SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page i Sport Management SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page ii Active Learning in Sport – titles in the series 1 2 Coaching Science ISBN 9781844451654 3 Personal Training ISBN 9781844451630 4 Sport Sociology ISBN 9781844451661 5 Sport and Exercise Science ISBN 9781844451876 6 Sport Management ISBN 9781844452637 7 Sport Studies ISBN 9781844451869 8 9 To order, please contact our distributor: BEBC Distribution, Albion Close, Parkstone, 10 Poole, BH123LL. Telephone: 08452309000, email: [email protected]. 1 You can also find more information on each of these titles and our other learning 2 resources at www.learningmatters.co.uk 3 4 511 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page iii Sport Management Edited by Karen Bill SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page iv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 First published in 2009by Learning Matters Ltd 511 6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval 7 system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, 8 photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from 9 Learning Matters. 20 © 2009Karen Bill and contributors 1 2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 3 A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library 4 ISBN: 9781844452637 5 6 The right of the editor and contributors to be identified as the authors of this 7 Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and 8 Patents Act 1988. 9 Cover and text design by Toucan Design 30 Project Management by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon 1 Typeset by Kelly Gray 2 Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall 3 4 Learning Matters Ltd 5 33Southernhay East 6 Exeter EX11NX 7 Tel: 01392215560 8 E-mail: [email protected] 9 www.learningmatters.co.uk 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page v Contents Contributors vi Acronyms ix Acknowledgements xii 1 Introduction 1 2 An overview of sport management 5 3 Enhancing graduate employability in sport 21 4 Sports marketing 34 5 Financial accountability in sports organisations 53 6 Strategic management 72 7 Human resource management 87 8 Planning, monitoring, controlling and evaluating sports organisations 101 9 Sports entrepreneurship 122 10 Risk management and the sport manager 139 11 Sports development 153 12 Managing events 166 13 Funding, investment and sponsorship in sport 184 14 Sport and the law 200 15 Sustainability for sports management 217 References 230 Index 238 v SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page vi 1 2 Contributors 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 Karen Bill 511 Karen is an Associate Dean in the School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure at the 6 University of Wolverhampton. She has responsibility for overseeing engagement with 7 research and applied research. Karen has developed sport-specific enterprise education 8 materials as part of her involvement on various national and regional educa- 9 tional projects as well as publishing in this area. She has recently completed an 20 International Entrepreneurship Educators Programme and subsequently been admitted 1 as an Entrepreneurship Education Fellow by the National Council for Graduate 2 Entrepreneurship. 3 4 Richard Colman 5 Richard is Coaching Development Officer at Wesport (West of England Sport Trust). He 6 has been involved in sports development for eight years, and has widespread knowledge 7 of the area owing to his previous various roles as National Governing Body Officer and 8 Local Authority Sports Development Officer, and working for two County Sports 9 Partnerships. His Level 3squash coaching qualification and voluntary roles on Club 30 and County committees enable him to keep in touch with the sharp end of the delivery 1 of sport. 2 3 Crispin Dale 4 Crispin is a Principal Lecturer in the School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure at 5 the University of Wolverhampton. He has taught strategic management for tourism at 6 undergraduate and postgraduate level for a number of years. Crispin has published 7 widely in peer-reviewed journals on strategic management. His research has focused 8 upon competitive structures and networks and strategic management for small 9 businesses. Crispin has also written a resource guide on strategic management for the 40 Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism subject network of the Higher Education 1 Academy. 2 3 Will Foster 4 Will is an Associate Dean with the School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure at the 5 University of Wolverhampton. He spent his initial career in the commercial sector 6 working in a variety of businesses in senior leadership/management and director roles. 711 vi SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page vii Contributors He spent nine years of his career in the recruitment and selection sector and has research interests in leadership, organisation development, coaching and mentoring. Simon Gardiner Simon is a Reader in Sports Law at Leeds Metropolitan University and Senior Research Fellow at the Asser International Sports Law Centre. He has published widely in a number of areas of sports law. He is lead author of Gardiner et al, Sports law3rdedition (Oxford: Routledge Cavendish, 2006), author of ‘UK Sports Law’ in R. Blanpain and F. Hendrickx (eds) International encyclopaedia of sports law(The Hague: Kluwer, 2008), and co-editor of Professional sport in the European Union: regulation and re-regulation, 2ndedition (Cambridge University Press, 2009) (with R. Parrish and R. Siekmann). He is editor of Sport and the LawJournaland is on the editorial board of the International Sports Law Journal. Sue Minten Sue is a Senior Lecturer in Sports Management at the University of Central Lancashire and course leader for the MA Sport Management. She started her career in the public sector, spending five years in sports facilities management before moving into