Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-541) as amended by Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-227) with Regulations · Management Plans with Maps for Antarctic Specially Protected Areas · List of Historic Sites and Monuments · Permit Application Form · The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION JULY 2001 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... i Summary of this book ...................................................................................................................... ii SECTION ONE: REGULATIONS PURSUANT TO THE ANTARCTIC CONSERVATION ACT AS AMENDED BY THE ANTARCTIC SCIENCE, TOURISM, AND CONSERVATION ACT ...1 Part 670—Conservation of Antarctic Animals and Plants ................................................................5 Subpart A—Introduction.............................................................................................................5 670.1 Purpose of regulations ..................................................................................5 670.2 Scope............................................................................................................5 670.3 Definitions ....................................................................................................5 Subpart B—Prohibited Acts, Exceptions....................................................................................6 670.4 Prohibited acts..............................................................................................7 670.5 Exceptions in extraordinary circumstances...................................................7 670.6 Prior possession exception...........................................................................7 670.7 Food exception.............................................................................................8 670.8 Foreign permits exceptions...........................................................................8 670.9 Antarctic Conservation Act enforcement exception......................................8 670.10 [Reserved] Subpart C—Permits....................................................................................................................8 670.11 Applications for permits...............................................................................8 670.12 General issuance criteria............................................................................10 670.13 Permit administration..................................................................................10 670.14 Conditions of permits .................................................................................11 670.15 Modification, suspension, and revocation ..................................................11 670.16 [Reserved] Subpart D—Native Mammals, Birds, Plants, and Invertebrates...............................................11 670.17 Specific issuance criteria ...........................................................................11 670.18 Content of permit applications....................................................................12 670.19 Designation of native mammals ..................................................................12 670.20 Designation of native birds.........................................................................13 670.21 Designation of native plants........................................................................14 670.22 [Reserved] Subpart E—Specially Protected Species of Mammals, Birds, and Plants ................................14 670.23 Specific issuance criteria ...........................................................................15 670.24 Content of permit applications....................................................................15 670.25 Designation of specially protected species of native mammals, birds, and plants......15 670.26 [Reserved] Subpart F—Antarctic Specially Protected Areas .....................................................................15 670.27 Specific issuance criteria ...........................................................................15 670.28 Content of permit applications....................................................................16 670.29 Designation of Antarctic specially protected areas ....................................16 670.30 [Reserved] Subpart G—Import into and Export from the United States ......................................................17 670.31 Specific issuance criteria for imports.........................................................17 670.32 Specific issuance criteria for exports .........................................................18 670.33 Content of permit applications....................................................................18 670.34 Entry and exit ports.....................................................................................18 670.35 [Reserved] Subpart H—Introduction of Non-Indigenous Plants and Animals.............................................19 670.36 Specific issuance criteria ...........................................................................19 670.37 Content of permit applications....................................................................19 670.38 Conditions of permits .................................................................................20 670.39 [Reserved] Part 671—WASTE REGULATION ...............................................................................................20 Subpart A—Introduction...........................................................................................................20 671.1 Purpose of regulations ................................................................................20 671.2 Scope..........................................................................................................20 671.3 Definitions ..................................................................................................20 Subpart B—Prohibited Acts, Exceptions..................................................................................21 671.4 Prohibited