauthoritiesduetohisoutstandingperformancein the Department of Agronomy the University of Agricul- turePeshawar,Pakistan.HehasalsoreceivedStateLevel MeritScholarshipforMasterstudiesfromHigherEduca- tion Commission (HEC), Pakistan, Chinese Government Scholarship for Ph.D. studies from the Chinese Scholar- ship Council, and an Outstanding Postdoctoral Fellow- ship from China Postdoctoral Organization and CRI, CAAS. He is the author and co-author of more than ix