Steel Design for Engineers and Architects Steel Design for Engineers and Architects Second Edition David A. Fanella Rene Amon Bruce Knobloch Atanu Mazumder ~ VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD ~ ------ New York Copyright © 1992 by Van Nostrand Reinhold Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 91-41835 ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9731-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9729-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9729-2 All rights reserved. Certain portions of this work © 1982 by Van Nostrand Reinhold. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or informational storage and retrieval systems-without written permission of the publisher. Manufactured in the United States of America Published by Van Nostrand Reinhold liS Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10003 Chapman and Hall 2-6 Boundary Row London, SE I 8HN Thomas Nelson Australia 102 Dodds Street South Melbourne 3205 Victoria, Australia Nelson Canada 1120 Birchmount Road Scarborough, Ontario MIK 504, Canada 16 15 14 13 12 II \0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Steel design for engineers and architects.-2nd ed.lDavid A. Fanella ... let al.l p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Steel design for engineers and architects/Rene Amon, Bruce Knobloch. Atanu Mazumder. © 1982. Includes index. l. Building, Iron and steel. 2. Steel, Structural. I. Fanella, David Anthony. II. Amon, Rene. Steel design for engineers and architects. TA684.S7543 1992 624.1 '821-dc20 91-41835 CIP TO Our Families Contents Preface to the Second Edition / xi Preface to the First Edition / xiii Symbols and Abbreviations / xv Introduction / xxv 0.1 Steel as a Building Material/xxv 0.2 Loads and Safety Factors / xxviii 1. Tension Members / 1 1.1 Tension Members / 1.2 Gross, Net, and Effective Net Sections / 1 1.3 Allowable Tensile Stresses / 12 1.4 AISC Design Aids / 19 1.5 Slenderness and Elongation / 23 1.6 Pin-Connected Members and Eyebars / 25 I. 7 Built-Up Members / 29 1.8 Fatigue / 34 2. Members Under Flexure: 1 / 39 2.1 Members Under Flexure / 39 2.2 Determining the Allowable Bending Stress / 39 2.3 Continuous Beams / 59 2.4 Biaxial Bending / 64 2.5 Shear / 67 2.6 Holes in Beams / 72 2.7 Beams with Concentrated Loads / 75 2.8 Design of Bearing Plates / 80 vii viii CONTENTS 2.9 Deflections / 84 2.10 Allowable Loads on Beams Tables / 88 3. Members Under Flexure: 2 / 93 3.1 Cover-Plated Beams / 93 3.2 Built-Up Members / 106 3.3 Design of Built-Up Beams / 107 3.4 Design of Plate Girders / 123 3.5 Open-Web Steel Joists / 132 4. Columns / 136 4.1 Columns / 136 4.2 Effective Lengths / 143 4.3 Allowable Axial Stress / 149 4.4 Design of Axially Loaded Columns / 153 4.5 Combined Stresses / 162 4.6 Column Base Plates / 178 5. Bolts and Rivets / 186 5.1 Riveted and Bolted Connections / 186 5.2 Rivets / 186 5.3 Bolts / 187 5.4 Design of Riveted or Bolted Connections / 189 5.5 Fasteners For Horizontal Shear in Beams / 215 5.6 Block Shear Failure / 219 5.7 AISCM Design Tables / 221 6. Welded Connections / 231 6. 1 Welded Connections / 231 6.2 Weld Types / 231 6.3 Inspection of Welds / 233 6.4 Allowable Stresses on Welds / 234 6.5 Effective and Required Dimensions of Welds / 234 6.6 Design of Simple Welds / 238 6.7 Repeated Stresses (Fatigue) / 255 6.8 Eccentric Loading / 257 6.9 AISCM Design Tables / 266 7. Special Connections / 274 7.1 Beam-Column Connections / 274 7.2 Single-Plate Shear Connections / 277 CONTENTS ix 7.3 Tee Framing Shear Connections / 279 7.4 Design of Moment Connections / 282 7.5 Moment-Resisting Column Base Plates / 302 7.6 Field Splices of Beams and Plate Girders / 311 7.7 Hanger Type Connections / 317 8. Torsion / 324 8.1 Torsion / 324 8.2 Torsion ofAxisymmetrical Members / 324 8.3 Torsion of Solid Rectangular Sections / 330 8.4 Torsion of Open Sections / 335 8.5 Shear Center / 345 8.6 Torsion of Closed Sections / 350 8.7 Membrane Analogy / 358 9. Composite Design / 363 9.1 Composite Design / 363 9.2 Effective Width of Concrete Slab / 365 9.3 Stress Calculations / 367 9.4 Shear Connectors / 377 9.5 Formed Steel Deck / 385 9.6 Cover Plates / 392 9.7 Deflection Computations / 396 9.8 AISCM Composite Design Tables / 399 10. Plastic Design of Steel Beams / 420 10.1 Plastic Design of Steel Beams / 420 10.2 Plastic Hinges / 427 10.3 Beam Analysis by Virtual Work / 431 10.4 Plastic Design of Beams / 438 10.5 Additional Considerations / 446 10.6 Cover Plate Design / 446 Appendix A Repeated Loadings (Fatigue) / 459 Appendix B Highway Steel Bridge Design / 471 B.1 Overview of Highway Steel Bridge Design and the AASHTO Code / 471 B.2 Design of a Simply Supported Composite Highway Bridge Stringer / 480 Index / 499 Preface to the Second Edition In 1989, the American Institute of Steel Construction published the ninth edition of the Manual of Steel Construction which contains the "Specification for Structural Steel Buildings-Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Plastic De sign." This current specification is completely revised in format and partly in content