acts............................................................................................22 671.5 Exceptions ..................................................................................................22 Subpart C—Permits..................................................................................................................22 671.6 Applications for permits.............................................................................22 671.7 General issuance criteria............................................................................23 671.8 Permit administration..................................................................................23 671.9 Conditions of permit...................................................................................24 671.10 Review, modification, suspension, and revocation.....................................24 Subpart D—Waste Management...............................................................................................25 671.11 Waste storage .............................................................................................25 671.12 Waste disposal ...........................................................................................26 671.13 Waste management for the USAP................................................................27 Subpart E—Designation of Banned Substances; Reclassification of Pollutants .......................28 671.14 Annual review ............................................................................................28 671.15 Publication of preliminary determination ...................................................29 671.16 Designation and redesignation of pollutants ...............................................29 Subpart F—Cases of Emergency..............................................................................................29 671.17 Cases of emergency....................................................................................29 Part 672 – Enforcement and Hearing Procedures ...........................................................................30 Part 673 – Antarctic Non-Governmental Expeditions.....................................................................30 673.1 Purpose of regulations ................................................................................30 673.2 Scope..........................................................................................................30 673.3 Definitions ..................................................................................................30 673.4 Environmental protection information ........................................................30 673.5 Emergency response plan ...........................................................................31 SECTION TWO: ANTARCTIC SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS:........................................33 ASPA Locator Maps.......................................................................................................................34 Map 1 ..........................................................................................................................................34 Legend.........................................................................................................................................35 Map 2 ..........................................................................................................................................36 Map 3 ..........................................................................................................................................37 Map 4 ..........................................................................................................................................38 Map 5 ..........................................................................................................................................38 ASPA Management Plans ...............................................................................................................39 No. 101 (SPA-1), Taylor Rookery, MacRobertson Land ............................................................39 No. 102 (SPA-2), Rookery Islands, Holme Bay..........................................................................45 No. 103 (SPA-3), Ardrey Island and Odbert Island, Budd Coast................................................49 No. 104 (SPA-4), Sabrina Island, Balleny Islands......................................................................54 No. 105 (SPA-5), Beaufort Island, Ross Sea ..............................................................................55 No. 106 (SPA-7), Cape Hallett, Victoria Land ...........................................................................64 No. 107 (SPA-8), Dion Islands, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula........................................65 No. 108 (SPA-9), Green Island, Berthelot Islands, Antarctic Peninsula .....................................67 No. 109 (SPA-13), Moe Island, South Orkney Islands................................................................69 No. 110 (SPA-14), Lynch Island, South Orkney Islands..............................................................75 No. 111 (SPA-15), Southern Powell Island and adjacent islands, South Orkney Islands............88 No. 112 (SPA-16), Coppermine Peninsula, Robert Island ..........................................................94 No. 113 (SPA-17), Litchfield Island, Arthur Harbor, Palmer Archipelago.................................96 No. 114 (SPA-18), North Coronation Island, South Orkney Islands............................................97 No. 115 (SPA-19), Lagotellerie Island, Marguerite Bay.............................................................99 No. 116 (SPA-20, SSSI-10), ‘New College Valley’, Caughley Beach, Cape Bird, Ross Island111 No. 117 (SPA-21), Avian Island, Northwest Marguerite Bay...................................................119 No. 118 (SPA-22), Cryptogam Ridge, Mount Melbourne, Victoria Land..................................122 No. 119 (SPA-23), Forlidas