SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF HANSEL AND GRETEL WITCH HUNTER MOVIE BY JACK AND THE WILEE PUBLICATION ARTICLE Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department Written by: Triasmi Anggraeni A320120037 ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016 APPROVAL SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF HANSEL AND GRETEL WITCH HUNTER MOVIE BY JACK AND THE WILEE PUBLICATION ARTICLE By: TRIASMI ANGGRAENI A320120037 Approved to be Examined by Consultant Consultant Dr. Dwi Haryanti., M. Hum. NIK. 477 2 ACCEPTANCE SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF HANSEL AND GRETEL WITCH HUNTER MOVIE BY JACK AND THE WILEE PUBLICATION ARTICLE by TRIASMI ANGGRAENI A320120037 Accepted and Approved by Broad of Examiner School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on April , 2016 The Team of Examiners: 1. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum. ( ) NIK. 477 (Chair Person) 2. Dra. Muamaroh, M.Hum., Ph.D. ( ) NIK. 769 (Member I) 3. Dr. Anam Sutopo, M.Hum. ( ) NIK. 849 (Member II) Dean, Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum. NIP: 196504281993031001 3 TESTIMONY Here, the writer testifies that this research paper there is no plagiarism of the research that has been made before to complete bachelor degree in a university and as long as the writer knows that there is also no work or opinion which ever been published or composed by the other, except those which the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in the bibliography. Therefore, if it proves that there are some untrue statements here, the writer will be fully responsible. Surakarta, April 2016 The writer TRIASMI ANGGRAENI A320120037 4 SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF HANSEL AND GRETEL WITCH HUNTER MOVIE BY JACK AND THE WILEE MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi penerjemahan film oleh penerjemah dari film Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter oleh Jack and the Wilee dan kualitas terjemahan dari film Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter oleh Jack and the Wilee. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menggambarkan strategi penerjemahan film oleh penerjemah dari film Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter oleh Jack and the Wilee, dan (2) untuk menggambarkan kualitas terjemahan dari film Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter oleh Jack and the Wilee. Data analisis didasarkan pada teori-teori strategi penerjemahan film dan kualitas terjemahan film. Data dari penelitian ini adalah ungkapan-ungkapan yang mengandung strategi penerjemahan dan kualitas terjemahn film. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah terjemahan film Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter oleh Jack and the Wilee. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada 748 data. Peneliti menemukan sembilan strategi: (1) 226 data untuk pentransferan, (2) 20 data untuk ekspansi , (3) 156 data untuk parafrase, (4) 11 data untuk kondensasi, (5) 8 data untuk penipisan, (6) 62 data untuk imitasi, (7) 3 data untuk transkripsi, (8) 372 data penghapusan, (9) 7 data pengunduran diri. Pada penelitian ini tidak terdapat strategi dislokasi. Ada tiga aspek kualitas yang baik yang terjemahan harus penuhi: keakuratan, keberterimaan, dan keterbacaan: (1) 599 data atau 80 % akurat, (2) 67 data atau 9 % kurang akurat, (3) 82 data atau 11 % tidak akurat, (4) 622 data atau 83.2 % berterima, (5) 67 data atau 9 % kurang berterima, (6) 59 data atau 7.8 % tidak berterima, (7) 631 data atau 84.3 % tingkat keterbacaan tinggi, (8) 56 data atau 7.5 % tingkat keterbacaan sedang, and (9) 61 data atau 8.2 % tingkat keterbacaan rendah. Kata kunci: film, kualitas, strategi, terjemahan ABSTRACT This research focuses on subtitling strategy used by the subtitler of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee and subtitling quality of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The purposes of this research are: (1) To describe the subtitling strategies used by the subtitler of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee, and (2) To describe the subtitling quality of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee. The data are analyzed based on the theories of subtitling strategies and subtitling quality. The data are utterances containing subtitling strategies and subtitling quality collected from the data source. The data source is the subtitle of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee. The results of this research show that there are 748 data. The researcher finds nine strategies are: (1) 226 data to transfer, (2) 20 data to expansion, (3) 156 data to paraphrase, (4) 11 data to condensation, (5) 8 data to decimation, (6) 62 data to imitation strategy, (7) 3 data to transcription strategy, (8) 372 data to deletion strategy, (9) 7 data to resignation. There is no dislocation strategy. There are three aspects for good quality that subtitling should fulfill: accuracy, acceptability, and readability: (1) 599 data or 80 % accurately, (2) 67 data or 9 % less accurately, (3) 82 data or 11 % inaccurately, (4) 622 data or 83.2 % acceptability, (5) 67 data or 9 % less acceptability, (6) 59 data or 7.8 % unacceptability, (7) 631 data or 84.3 % high readability level, (8) 56 data or 7.5 % moderate readability level, and (9) 61 data or 8.2 % low readability level. Key/words: movie, quality, strategy, subtitling 5 1. Introduction Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL), Catford in Machali (2000: 5). Translation is reproducing source language is equivalent way into target language as close as possible to the original one to ensure that the surface meaning of the two will. Furthermore the translators must concern that in conveying the message to target language they should not distort the message from source text. Translation is intended will be likely to understand it correctly. The product of translation is written form, while the product of interpreting is oral form or spoken language. The researcher choose this title because it can give some