compared to the last one, which was published in 1978. In addition to the new specification, the ninth edition of the Manual contains completely new and revised design aids. The second edition of this book is geared to the efficient use of the afore mentioned manual. To that effect, all of the formulas, tables, and explanatory material are specifically referenced to the appropriate parts of the AISCM. Ta bles and figures from the Manual, as well as some material from the Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and from the Design of Welded Structures, published by the James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foun dation, have been reproduced here with the permission of these organizations for the convenience of the reader. The revisions which led to the second edition of this book were performed by the first two authors, who are both experienced educators and practitioners. Two major new topics can be found in Appendices A and B: design for re peated stresses (fatigue) and highway steel bridge design, respectively. Within the body of the text, the following additions have been included: composite design with formed metal deck; single-plate and tee framing shear connections; and beam bearing plates. The remainder of the topics have been modified, ad justed, and in some cases expanded to satisfy the requirements given in the ninth edition of the Manual. A solutions manual for all of the problems to be solved at the end of each chapter is available to the instructor upon adoption of the text for classroom use. A one quarter course could include all of the material in Chapters 1 through 6 with the exception of Sects. 3.2 through 3.4. Chapters 7 through 10, as well xi xii PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION as the sections omitted during the first quarter can be covered during a second quarter course. Any desired order of presentation can be used for the material in the second quarter course since these chapters are totally independent of each other. Similarly, Appendices A or B can be substituted in whole or in part for one or more of Chapters 7 through 10. A one semester course could include all of the material in Chapters I through 6 as well as Chapter 9 or 10. As was noted above, any parts of Chapters 7 through 10, Appendix A, or Appendix B can be substituted as desired. The authors would like to thank Mr. Andre Witschi, S.E., P.E. who is Chief Structural Engineer at Triton Consulting Engineers for his help in reviewing the material in the Appendices. Thanks are also due to Mr. Tom Parrott and all of the secretarial staff of the School of Architecture at the University of Illinois at Chicago for all of their generous assistance. Finally, we would like to thank our families for their patience and understanding. DAVID A. FANELLA RENE AMON Chicago, Illinois Preface to the First Edition This is an introductory book on the design of steel structures. Its main objective is to set forth steel design procedures in a simple and straightforward manner. We chose a format such that very little text is necessary to explain the various points and criteria used in steel design, and we have limited theory to that necessary for understanding and applying code provisions. This book has a twofold aim: it is directed to the practicing steel designer, whether architect or engineer, and to the college student studying steel design. The practicing structural engineer or architect who designs steel structures will find this book valuable for its format of centralized design requirements. It is also useful for the veteran engineer who desires to easily note all the changes from the seventh edition of the AISC Steel Design Manual and the logic behind the revisions. Yet, the usefulness as a textbook is proven by field-testing. This was done by using the appropriate chapters as texts in the following courses offered by the College of Architecture of the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle: Steel Design; Additional Topics in Structures; and Intermediate Struc tural Design (first-year graduate). The text was also field-tested with profes sionals by using the entire book, less Chapter 8, as text for the steel part of the Review for the State of Illinois Structural Engineers' Licence Examination, of fered by the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. The text, containing per tinent discussion of the numerous examples, was effectively combined with sup plemental theory in classroom lectures to convey steel design requirements. Unsolved problems follow each chapter to strengthen the skill of the student. The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) is the authority that codifies steel construction as applied to buildings. Its specifications are used by most governing bodies, and, therefore, the material presented here has been written with the AISC specifications in mind. We assumed-indeed, it is nec essary-that the user of this book have an eighth edition of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction. Our book complements, but does not replace, the ideas xiii