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This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. A Framework for Enhancing Airlift Planning and Execution Capabilities Within the Joint Expeditionary Movement System Robert S. Tripp, Kristin F. Lynch, Charles Robert Roll, Jr., John G. Drew, Patrick Mills Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release, distribution unlimited The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A framework for enhancing airlift planning and execution capabilities within the joint expeditionary movement system / Robert S. Tripp ... [et al.]. p. cm. “MG-377.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3833-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Airlift, Military—United States. 2. Deployment (Strategy) 3. Unified operations (Military science) 4. United States. Air Force—Transportation. I. Tripp, Robert S., 1944– UC333.F73 2006 358.4'4'0973—dc22 2005024640 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R ® is a registered trademark. Cover design by Stephen Bloodsworth © Copyright 2006 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2006 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface This report examines options for improving the effectiveness and effi- ciency of intratheater airlift operations within the military joint end- to-end multimodal movement system. The intratheater system, which serves the needs of deploying, redeploying, and sustaining forces during contingency operations, is part of the airlift component of the joint movement system. This report discusses the application of an expanded strategies-to-tasks (STT) decision support framework to Central Command’s (CENTCOM’s) theater distribution planning and execution. We use the expanded STT framework to identify shortfalls and suggest, describe, and evaluate options for implement- ing improvements in current processes, organizations, doctrine, training, and systems. Specifically, we apply the framework to aid in improving planning and execution activities associated with develop- ing airlift movement options in building and managing joint multi- modal contingency movement networks. While the analysis centers on CENTCOM, the methodology and recommendations are relevant to other commands as well. This work was conducted by the Resource Management Pro- gram of RAND Project AIR FORCE and was sponsored by the Commander of the U.S. Air Force, Central Command (CENTAF/ CC). The research for this report was completed in October 2004. This report should be of interest to combatant commanders and their staffs, mobility planners, logisticians, and planners throughout the Department of Defense (DoD), especially those in the Air Force and U.S. Transportation Command. iii iv Enhancing Airlift Capabilities in the Joint Expeditionary Movement System This report is one of a series of RAND reports that address agile combat support issues in implementing the Aerospace Expeditionary Force (AEF). Other publications issued as part of the larger project include: • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An Integrated Strategic Agile Combat Support Planning Framework, Robert S. Tripp, Lionel A. Galway, Paul S. Killingsworth, Eric Peltz, Timothy L. Ramey, and John G. Drew (MR-1056-AF). This report describes an integrated combat support planning framework that may be used to evaluate support options on a continuing basis, particularly as technology, force structure, and threats change. • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: New Agile Combat Support Postures, Lionel A. Galway, Robert S. Tripp, Timothy L. Ramey, and John G. Drew (MR-1075-AF). This report describes how alternative resourcing of forward operating loca- tions (FOLs) can support employment timelines for future AEF operations. It finds that rapid employment for combat requires some prepositioning of resources at FOLs. • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An Analysis of F-15 Avionics Options, Eric Peltz, H. L. Shulman, Robert S. Tripp, Timothy L. Ramey, Randy King, and John G. Drew (MR- 1174-AF). This report examines alternatives for meeting F-15 avionics maintenance requirements across a range of likely sce- narios. The authors evaluate investments for new F-15 Avionics Intermediate Shop test equipment against several support options, including deploying maintenance capabilities with units, performing maintenance at forward support locations (FSLs), or performing all maintenance at the home station for deploying units. • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: A Concept for Evolving to the Agile Combat Support/Mobility System of the Future, Robert S. Tripp, Lionel A. Galway, Timothy L. Ramey, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, and Eric Peltz (MR-1179-AF). This report describes the vision for the agile combat support (ACS) system of the future based on individual commodity study results. Preface v • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: Expanded Analysis of LANTIRN Options, Amatzia Feinberg, H. L. Shulman, L. W. Miller, and Robert S. Tripp (MR-1225-AF). This report exam- ines alternatives for meeting Low-Altitude Navigation and Tar- geting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) support requirements for AEF operations. The authors evaluate investments for new LANTIRN test equipment against several support options, including deploying maintenance capabilities with units, per- forming maintenance at FSLs, or performing all maintenance at continental U.S. (CONUS) support hubs for deploying units. • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: Lessons from the Air War over Serbia, Amatzia Feinberg, Eric Peltz, James Leftwich, Robert S. Tripp, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, Russell Grunch, John Drew, Tom LaTourette, and Charles Robert Roll, Jr. (MR-1263-AF, not available to the general public). This report describes how the Air Force’s ad hoc implementation of many elements of an expeditionary ACS structure to support the air war over Serbia offered opportunities to assess how well these elements actually supported combat operations and what the results imply for the configuration of the Air Force ACS structure. The findings