Pond and Davis Valley Ponds......................................................124 No. 120 (SPA 24), Pointe-Geologie Archipelago.....................................................................126 No. 121 (SSSI-1), Cape Royds, Ross Island.............................................................................132 No. 122 (SSSI-2), Arrival Heights, Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island. .....................................134 No. 123 (SSSI-3), Barwick Valley, Victoria Land....................................................................136 No. 124 (SSSI-4), Cape Crozier, Ross Island...........................................................................138 No. 125 (SSSI-5), Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands....................140 No. 126 (SSSI-6), Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. .......................141 No. 127 (SSSI-7), Haswell Island.............................................................................................143 No. 128 (SSSI-8), Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, King George Island. ...............................145 No. 129 (SSSI-9), Rothera Point, Adelaide Island....................................................................151 No. 130 (SSSI-11), Tramway Ridge, Mt. Erebus, Ross Island. ................................................158 No. 131 (SSSI-12), Canada Glacier, Lake Fryxell, Taylor Valley, Victoria Land....................165 No. 132 (SSSI-13), Potter Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands...................174 No. 133 (SSSI-14), Harmony Point. ..........................................................................................181 No. 134 (SSSI-15), Cierva Point and nearby islands. ...............................................................189 No. 135 (SSSI-16), Bailey Peninsula, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land..............................................196 No. 136 (SSSI-17), Clark Peninsula, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land. ..............................................198 No. 137 (SSSI-18), Northwest White Island, McMurdo Sound.................................................210 No. 138 (SSSI-19), Linnaeus Terrace, Asgard Range, Victoria Land. ......................................212 No. 139 (SSSI-20), Biscoe Point, Anvers Island ......................................................................218 No. 140 (SSSI-21), Shores of Port Foster, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands...............220 No. 141 (SSSI-22), Yukidori Valley, Langhovde, Lutzow-Holm Bay.......................................222 No. 142 (SSSI-23), Svarthamaren Mountains, Muhlig-HofmannMountians, Queen Maud Land............231 No. 143 (SSSI-25), Marine Plain, Mule Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land. ..239 No. 144 (SSSI-26), Chile Bay (Discovery Bay). ......................................................................243 No. 145 (SSSI-27), Port Foster, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands...............................245 No. 146 (SSSI-28), South Bay, Doumer Island, Palmer Archipelago........................................247 No. 147 (SSSI-29), Ablation Point-Ganymede Heights, Alexander Island................................249 No. 148 (SSSI-31), Mount Flora, Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. ...........................................251 No. 149 (SSSI-32), Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. .........................253 No. 150 (SSSI-33), Ardley Island, Maxwell Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. ............256 No. 151 (SSSI-34), Lions Rump, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. ........................259 No. 152 (SSSI-35), Western Bransfield Strait, off Low Island, South Shetland Islands............266 No. 153 (SSSI-36), East Dallmann Bay, off Brabant Island......................................................268 No. 154 (SPA-25, HSM-16, HSM-17), Cape Evans Historic Site............................................270 No. 155 (SPA-26), Lewis Bay Tomb........................................................................................277 No. 156 (SPA-27, HSM-15), Hut and Associated Artifacts, Backdoor Bay, Cape Royds, Ross Island.282 No. 157 (SPA-28, HSM-18), Discovery Hut, Hut Point, Ross Island. ......................................289 No. 158 (SPA-29, HSM-22), Huts and Associated Artifacts, Cape Adare. .............................295 No. 159 (SSSI-24), Summit of Mt. Melbourne, North Victoria Land ........................................302 No. 160 (SSSI-37), Botany Bay, Cape Geology, Victoria Land ................................................306 SECTION THREE: HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS IN ANTARCTICA ....................315 SECTION FOUR: PERMIT APPLICATION FORM ..................................................................325 Appendix A: The Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 as Amended by the Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996.......................................................................................329 Appendix B: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty ........................345 INTRODUCTION The Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, Public Law 95-541, as amended by the Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996, Public Law 104-227 (hereafter referred to as the ACA), conserves and protects the native mammals, birds, and plants of Antarctica and the ecosystems of which they are a part. The law applies to – • The area south of 60° South latitude • U.S. citizens in Antarctica, • certain persons in Antarctica who participate in U.S. government activities, • U.S. corporations or other legal entities that organize expeditions into the Antarctic, and • U.S. persons wherever located, or foreign persons while in the United States, who import certain antarctic animals and plants. A permit system authorized by the ACA allows certain activities, otherwise