advantages for reader, such as, it develops the art of translation, it helps the reader in vocabulary getting, It saves time and more effective, it helps them to learn grammar of a foreign language, English grammar can be easily taught by comparing with the grammar of Indonesian language, and easily understood and largely diverted meaning accurately. Subtitling is one of the methods of language transfer in translating type of mass audiovisual communication such as film and television. Subtitling can be defined as condensing translations of original dialogue, which appear as lines of text usually positioned towards the bottom of the screen. Subtitling is the most common among all translation activities (Gilbert, 2009:91). Outside English speaking countries, subtitles are encountered almost daily, whenever people turn on their television or go to a Hollywood cinema, they are sure to see subtitles coming at them from the screen. Subtitles are graphically extrinsic to the visual track, something that has been tagged on at the bottom of the picture (Gilbert, 2009: 40). Subtitling can also be defined as a linguistic practice that consists in providing, usually at the bottom of the screen, a written text that intends to account for what has been said (or shown in written form) in the audio-visual product. Cintas and Marco (2008: 16) consider whether exploiting subtitled video materials as teaching aids can bring any benefits in the learning process of a second or foreign language. This study is focused on the subtitling strategies used in the subtitling of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie. Thus, if the subtitler of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie could not translate and transfer the subtitle and the main idea of that movie well, misunderstanding and misinterpretation will happen. This study attempts to classify the subtitling strategies used in transferring the meaning from English into Indonesian subtitle. It is a generic term referring to subtitling strategy involving any of the ten strategies (Gottlieb in Gunilla, 1999: 201). There are expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion, and resignation. This movie is a lot of subtitling strategies. Sample Data 1: Source Language : You must be out of your mind. Target language : Kau pasti sudah gila. In the subtitling above, the subtitler used paraphrase strategy to translate it. The phrase of be out of your mind was translated into gila. In the dictionary, the phrase of be out of your mind was meant keluar dari pikiranmu. But, according to the story of the Hansel and Gretel Witch It was completely different from the meaning of that word. It made easier to understand and readable by the audience. The subtitler used his/ her own sentence. So, there was no shift message from the source language into the target language. Sample Data 1: Source Language : I'll be back soon. Target language : Aku akan segera kembali. The strategy that was used in this dialogue was deletion strategy. It was used to delete or subtract the auxiliary verb of be in order not to be translated into the target language. The verb of be was 6 substitution of to be (am, is, and are) because in this sentence, there was another auxiliary verb (will) before be. Actually, be was not translated because it was not used in the target language, Therefore, it could be deleted without changing the information to the audience. So, there was no shift message from the source language into the target language. Nababan (2012: 44-51) said that there are three aspects for good quality that translation should fulfill: accuracy, acceptability, and readability. Nababan (2012: 44) Term evaluation of the accuracy of the translation is often used to express the extent to which the translation according to the source language. This accuracy can be considered as the suitability or accuracy of the messages conveyed between the source language and the target language. The concept of equivalence aims to the similarity of content or messages between the source language and the target language. Nababan (2012: 44-45) Acceptance term refers to whether a translation has been disclosed in accordance with the rules, norms and the prevailing culture in the target language or not. Readability aspect according to Nababan (2003: 63) is bear with how easily written translation can be read and understood by the reader. Therefore, efforts to reduce or add to the content or message source language in the target language should be avoided. Nababan (2012: 50). Accurate is the meaning of words, technical terms, phrases, clauses, sentences or the source language accurately transferred into the target language absolutely no distortion of meaning. Less accuracy is most of the meaning of words, technical terms, phrases, clauses, sentences the source language has been transferred accurately into the target language. However, there is meaning eliminated, which interfere with the integrity of the message. Inaccurate is the meaning of the words, a technical terms, phrases, clauses, sentences or source language inaccurately transferred into the target language or omitted (deleted). Instrument for accuracy assessment is 3 to 1 from accuracy to inaccuracy. The acceptability consists of three levels as shown below. Nababan (2012: 51). Acceptability is translation feels natural; the technical term commonly used and familiar to the reader; phrases, clauses and sentences that are used are in accordance with the rules of Indonesian. Less acceptability is in general, the translation already feels natural; but there is little problem with the use of technical terms or grammatical errors occurred slightly. Unacceptability is not natural or feels like the work of translation; technical terms used are not commonly used and familiar to the reader; phrases, clauses and sentences that are used do not conform to the rules of Indonesian. Instrument for acceptability assessment is 3 to 1 from acceptability to unacceptability. The readability consists of three levels as shown below. Nababan (2012: 51). High readability level is words, technical