academia 15years ago. Fiona Phoenix Fiona is a Senior Lecturer in Sport Business Management at Sheffield Hallam University (SHU). Fiona teaches in the areas of marketing, sponsorship and event management, both at SHU and international partner universities abroad. She also undertakes consultancy work with SHU in the field of marketing. Before working at SHU, Fiona worked in both the private and public sector, delivering sponsorship programmes and managing events. Mark Piekarz Mark is an experienced Senior Lecturer in the fields of sport and adventure management at the University of Worcester. Previously he worked for many years as a sports facility manager and community sports development officer. He has taught and researched risk management for many years. Andrew Pitchford Andrew is Deputy Head of Department of Sport and Exercise at the University of Gloucestershire. He has taught and researched in the field of Sports Development for over 15years and is a former Sports Development Officer. Peter Robinson Peter is a Senior Lecturer and Course Leader for Work-based Learning in the School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure at the University of Wolverhampton. Peter has previous senior management experience in the public, private and voluntary sectors, including that of Visitor Services Manager. He specialises in employability, sustainability and management. vii SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page viii Contributors Debra Wale 1 Debra is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure at the 2 University of Wolverhampton. She teaches on the Sports Management programme in 3 Singapore, and Marketing on undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Her 4 industry experience includes Brand Management, Event Management and Sports 5 Management, which have given her experience across the private, public and not-for- 6 profit sectors. 7 8 Rob Wilson 9 Rob is a Principal Lecturer and Teaching Fellow in Sport Business Management in the 10 Faculty of Health and Wellbeing at Sheffield Hallam University. His subject specialisms 1 are financial reporting and management accounting, and his main research interest is 2 the economics and finance of sport events. He is the author of Finance for sport and 3 leisure managers; an introductionand is a recognised expert in learning, teaching and 4 assessment in higher education. 511 6 Caroline Wiscombe 7 Caroline is a Principal Lecturer and Head of Department in Leisure Industries at the 8 University of Wolverhampton, having spent many years working in industry. The 9 department’s most recent development has been a BA (Hons) Sport Management, 20 delivered transnationally. Caroline is an expert in applied financial management for 1 SMEs and charitable trusts and specialises in performance measurement and financial 2 strategy. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 viii SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page ix Acronyms ACORN a classification of residential neighbourhoods AGCAS Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services AGM Ansoff’s Growth Matrix AIDA attention, interest, desire and action AIG American International Group ALETC All England Tennis Club BGM Boston Growth Matrix BOA British Olympic Association BOGOF buy one get one free BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology CASC community amateur sport clubs CBI Confederation of British Industry CCDP community club development programme CEEQUAL Civil Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment and Award Scheme CIHE Council for Industry and Higher Education CIPD Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development CCT compulsory competitive tendering CREST Coastal and Rural Extreme Taskforce CSN community sport networks CSP county sport partnership CSR corporate social responsibility DCMS Department for Culture, Media and Sport DIUS Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills ECJ European Court of Justice EEC European Economic Community EIS English Institute of Sport EPL English Premier League EU European Union EU EMAS EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme FA Football Association FAPL Football Association Premier League ix SPORTS MAN PT–gk.qxd 6/4/09 15:07 Page x Acronyms FIA Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile 1 GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 2 GP General Practitioner 3 GLL Greenwich Leisure 4 HE Higher Education 5 HESA Higher Education Statistics Agency 6 HMRC HM Revenue and Customs 7 HR human resources 8 HRA Human Rights Act 9 HRM human resource management 10 IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations 1 IBRM Institute of Baths and Recreation Management 2 IP intellectual property 3 IPR intellectual property rights 4 ISO4001 International Standards Organisation. 511 ISRM Institute of Sport and Recreation Management 6 ISPAL Institute for Sport, Parks and Leisure 7 IT information technology 8 ITC Independent Television Commission 9 KPI key performance indicator 20 LA21 Local Agenda 21 1 LTA Lawn Tennis Association 2 Ltd Limited Liability Company 3 MEP Member of European Parliament 4 MESG major events support group 5 MoR management of risks 6 MOSAIC a global network of segmentation tools 7 NESTA National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts 8 NDFG New Designs for Growth 9 NDPB non-departmental public body 30 NGB National Governing Body 1 NRS National Read ership Survey 2 ODA Olympic Delivery Authority 3 ODPM Office of the Deputy Prime Minister 4 OFLOT National Lottery Commission and the Office of the National Lottery 5 PDM partnership development manager 6 PDP personal development planning 7 PE physical education 8 PESTEL Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and 9 Legislative factors 40 PLC product life cycle 1 plc public limited company 2 RBV resource based view 3 RMS risk management systems 4 ROE return on equity 5 RTCP Restrictive Trade Practices Court 6 RTPA Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1976 711 x