prohibited, when performed within prescribed restrictions for scientific or other worthwhile purposes. The ACA provides penalties of up to $25,000 and 1 year imprisonment for violations. The National Science Foundation (NSF), the agency of the U.S. Government that funds and manages the U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP), administers the ACA and its permit system. Certain NSF employees in Antarctica are designated enforcement officers. These Federal officials are responsible for ensuring compliance with the ACA implementing regulations, and issuing permits. They are also available to help people understand their obligations. They may review permits to ensure terms and conditions are fulfilled and are authorized to serve warrants; search and seize property without a warrant; take affidavits; detain for inspection and inspect packages, crates, or other containers; and make an arrest with or without a warrant. If you believe you may have witnessed a violation of the ACA report your observation to an enforcement officer, an observer, or other authority. SUMMARY OF THIS BOOK This book contains the ACA its regulations, and supplementary information. SECTION ONE: Regulations Pursuant to the Antarctic Conservation Act as amended by the Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act It is unlawful, unless authorized by permit, to: 1. take native mammals, birds, or plants, 2. engage in harmful interference of native mammals, birds, or plants, 3. enter specially designated areas, 4. introduce species to Antarctica, 5. introduce substances designated as pollutants, 6. discharge designated pollutants, or 7. import certain antarctic items into the United States. 1. Taking or harmful interference of native mammals, birds or plants It is unlawful, unless authorized by permit, to take Antarctic native mammals, birds, or plants. To take means to kill, injure, capture, handle, or molest native mammal or bird, or to adversely impact a significant number of native plants. For example, herding a seal or a penguin into position for a photograph constitutes an illegal taking. An ornithologist with a grant to study penguin population dynamics must have a permit before banding the penguins (a grant and a permit are two different things). Further, a scientist permitted to handle ten skuas would be performing an illegal taking if he or she handled eleven skuas. Entering a bird nesting area or approaching seals with their pups will almost certainly stimulate agitation or defensive behavior. Any action that alters the normal behavior of wildlife may be considered harassment and therefore a taking. Section 5 of this book explains how to apply for a permit. 2. Engaging in harmful interference It is unlawful, unless authorized by permit, for any person to engage in harmful interference in Antarctica of native mammals, native birds, native plants or native invertebrates. To engage in harmful interference means to fly or land aircraft, to use vehicles or vessels, or to using explosives or firearms in a way that disturbs concentrations of birds or seals. Harmful interference also includes willfully disturbing birds or seals by persons on foot, significantly damaging concentrations of native terrestrial plants by landing aircraft, driving vehicles, walking on them, or by other means, and any activity that results in habitat degradation of any species or population. 3. Entering specially designated areas Some precisely defined places in Antarctica are designated under the Antarctic Treaty, and in the U.S. law, as Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs). You must have a legitimate need to enter an ASPA, and you must have a permit. A permit is required for entry into ASPAs, and all entries must be consistent with the site specific management plan. Section 2 of this book contains the management plans for all ASPAs. 4. Introducing species You need a permit to introduce nonindigenous species to Antarctica. Only domestic plants and animals and laboratory plants and animals may be considered for a permit. 5. Introducing substances designated as pollutants Waste regulations authorized under the ACA ban certain substances from Antarctica. The banned substances include pesticides (other than those required for science, medical, or hygiene purposes), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nonsterile soil, and polystyrene beads and plastic chips. The ACA identifies certain substances as designated pollutants. Designated pollutants must be used, stored, and disposed of in a way that prevents their release to or adverse impact on the environment. Designated pollutants include any substance listed by name or characteristic (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity) in the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and other U.S. regulations specified in 45 CFR Part 671. Many research and industrial supplies and common substances such as fuels, lighter fluid, and fingernail polish remover contain designated pollutants. A permit is required to use or release these substances into Antarctica. See section 4 of this book. 6. Management of designated pollutants The USAP employs specialists to handle and remove designated pollutants in accordance with the regulations. Program participants receive assistance and instructions in the Antarctic, but are required to keep track of the designated pollutants they use, to sort and store them according to instructions provided, and to turn the waste over to USAP officials in accordance with specified procedures. Any U.S. citizen or expedition planning to use or release designated pollutants or release wastes in Antarctica must make a plan for the use, storage, and disposal of these materials and apply for a waste management permit, if they are not already covered by a Master Permit (see section 4 for a discussion of the USAP Master Permit). Some categories of waste must be removed from Antarctica. The list includes materials that have designated pollutants as constituents (these materials are antarctic hazardous wastes) as well as other substances that are not designated pollutants but that are persistent in the environment and could pose an inherent hazard to wildlife. Radioactive materials, batteries, fuel, wastes containing harmful levels of heavy metals, lubricants, treated timbers, poly-vinyl chloride and other plastic wastes (except low-density storage bags), solid non-combustibles, and fuel drums are explicitly listed in antarctic waste regulations as materials that must be removed from Antarctica. 