The Newsletter of RSG SIREN VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2 SUMMER 1998 Editorial sites in West Yorkshire to contact him on Welcome to the second issue of Siren, the (01924) 306801. newsletter of RSG. The Cold War Research Study Group. is a specialist study group. He also raises the point. that readers should be parented by Subterranea Britannica. RSG is a aware of the work done by their local County non-political organisation. and aims to present Sites and Monuments Record. If you are an objective view of the UK's infrastructure aware of any Cold War sites in your area. and plans used in the period 1945 - 1995 for contact them, to ensure that they are put on National Defence. the County Record and are not lost.. Infant . I would like to make a request to all readers to We will not infringe knowingly on any subject make sure that at least their local ROC post matter covered by the Official Secrets Act, nor should be recorded. Victor Smith of the New will we become involved in any wild. Tavern Fort Project in Gravesend. has done conspiracy type theories this to ensure that rare surviving examples of 1950's Civil Defence Wardens posts and I have been very encouraged by the response Siren points in his area have been recorded that the first issue generated. My phone hasn't stopped ringing! A plea to anyone who As always I welcome any articles and wants to speak to me: I am always happy to feedback Please let me know YOUR thoughts talk to people on any aspect of RSG's and ideas activities, and happy to share information, but Contact me at: please try to contact me before 9pm on a weekday - I have had a few individuals RSG c/o 23, Halstead Road phoning me at llpm!! As you read this, the Earls Collie first inaugural meeting should have taken COLCHESTER place on Saturday 13 July. in the famous Essex Kingsway Underground Exchange under High C06 2NG Holborn. London. A big thank you to BT for enabling the visit. Tel: (01787) 224729 (before 9pm please!) Also thanks must go to all those who have Civil Defence Publications contributed articles for publication: Keep them Ian Sanderson has compiled this list of CD coming! Corps Publications from the Cold War era, that readers may find useful. It first appeared Its amazing where articles come from. I was in Loopholes talking to my father-in law, about various Number 11 March 1995: Cold War installations, and it transpired that when he was with the Air Ministry Works Civil Defence Manual of Basic Training Vol. Department, he was foreman on a major I project at Barnham in Suffolk. to build the Pamphlet No 1: Ambulance Section (1951) first RAF Nuclear Bomb Dump! After some No 2: Welfare Section (1952) gentle persuasion, he produced an excellent No 2a: Welfare Section - Emergency Feeding account of his experiences which I have (1952) included in this issue. No 2b: Welfare Section - Improvisation of large scale Cooking Equipment (1952) A request has come from Ian Sanderson of the No 3: Warden Section (1951) West Yorkshire Archaeological Service, for No 4: Headquarters Section (1953) any readers of Siren aware of any Cold War No 6: Organisation of Civil Defence and An Atomic Bomb Storage Depot - Some Allied Welfare Services (1952) observations as remembered during the No 8: Principles of Damage Control (1951) construction period circa 1952-53 No. 9 Reconnaissance and Reporting (1952) The following article was written by my Civil Defence Manual of Basic Training Vol. father-in -law Mr George Hill, who was in the 2 PSA of the DoE. It is a fascinating account of Pamphlet Nol: Chemical Warfare (1951) how the A-bomb depot at RAF Barnham (just No 2: Basic Firefighting (1952) outside Thetford, Suffolk) was built. The No 3: Basic First Aid (1951) depot at Barnham was previously used as a No 4: Basic Rescue (1951) Chemical Weapons store. No 5: Basic methods of Protection against High Explosive Missiles (1949.'52.'53) General Construction: No 6: Atomic Warfare (1951, 1953) All buildings of single storey, of reinforced No 7: (Provisional) Biological Warfare (1951) concrete, concrete blocks with flat roofs; all Manual of Civil Defence Vol. 1 concrete mixed on site. All steelwork Pamphlet No 1: Nuclear Weapons (1956. 59, including reinforcement bonded for continuity 74) and earthed. No 2; Radioactive Fallout: Provisional Scheme of Public Control (1956) Some Building Details: Civil Defence Handbooks Three large central buildings. built semi- No 1: Wireless Instructions For Civil Defence submerged in embankments. and as Line and Wireless Instructions (1952) No windows, a complex air conditioning No 2: Field Cable Construction (1954. '59, system installed to ensure all air clean , dry '61) and at a specific temperature. Floors of No 3: Exercises and Studies (1953 . 1964) special iron hard and spark free finish. No 4: Elementary Fire-Fighting (1957. 