terms, phrases, clauses, sentences or text translations can easily be understood by the reader. Moderate readability level is in general, the translation can be understood by the reader; but there are certain parts that should be read more than once to understand the translation. Low readability level is translation is difficult to be understood by the reader. Instrument for readability assessment is 3 to 1 from high readability level to low readability level. In the research, the writer limits her research in using subtitling strategy in Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie. The translator is Jack and The Wilee. This movie will be analyzed by using subtitling strategies. The writer uses a theory from Henrik Gottlieb 1994. Henrik Gottlieb is known for the theory of subtitling strategy. The problem statements of this research are “What are the subtitling strategy used by the subtitler of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee?” and “How is the subtitling quality of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee?”. The objectives of this research are to describe the subtitling strategies used by the subtitler of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee and to describe the subtitling quality of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee. 7 Nida in Sutopo (2004: 149) states that there are three steps of translation process. Those are analyzing, transferring and restructuring. Source Language Receptor Language Text Translating Analyzing Restructuring Transferring There are some principles of translation, as follows: (1) producting the message, (2) equivalent rather than identity, (3) natural equivalent, (4) closest equivalent, (5) priority of meaning, and (6) significance of style. A more cogent analysis of the subtitling process is found in Henrik Gottlieb’s idea of “diagonal translation”. (Gilbert, 2009: 92) Source Language Target Language Speech Speak Speak (Dubbing Interpreting) (Intralingual Titling) (Interlingual titling) Writing Text Text (“Translation) Linguistic form is divided into two. There are English linguistic form and Indonesian linguistic form. English linguistic forms any meaningful unit of a word, a phrase, a clause, a sentence, and paragraph (David, 2000: 25-26). Indonesian linguistic form consists of word, phrase, clause, and sentence. Movies, also known as films, are a type of visual communication which uses moving pictures and sound to tell stories or inform for people. Movies also help people to learn about something or to search information. This research uses Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie. Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 American-German action-horror neo-noir film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola. It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale "Hansel and Gretel", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire. . Hansel & Gretel are bounty hunters who track and kill witches all over the world. Its primary goal seems to be to entertain as quickly as possible and get the audience back out the door before the story gets old. The first research was conducted by Sekar (UMS, 2011), of the previous researcher, entitled “A Subtitling Analysis of Transactional Speech in The Eagle Eye Movie”. This research aimed at describing the variations of the subtitling strategy and describing the accuracy of the subtitling of transactional speech used in The Eagle eye movie. This research is descriptive qualitative research. In collecting the data, the writer uses documentation method. The data are transactional speech in the movie manuscript and subtitle of the Eagle Eye movie. To clarify the variations of subtitling strategies, the researcher refers to subtitling strategies theory, and to describe the accuracy of subtitling of transactional speech, the researcher applies the theory of concept of accuracy. After analyzing 52 data of transactional speech, the researcher finds that (1) from 11 strategies of subtitling; the subtitler only applies 4 strategies, namely: transfer, deletion, paraphrase, and condensation. From 52 data, there are 24 data or 46,16% belong to transfer strategy, 8 data or 15,38% belong to deletion strategy, 12 data or 23,08% belong to paraphrase 8 strategy, and 8 data or 15,38% data belong to condensation strategy. (2) 49 data or 94, 23% are translated accurately, and only 3 data or 5, 77% are translated inaccurately. The second research was conducted by Munawaroh (UIN Malang, 2007), of the previous researcher, entitled “Subtitling Strategies of Translation in Babel Film”. Translation is a process of converting the source language to the target language so that the target language could convey the intended message in the source language. Translation has a function as a bridge relating one country to another country which has different language and culture. Translation has been broadened since the new technology of audiovisual discovered and it is used in audiovisual entertainment. Film, especially foreign film as one of the entertainments is also not apart from translation. One of the ways to translate the foreign film and television program is subtitling. Subtitling is an audiovisual translation or translation of foreign dialogue of a film or television program and it is usually displayed on the bottom of screen. Translation requires some theories have to be known by a translator. Furthermore, to acquire the translation skill, she needs to study those theories before translating. One of the translation theories is subtitling strategies. Subtitling strategies are the ways that are used by the subtitler to translate the source language into the target language. Subtitling strategies are the technical devices used to transfer the meaning of a dialogue in one language into another language. This study is focused on the subtitling strategies used in the subtitling of Babel film. The purpose of this study is to describe kind of the subtitling strategies used in the Babel film. This study is using descriptive qualitative method because the data are in the form of sentences