7. Importing into and exporting from the United States In the United States it is unlawful, unless authorized by permit, to have or sell or to import or export antarctic plants, antarctic mammals, or antarctic birds. An application for a permit must demonstrate that the import or export would further the purposes for which the species was taken or collected, demonstrate that the import or export is consistent with the purposes of the ACA and state which U.S. port will be used. Mailing items to or from the United States constitutes an import or an export. Non-governmental expeditions An additional regulation, Part 673, which deals with non-governmental expeditions in Antarctica, is expected to be finalized as of September 2001. The regulation implements certain of the amendments to the Antarctic Conservation Act contained in the Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act. The new Part 673 requires U.S. tour operators to distribute educational materials to their passengers. The regulation also requires U.S. non-governmental operators using non-U.S. flagged vessels to have emergency response plans. SECTION TWO: Antarctic Specially Protected Areas Some areas of Antarctica have features that require special protection. Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) were created to protect areas of special environmental, scientific, historic, aesthetic, or wilderness value. Designated ASPAs are required to have management plans that aim to prevent the degradation of their special values. A permit is required to enter these areas, and adherence to the management plans is required. Before the Protocol, protected areas in Antarctica were designated as Sites of Special Scientific interest (SSSIs) or as Specially Protected Areas (SPAs). All SSSIs and SPAs became ASPAs following the implementation of Annex V to the Protocol into U.S. law under the Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act. Section two includes the management plans (or descriptions where management plans have not yet been adopted by the Treaty parties) for each site. These sites require permits for entry and/or activity. It is important to contact NSF to obtain permit information and any information on revisions or additions to the sites. SECTION THREE: Historic Sites and Monuments Just as the ecosystems of Antarctica are important, so also is Antarctica’s exploration and development. It was decided at the first Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting to protect artifacts and areas that commemorate Antarctica’s exploration. At the 5th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting it was agreed that lists of historic sites and monuments would be created. Since that meeting, lists have been consolidated into one list that has been updated continually. The monument areas have special provisions to ensure their protection. Section four of this book includes a list of the historic sites and monuments, with brief descriptions of each. SECTION FOUR: Permits Individual or group permit Individuals and groups traveling to Antarctica are responsible for obtaining any required permits. An initial assessment of permit needs should be made by the individual (or group) based on planned itinerary, the nature of interactions with wildlife, materials to be handled and shipped to and from Antarctica, and a thorough review of the ACA and associated waste management regulations. For assistance, call or write an Office of Polar Programs science manager or the Permit Officer at the address shown at the end of this summary. Or simply fill out and send in an application using the permit form in this book that is appropriate for all but waste management permits. Waste management permit applications should include the information outlined in the waste regulations, 45 CFR Part 671. Applicants should first check with the NSF Permit Officer to verify that the planned activities are not already covered by an existing permit. Permit requirements should be assessed well in advance (a minimum of 3 months) of planned travel dates to allow for public review periods and resolution of any issues that may arise. The Permit Officer may determine that no permits are required. Once an application is received, a minimum of 65 days is required for NSF to review the application and decide on a permit. During that time, a summary of your application is published in the Federal Register so that any member of the public can comment on it during the 30-day comment period mandated by the ACA. The Foundation evaluates the public comments and performs an internal review. It then approves the application, approves it with modifications, or disapproves it. You may not do things that require a permit unless you have a permit. Activities authorized by a permit may not take place before the permit is issued. Violating the terms of a permit can lead to a fine of up to $25,000, imprisonment, removal from Antarctica, recision of a grant, or sanctions by an employer. A copy of a permit issued under the ACA must be in the personal possession of the individual directing or performing the permitted activity. An ACA permit is required in addition to any permit issued under other applicable acts (e.g., the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Endangered Species Act of 1973, Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources). Master permit (U.S. Antarctic Program) In 1999 NSF’s Antarctic support contractor, applied for and was issued a Master Permit, which expires on 30 September 2004. This Master Permit covers all USAP related activities and establishes requirements for management of all designated