support the efficacy of the emerging expeditionary ACS structural framework and the associated but still-evolving Air Force support strategies. • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: Alternatives for Jet Engine Intermediate Maintenance, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, Lionel A. Galway, and Amanda Geller (MR-1431-AF). This report evaluates the manner in which Jet Engine Intermediate Maintenance (JEIM) shops can best be configured to facilitate overseas deployments. The authors examine a number of JEIM supports options, which are distinguished primarily by the degree to which JEIM support is centralized or decentralized. See also Engine Maintenance Systems Evaluation (En Masse): A User’s Guide, Mahyar A. Amouzegar and Lionel A. Galway (MR-1614-AF). • Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: Forward Support Loca- tion Options, Tom LaTourrette, Donald Stevens, Amatzia Fein- vi Enhancing Airlift Capabilities in the Joint Expeditionary Movement System berg, John Gibson, and Robert S. Tripp (MR-1497-AF, not available to the general public). • A Combat Support Command and Control Architecture for Sup- porting the Expeditionary Aerospace Force, James Leftwich, Robert S. Tripp, Amanda Geller, Patrick H. Mills, Tom LaTourrette, C. Robert Roll, Jr., Cauley Von Hoffman, and David Johansen (MR-1536-AF). This report outlines the framework for evalu- ating options for combat support execution planning and con- trol. The analysis describes the combat support command and control operational architecture as it is now and as it should be in the future. It also describes the changes that must take place to achieve that future state. • Reconfiguring Footprint to Speed Expeditionary Aerospace Forces Deployment, Lionel A. Galway, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, R. J. Hillestad, and Don Snyder (MR-1625-AF). This report devel- ops an analysis framework—as a footprint configuration—to assist in devising and evaluating strategies for footprint reduc- tion. The authors attempt to define footprint and to establish a way to monitor its reduction. • Analysis of Maintenance Forward Support Location Operations, Amanda Geller, David George, Robert S. Tripp, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, C. Robert Roll, Jr. (MG-151-AF). This report dis- cusses the conceptual development and recent implementation of maintenance forward support locations (also known as Cen- tralized Intermediate Repair Facilities [CIRFs]) for the U.S. Air Force. The analysis focuses on the years leading up to and including the AF/IL CIRF test, which tested the operations of CIRFs in the European theater from September 2001 to Febru- ary 2002. • Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Lessons from Operation Enduring Freedom, Robert S. Tripp, Kristin F. Lynch, John G. Drew, and Edward W. Chan (MR-1819-AF). This report describes the expeditionary ACS experiences during the war in Afghanistan and compares these experiences with those associated with Joint Task Force Nobel Anvil, the air war over Serbia. This report analyzes how ACS concepts were imple- Preface vii mented, compares current experiences to determine similarities and unique practices, and indicates how well the ACS frame- work performed during these contingency operations. From this analysis, the ACS framework may be updated to better support the AEF concept. • Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: A Methodology for Determining Air Force Deployment Requirements, Don Snyder and Patrick Mills (MG-176-AF). This report outlines a meth- odology for determining manpower and equipment deployment requirements. It describes a prototype policy analysis support tool based on this methodology, the Strategic Tool for the Analysis of Required Transportation, that generates a list of capability units, called Unit Type Codes (UTCs), required to support a user-specified operation. The program also determines movement characteristics. A fully implemented tool based on this prototype should prove useful to the Air Force in both deliberate and crisis action planning. • Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Lessons from Operation Iraqi Freedom, Kristin F. Lynch, John G. Drew, Rob- ert S. Tripp, and C. Robert Roll, Jr. (MG-193-AF). This report describes the expeditionary ACS experiences during the war in Iraq and compares these experiences with those associated with Joint Task Force Nobel Anvil, in Serbia, and Operation Endur- ing Freedom, in Afghanistan. This report analyzes how combat support performed, examines how ACS concepts were imple- mented in Iraq, and compares current experiences to determine similarities and unique practices. It also indicates how well the ACS framework performed during these contingency opera- tions. • Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Analysis of Combat Support Basing Options, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, Robert S. Tripp, Ronald G. McGarvey, Edward W. Chan, and C. Robert Roll, Jr. (MG-261-AF). This report evaluates a set of global FSL basing and transportation options for storing war reserve materiel. The authors present an analytical framework that can be used to evaluate alternative FSL options. A central viii Enhancing Airlift Capabilities in the Joint Expeditionary Movement System component of the authors’ framework is an optimization model that allows a user to select the best mix of land-based and sea-based FSLs for a given set of operational scenarios, thereby reducing costs while supporting a range of contingency operations. RAND Project AIR FORCE RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF), a division of the RAND Corpo- ration, is the U.S. Air Force’s federally funded research and develop- ment center for studies and analyses. PAF provides the Air Force with independent analyses of policy alternatives affecting the development, employment, combat readiness, and support of current and future aerospace forces. Research is conducted in four programs: Aerospace Force Development; Manpower, Personnel and Training; Resource Management; and Strategy and Doctrine. Additional information about PAF is available on our Web site at http://www.rand.org/paf.