1962) Overhead gantry crane at entrance [These No 5: Basic Rescue (1957, 1962) were the assembly buildings, where the bombs No 7: Rescue (1960) were fitted with the "physics package" and No 8: Emergency Feeding (1960) had routine maintenance carried out - Ed] No 9: Signal Office Practice (1960) A smaller central building, completely No 10: advising the Householder on covered within the structure with wire mesh Protection against Nuclear Attack (1963) (floors, walls and roof within) Completely bonded and earthed Civil Defence Pocket Books No 1: The Elements of First Aid (1957) Bomb storage: No 2: Military Support in Civil Defence Individual Bomb Storage buildings. approx. 6' (Restricted 1958, 1960) x 6' x 6'. Base consisted of at least a 5' deep No 3: General Information (1960) concrete block, in which a hole was formed to No 4: Warden Section (1961) receive the weapon container of approximate No 5: Rescue Section (1961) size to an old fashioned milk churn. The No 7: Ambulance and First Aid Section container was constructed of 2" thick steel (1962) with a counter weighted lid secured by a 16 lever padlock. The storage building doors Other General Publications were of solid timber faced with sheet steel The Hydrogen Bomb (1957) and secured by a combination lock. Home Defence and the Farmer (1958) Civil Defence: Notes for Speakers and Standby Generator Building: Canvassers (1959 and '61) This housed a 6 cylinder marine type diesel Emergency Home Care (Min of Health 1964) engine which was assembled on site. Coupled Military Aid to the Civil Community in the to the engine was the generator and also a UK (1968) compressor with its own static battery power UKWMO (1976) supply. The whole arranged so that if the Protect and Survive (1980) public power failed, the compressor would cut Domestic Nuclear Shelters (1981) in to start the engine, with no more than a Domestic Nuclear Shelters - Technical Guide short break in power to the site (1982) Civil Defence and the Farmer (MAFF 1985) Control Centre: If any door on the weapon storage buildings - the volume of the tone could be turned down. was opened. it would be indicated on a control The Police would test the system on a regular panel. Also the entrance gates were controlled basis, by transmitting the warning signal plus from here, and surveillance of the outer a spoken message repeated for 5 minutes. The alarmed fence. warning point operator would complete a A similar complex was under construction questionnaire and return it to the police. Mr elsewhere [Faldingworth, near Market Rasien. Peddle-Smith, told me that their telephone Lincs - Ed] but not as advanced as this one. It service couldn't be cut off by BT, as it was was decided to speed up construction but needed at all times to operate the WB 1400! winter was upon us. Nevertheless, the whole He was also issued with a hand operated siren, site was floodlit from mobile generators. to and a set of fallout warning maroons. extend the working day. Boilers were brought in to provide steam, which was injected into STOP PRESS the heaps of aggregates to prevent freezing: As this newsletter was being written. I became special high heat cement was used and aware of an article in the latest issue (39) of antifreeze put in the mixing water. The the Home Office Quarterly Magazine - Civil concrete was insulated after being placed in Protection. This describes that the WB 1400 formwork to prevent heat loss. At this stage I network is now being phased out completely, moved off of the project and onto a major and should be complete by the end of July 96. runway extension and taxiway re-alignment some examples have been kept by the ROC contract at RAF Shepherds Grove. The and other museums, but the majority have current use of the site is as light industrial been skipped. units. British Nuclear Weapons 60 Secret Mustard gas Sites Uncovered - Fascinating information has just been Independent - 4 June 1996 published by HMSO. about the complete range This article described how 60 sites across the of British Nuclear Weapons. carried by RAF UK. which were used for the production and bombers from the 50's up to the present day. storage of Mustard Gas and thought cleared The book - RAF Nuclear Deterrent Forces back in the 50's and 60's are still (priced £45) is a declassified internal MOD contaminated. Some !Sites yielded between 20 dccument, that has now been released to the and 120 mustard gas bombs each. Most of the public. storage and filling depots were built during the last war, but remained active up until the The following is a compilation of UK air mid 50's. until sufficient nuclear weapons launched weapons developed over the period became available to counter the Soviet Threat. 1950 - 1980 A team from RAF Wittering were called to Barnham in Suffolk and found 16 live Blue Danube (Smallboy) - First UK Mustard Gas Bombs operational atomic weapon. Implosion type weapon - Warning Points yield of approx. 