rather than numbers. The data are analyzed and interpreted based on the theories of subtitling strategies. First, collecting the subtitling of Babel film. Second, identifying the subtitling strategies which are used in the subtitling of Babel film. Third, classifying each part of the selected and collected data into the proper subtitling strategies. The last is making conclusion based on the result of the analysis. The result of this research shows that not all of parts subtitling strategies are used. There are some subtitling strategies unused; dislocation strategy, decimation strategy, and condensation strategy. While the strategies used are deletion strategy, expansion strategy, taming strategy, paraphrase strategy, transfer strategy, transcription strategy, imitation strategy, and resignation strategy. There are similarities and differences research of the above researches with this research. The difference between previous studies with this research is located on the object of analyzing and the result. The object of analyzing is used by Nova is by using Deletion Strategy in Just Go With It Movie and found 150 data of deletion strategy. The object of analyzing is used by Munawaroh is by using Subtitling Strategies of Translation in Babel Film and found deletion strategy, expansion strategy, taming strategy, paraphrase strategy, transfer strategy, transcription strategy, imitation strategy, and resignation strategy. However, the result of this research is about all of the subtitling strategies and the subtitling quality. But, there is no dislocation strategy. The similarity of the above researches with this research is about subtitling strategy used and media used. The author tries to make the equivalent of English into Indonesian which has a different system. Someone who wishes to use linguistic theory will benefit from learning more about how languages work. The writer hopes that this research can add contribution in the field of translation and development of knowledge especially in subtitling strategies. Of course, this means that attention must be to helping the students apply the principles that are taught. It is intended as an additional teaching aid to the reader. From the phenomena mentioned, the writer is interested in conducting a research which analyzes the subtitling strategy found in Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter script, taken from http://subscene.com/subtitles/hansel-and-gretel-witch-hunters/english/731687 and its subtitle taken from http://subscene.com/subtitles/hansel-and-gretel-witch-hunters/indonesian/726360, under the titles “SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF HANSEL AND GRETEL WITCH HUNTER MOVIE BY JACK AND THE WILEE”. 9 2. Research Method In this research the writer uses the descriptive qualitative research. The objects of this research are utterances containing subtitling strategies and subtitling quality. The data of this research are utterances containing subtitling strategies and subtitling quality collected from the data source. The data source is the subtitling of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and the Wilee. The methods of collecting data used by the written are documentation, questioner, and interview. Documentation is applied by subtitling strategies. This study used the technique of triangulation. There are two types of triangulation used in this study: data source and technique of collecting data. In analyzing data, the writer does the following techniques: (1) Comparing subtitling strategies (2) Identifying type of subtitling strategies, (3) Deciding of the subtitling quality. The informant of accuracy is Dr. Dwi Haryanti., M.Hum. The informant of acceptability is Yunus Sulistyono, S.S., M.A. The informant of readability is Claudy Yanar Yasuka. (4) Describing the percentage of subtitling quality, (5) Concluding the data analysis. 3. Research Finding and Discussion The research finding will elaborate the subtitling strategies used in the subtitling of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and The Wilee and the subtitling quality of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie by Jack and The Wilee. It will be followed by discussion. a. The Subtitling Strategies Used in The Subtitling of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter Movie by Jack and The Wilee. This research is focused on the subtitling strategies used in the subtitling of Hansel and Gretel Witch Hunter movie. The subtitling strategy is divided into ten strategies (Gottlieb in Gunilla, 1999: 201). There are transfer, expansion, paraphrase, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion, and resignation. 1) Transfer Transfer is full expression, adequate rendering (slow, unmarked speech). 001/ SLHGWH1/ TLHGWH1/ TRF Source Language : Take them into the forest now. Target Language : Bawa mereka ke hutan sekarang. The subtitler used transfer strategy. There was no addition or deletion in that phrase. The subtitler translated the dialogue contextually. In the source language, the sentence of Take them into the forest now was translated Bawa mereka ke hutan sekarang was very similar in meaning. The sentence of Take them into the forest now was translated into Bawa mereka ke hutan sekarang because at that time, mother’s Hansel and Gretel sent her husband to take them into the forest. So, there was no shift message from the source language into the target language. 2) Expansion Expansion is expanded expression, adequate rendering (culture-specific references). 606/ HGWHSL46/ HGWHTL44/ EXP Source Language : This is the book of protection against black magic. Target language : Buku ini nyata. Buku ini adalah buku yang berisi mantra untuk melawan sihir hitam. The strategy that was used in this subtitle is expansion strategy. In the source language, the sentence of This is the book of protection against black magic was translated into Buku ini nyata. Buku ini adalah buku yang berisi mantra untuk melawan sihir hitam. There was no explanation in the source language about the sentence of Buku ini nyata, so in the target language, the sentence of 10