A R The training and use of memory was N crucial in medieval culture, given the E D C limited literacy at the time, but, to date, O very little thought has been given to the M N complex and disparate ways in which E S theories and practices of memory inter- M I D acted with the inherently unstable O E concepts of time and gender prevalent R R during the period. Drawing on approaches Y I N from applied poststructural and queer I N G theory among others, the essays in this G volume reassess those ideologies, meanings M and responses generated by the workings E E N of memory within and over “time”. D D Ultimately, they argue for the fundamental I E E instability of the traditional gender-time- V R memory matrix (within which men are A , configured as the recorders of “history” L T and women as the repositories of a more CI M inchoate familial and communal U E knowledge), revealing the Middle Ages as L T a locus for a far more fluid concept- U ualization of gender, time and memory R than has previously been considered. E R ELIZABETH COX is Lecturer in Old English at Swansea University; ROBERTA C MAGNANI is Lecturer in Medieval Literature at Swansea University; LIZ O HERBERT MCAVOYis Professor of Medieval Literature at Swansea University. X , M econsidering CONTRIBUTORS: Anne E. Bailey, Daisy Black, Elizabeth Cox, Fiona Harris- C A Stoertz, Ayoush Lazikani, Liz Herbert McAvoy, Pamela E. Morgan, William V Gender, Time O Rogers, Patricia Skinner, Victoria Turner. Y A N Cover illustration: ‘Horlogue de Sapience’ (Clock of Wisdom). Henry Suso, Horlogue de D and Memory in Sapience. Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique, MS IV.III, f. 13v. By kind permission M of Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. A G N Medieval Culture Gender in the Middle Ages A N I ( e d s ) Edited by Elizabeth Cox, an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd Liz Herbert McAvoy PO Box 9, Woodbridge IP12 3DF (GB) and 668 Mt Hope Ave, Rochester NY 14620–2731 (US) and Roberta Magnani www.boydellandbrewer.com Gender in the Middle Ages Volume 10 ReconsideRing gendeR, Time and memoRy in medieval culTuRe Gender in the Middle Ages issn 1742–870X Series Editors Jacqueline murray diane Watt Editorial Board clare lees Katherine J. lewis Karma lochrie This series investigates the representation and construction of masculinity and femininity in the middle ages from a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives. it aims in particular to explore the diversity of medieval genders, and such interrelated contexts and issues as sexuality, social class, race and ethnicity, and orthodoxy and hetero- doxy. Proposals or queries should be sent in the first instance to the editors or to the publisher, at the addresses given below; all submissions will receive prompt and informed consid- eration. Professor Jacqueline murray, college of arts, university of guelph, guelph, ontario, n1g 2W1, canada Professor diane Watt, school of english and languages, university of surrey, guildford, surrey gu5 7XH, uK Boydell & Brewer limited, Po Box 9, Woodbridge, suffolk, iP12 3dF, uK also in this series: i Gender and Medieval Drama, Katie normington, 2004 ii Gender and Petty Crime in Late Medieval England, Karen Jones, 2006 iii The Pastoral Care of Women in Late Medieval England, Beth allison Barr, 2008 iv Gender, Nation and Conquest in the Works of William of Malmesbury, Kirsten a. Fenton, 2008 v Monsters, Gender and Sexuality in Medieval English Literature, dana m. oswald, 2010 vi Medieval Anchoritisms: Gender, Space and the Solitary Life, liz Herbert mcavoy, 2011 vii Middle-Aged Women in the Middle Ages, edited by sue niebrzydowski, 2011 viii Married Women and the Law in Premodern Northwest Europe, edited by cordelia Beattie and matthew Frank stevens, 2013 iX Religious Men and Masculine Identity in the Middle Ages, edited by P. H. cullum and Katherine J. lewis, 2013 ReconsideRing gendeR, Time and memoRy in medieval culTuRe edited by Elizabeth Cox, Liz Herbert McAvoy and Roberta Magnani d. s. BReWeR © contributors 2015 All Rights Reserved. except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2015 d. s. Brewer, cambridge isBn 978 1 84384 403 7 d. s. Brewer is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer ltd Po Box 9, Woodbridge, suffolk iP12 3dF, uK and of Boydell & Brewer inc. 668 mt Hope avenue, Rochester, ny 14620–2731, usa website: www.boydellandbrewer.co.uk a ciP catalogue record for this book is available from the British library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of uRls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate This publication is printed on acid-free paper conTenTs List of Contributors vii Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xii introduction: In principio: The Queer matrix of gender, Time 1 and memory in the middle ages Liz Herbert McAvoy 1 The Pitfalls of linear Time: using the medieval