20 Kt. Ballistic case same as As many of you know, there was a UK wide WW2 "Tallboy" network of warning points, from which the Green Bamboo - Megaton boosted fission Attack Warning would be broadcast to the weapon warhead for free fall bomb and Blue Public. These were in such places as Railway Steel missile (developed into Red Snow). Stations, main Telephone Exchanges Green Granite - High Yield. Multi Megaton, Hospitals. Police, Fire and Ambulance staged thermonuclear warhead stations. In rural areas, usually the local Pub Green Grass - VI MT. Fission warhead was used. In the Village of Stistead in Essex Orange Herald - Megaton warhead for Blue the "Onley Arms" Public house was used. I Streak IRBM - test dropped at Christmas was shown the correspondents between the Island Police (who operated the network) and the Short Granite - Smaller, lighter version of Publican. Mr Peddle-Smith. Green Granite Red Beard - Kiloton yield tactical bomb used The WB 1400 carrier line broadcast receiver mainly by the Canberra force was mounted on a shelf in the hallway behind Red Snow - Megaton warhead for Blue Steel the Public Bar. It gave out a constant 'pip' missile, and Yellow Sun Mk 2 Bomb tone to let the operator know it was connected Violet Club - Interim Megaton Bomb. blocked, so the springs did not sag, and all the consisting of a Green Grass Warhead in a engine oil was drained out. and replaced by Blue Danube shell. inhibitor. The battery was removed. Yellow Sun M3c1 - Megaton weapon using Green Grass Warhead Every day an appliance was chosen, had its Yellow Sun Mk2 - Megaton weapon using suspension de-blocked. and oil put back into Red Snow warhead the engine A gallon or so of fuel (petrol) was WE177 - Low level delivered weapon, with put in the tank battery refined and the vehicle capability of attack against strategic. tactical. was driven around for about half an hour. At hard and soft targets. Yield can be varied. the end of this, the vehicle was drained of fuel Due to be phased out by 2005. and oil, fresh engine inhibitor poured in, battery removed, a quick lube job and the CD Brain Teaser appliance put back on blocks! This process In 1982 the Home Office cancelled "Hard was repeated every day for a different vehicle. Rock" which would of been the biggest Civil with the whole cycle continuously repeating Defence exercise since the 1960's. After this itself. it never tried another national exercise but instead instituted a series of regional level Recently some Green Goddesses were exercises for County and District Councils to disposed of by the Home Office. Most went to validate their transition to war plans. the Overseas development Agency, for communications, etc. These exercises had donation to Third World Countries. the rest rather strange names. Can you work out were snapped up by collectors, and the one I which Home Defence region the following saw, ended up as a long term donation, at the exercises were based? East Anglian Railway Museum near Colchester in Essex. It was built in 1954 and a) Vireg (1986) had a genuine 2400 miles on the clock!! It is b) Heptad (1988) mechanically sound, with only a little work c) Ninex (1988) needed on the bodywork. It came complete d) Triex (1989) with an Coventry Climax auxiliary pump. e) Ivy (1989) rescue equipment and hoses. It even has a lovely brass bell, operated by a leather strap. Clue - think Roman!! from inside the cab. It will be used as a (Answers at the end of the newsletter) working fire engine for the site, and as a water Thanks to Steve Fox for submitting this tender for the steam trains article. RSG needs you! Green Goddess Fire Engine I hope you have enjoyed this issue of Siren. The Auxiliary Fire Service was re-formed in Remember, it needs YOUR input to make it 1952, and between then and 1957 over a 1000 successful. I always welcome articles and Bedford S Type Green Goddess were bought, feedback. and stored in Home Office supply and To receive RSG on a regular basis (I try to Transport Depots throughout the UK. Also produce at least 3 per year). join Subterranea Bedford S Type Hose Layers were purchased Britannica - cost £12 ( -f5 for unwaged, +£3 for the AFS. Some of these vehicles were used for prafitmaking organisations +£1 overseas). for exercises up until 1968 when the AFS and Membership and general information an the the CD Corps were disbanded. society can be obtained from the Joint Secretaries: The majority went into storage until brought Malcolm and Barbara Tadd out for the fireman's strike in 1977. arid were 65 Trindles Road, South Nutfield, refurbished in 1980, for the series of strikes Redhill, Surrey, UK. then. They have been seen in various parts of Tel: 01737 823456 the UK since then. crewed by troops to provide cover during brigade strikes. Ammer. to CD Brainteaser a) Vireg - No. 6 Region (South) The storage regime for these vehicles was b) Heptad - No.7 Region (West) quite amazing. At depots like Marchington, c) Nines - No.9 Region (West Midlands) great rows of them stood under cover, in a d) Tries - No.3 region ( East Midlands) e) Ivy - No. 4 Region (Eastern) controlled environment. The suspension was Siren is published by RSG, a sub group of Subterranea Britannica, and is protected by copyright. It is edited by Tex Bennett. It does not knowingly contain any classified or sensitive material_ Members details are not forwarded to other members unless written permission has been given