Sourcebook for Training in Clinical Psychology Contributors: ELTON AsH HAROLD BASOWITZ LEONARD BLANK HENRY P. DAVID GORDON F. DERNER ARTHUR KOVACS LUCIANO L'A BATE MARTIN MAYMAN CECIL P. PECK LESLIE PmLLIPs KARL E. POTTHARST WILLIAM ScHOFIELD JOSEPH C. SPEISMAN GEORGE J. WISCHNER SOURCEBOOK for TRAINING in CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY edited by LEONARD BLANK, PH.D. Director of Psychology Training New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute Department of Institutions and Agencies Princeton, New Jersey HENRY P. DAVID, PH.D. Associate Director World Federation for Mental Health Geneva, Switzerland ~ Springer Science+Business Media, LLC © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1964 Originally published by Springer Publishing Company, Inc. in 1964 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1964 ISBN 978-3-662-39417-5 ISBN 978-3-662-40480-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-40480-5 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 64-18910 Type set at The Polyglot Press, New York Contributors DR. ELTON AsH DR. MARTIN MAYMAN Chief Consulting Psychologist Director, Psychology Training Department of Medicine and Sur- Menninger Foundation gery Topeka, Kansas Veterans Administration Washington, D.C. DR. CECIL p. PECK Chief, Psychology Division DR. HAROLD BASOWITZ Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychol- Psychologist, Training Branch ogy Service National Institute of Mental Health Department of Medicine and Sur Bethesda, Maryland gery Veterans Administration DR. LEONARD BLANK Washington, D.C. Director of Psychology Training New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric In- DR. LESLIE PHILLIPS stitute Director, Psychology Department Princeton, New Jersey Worcester, State Hospital Worcester Massachusetts DR. HENRY P. DAVID Associate Director DR. KARL E. POTTHARST World Federation for Mental Health Co-Director Geneva, Switzerland Western Psychological Center Encino, California DR. GORDON F. DERNER Director, Clinical Psychology Train DR. WILLIAM SCHOFIELD ing Program Professor of Psychology Adelphi University University of Minnesota Garden City, L.I., New York Mayo Medical Center Minneapolis, Minnesota DR. ARTHUR KOVACS Clinical Psychologist DR. JOSEPH c. SPEISMAN Western Psychological Center Training Specialist in Psychology Encino, California Training Branch National Institute of Mental Health DR. LUCIANO L'ABATE Bethesda, Maryland Associate Professor and Chief Psy chologist DR. GEORGE J. WISCHNER Children's Clinic, Department of Chairman, Departmental Committee Psychiatry on Clinical Training School of Medicine Psychology Department Emory University University of Pittsburgh Atlanta, Georgia Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania v Preface Fostered by massive governmental support, clinical psychology in the United States mushroomed in the years following World War II when social demands for mental health services outdis tanced all available resources. In the nearly two decades since, much time and energy have been devoted to spirited discussions of persistent problems in clinical training. It is the purpose of this sourcebook to review past recommendations, consider cur rent programs and issues, and suggest implications for future modifications and innovations. Years of experimentation with the Shakow Report and with the Boulder Conference recommendations for graduate training in clinical psychology were followed by reconsideration at Miami. The shortage of mental health workers, underscored in the Report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health, stimulated more discussion and meetings, including the 1962 Princeton Conference on Manpower and Psychology Training. For those who train clinical psychologists, for those who develop professional services, and for the training aspirant him self, this book offers a summary of evolving trends in clinical psychology training since World War II. The text is divided into three parts. Part One begins with a distillation of the salient features from the Shakow Report and the Boulder, Stanford, Miami, and Princeton Conferences,* focussing on curriculum structure, practicum and field experience, and related issues. This is followed by a review of the growth of training resources from 1945-1962, supported by the United States Public Health Service and the Veterans Administration. The first part concludes with a survey of the development and impact of professional evaluation and social control, the function of the American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology, and state certification and licensing. Part Two discusses issues. University clinical psychology programs, ranging from tradi- * Dealing specifically with training in clinical psychology, the book does not directly refer to such specialty conferences as the Northwestern Conference on the training of counseling psychologists in 1951, the Thayer Conference on school psychology in 1954, and the Estes Conference on research in 1958. vi PREFACE vii tional research-oriented training to a practitioner orientation, are noted. In this section, postdoctoral training and specialization in psychotherapy, psychodiagnosis, and research are considered. Part Three presents resources, commentaries, and conclusions. Training in a state system and training abroad are reviewed. Feedback after years of clinical practice is presented by gradu ates of an accredited program. Referent points for the reader, as they have been for the con tributors, are these general issues: vast social demand and more encompassing roles for clinical psychologists; training within a tradition of dual scientific and professional orientation. Specific issues, considered wherever applicable, are: curriculum struc ture; sub- and postdoctoral programs; practicum and field training; specialization; quality of professional services in universi ties, agencies, and private practice. Clinical psychology is faced with an identity crisis. In posing our questions, we are asking whether and how psychologists will respond to the opportunities of our time. The editors wish to extend their appreciation to the following agencies that have been helpful in the preparation of this man uscript: the United States Public Health Service, the Veterans Administration, New Jersey Department of Institutions and Agencies, the New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, and the World Federation for Mental Health. The American Psycholog ical Association has been unstinting in its generous supply of pertinent training data and permission to quote from articles published in AP A publications. The participants and sponsors of the conferences at Boulder, Stanford, Miami, and particularly Princeton (where the idea for this book germinated) are owed a debt of gratitude. Virginia Erdman and Dr. Cyril M. Franks spent many hours in critical review of drafts of the manuscript. LEONARD BLANK HENRY P. DAVID Princeton, New Jersey Geneva, Switzerland The following abbreviations are used in the book: ABEPP American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology APA American Psychological Association CTCP Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology ETB Education and Training Board NIMH National Institute for Mental Health US PHS United States Public Health Service VA Veterans Administration Contents Part One: Overviews 1 Clinical Psychology Training, 1945-1962: Conferences and Issues Leonard Blank 1 Conferences A. The Shakow ReJ?Ort 2 B. The Boulder Conference 2 C. The Stanford Conference 3 D. The Miami Conference 5 E. The Princeton Conference 6 Major Training Issues I. Undergraduate Program 8 II. Graduate Program 10 III. Field Training 17 IV. Subdoctoral Training 26 V. Specialization in Training 28 VI. Training for Psychotherapy 30 VII. Training for Research 32 VIII. Staff Training 35 IX. Relations with Other Professions 36 X. Selection of Students 37 XI. Accreditation and Licensing 40 2 Program Support for Training by the National Institute of Mental Health: 194 7-1963 Harold Basowitz and Joseph C. Speisman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3 Training in the Veterans Administration Cecil P. Peck and Elton Ash . . . . . . 61 Supplement: An Example of Training in the Armed Services James L. Hedlund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4 Standards for Clinical Psychology: Origins and Evaluation William Schofield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Part Two: Issues 5 Clinical Psychology Training in the University George J. Wischner . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 viii CONTENTS ix 6 Postdoctoral Professional Training: How and Why? Martin Mayman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 7 Specialized Training and Innova~ions in Psychodiagnosis Conventional Training Considerations Leonard Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 Innovations for Training Luciano L'Abate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 8 Training for Psychotherapy Gordon F. Derner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 9 Specialized Training for Research Leslie Phillips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Part Three: Resources and Commentaries 10 Training Within a State Program Leonard Blank and Henry P. David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 11 Graduate Training Abroad Henry P. David................. 219 12 The Crisis in Training Viewed by Clinical Alumni Karl E. Pottharst and Arthur Kovacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 13 Conclusions and Implications Leonard Blank and Henry P. David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Part Four: Resource References Bibliography on Clinical Training, 1955-1963 Martin Mayman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Appendixes A Criteria for Evaluating Training Programs in Clinical or in Counseling Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 B APA Approved Doctoral Programs in Clinical and in Counseling Psychology, 1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 C Internships for Doctoral Training in Clinical Psychology Approved by the APA . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333