Female life-cycle 13 as an organizing strategy Patricia Skinner 2 medieval expiration dating? Queer Time and spatial dislocation 29 in Aucassin et Nicolette Victoria Turner 3 Remembering Birth in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-century 45 england Fiona Harris-Stoertz 4 ‘ides gnornode/geomrode giddum’: Remembering the Role of 61 a friðusibb in the Retelling of the Fight at Finnsburg in Beowulf Elizabeth Cox 5 Remembrance and Time in the Wooing Group 79 Ayoush Lazikani 6 gendered strategies of Time and memory in the Writing of Julian 95 of norwich and the Recluse of Winchester Liz Herbert McAvoy 7 gendered discourses of Time and memory in the cult and 111 Hagiography of William of norwich Anne E. Bailey 8 Re-membering saintly Relocations: The Rewriting of saint 127 congar’s life within the gendered context of Romance narratives Pamela E. Morgan 9 a man out of Time: Joseph, Time and space in the n-Town 147 marian Plays Daisy Black 10 dismembering gender and age: Replication, Rebirth and 163 Remembering in The Phoenix William Rogers Bibliography 179 Index 199 conTRiBuToRs Anne E. Bailey completed her doctorate in July 2010 and from 2010 to 2013 held a postdoctoral research fellowship at Harris manchester college, university of oxford. she is currently researching and teaching at oxford as an affiliated member of the History Faculty. Her research interests include saints’ cults and pilgrimage, hagiography, women’s religious history and gender, focusing chiefly on england during the High middle ages. Daisy Black is lecturer in medieval and early modern literature at the university of Hull. she completed her Ph.d. at the university of manchester with her thesis, ‘mind the gap: Time, gender and conflict in the late medi- eval mystery Plays’. Her research interests include periodization; cornish religious drama; medieval depictions of Jews and saracens; narratives of cannibalism and their relation to the eucharist, and examining dramatic performance as a means of reassessing lay theologies during the early Refor- mation. she is also currently writing a dramatization of the Bayeux Tapestry. Elizabeth Cox was awarded her Ph.d. from swansea university in 2013. Her doctoral thesis was entitled ‘discerning Women: unravelling enclosed Female identities in secular Texts 900–1300’, in which she considered the representations of the many ways in which women are enclosed within male- and female-authored texts of the period. Her current research interests include the enclosure of women in anglo-saxon and anglo-norman texts, and the intersection of temporal, spatial, linguistic and physical borders. she is currently teaching old english at swansea university. Fiona Harris-Stoertz received her Ph.d. from the university of california at santa Barbara and is currently associate Professor of medieval History at Trent university in Peterborough, canada. she is the author of several articles and book chapters on gender, childbirth, childhood, and adolescence during the High middle ages, and is currently working on a monograph on high-medieval pregnancy and childbirth. Ayoush Lazikani is currently stipendiary lecturer in old and middle english at the university of oxford. Her research focuses on the languages of affec- tive stirrings and pain in early middle english, latin and anglo-norman devotional texts of the High middle ages. she has a forthcoming mono- vii Contributors graph in this area: Cultivating the Heart: Feeling and Emotion in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Religious Texts (cardiff: university of Wales Press, 2015). Liz Herbert McAvoy is Professor of medieval literature at swansea univer- sity. Her main research interest is medieval literature written by, for or about women, particularly devotional texts from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. interested also in issues of gender, space and enclosure, she has published widely on medieval anchoritic writings and mystical works written by men and women, including Authority and the Female Body in the Writings of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe (2004) and Medieval Anchoritisms: Gender, Space and the Solitary Life (2011). she has also edited a wide range of essay collections on these and associated topics. Roberta Magnani is lecturer in english literature at swansea university, where she teaches medieval and early-modern literature as well as gender theory. interested in the works of geoffrey chaucer and, more broadly, in the intersection between manuscript studies and queer theory, she is currently completing a monograph entitled Chaucer’s Queer Textualities: Manuscripts and the Challenging of Authority for the new middle ages series published by Palgrave macmillan (forthcoming in 2016). she also has research interests in medieval medicine and gendered spaces such as the hortus conclusus. Pamela E. Morgan has recently completed a Ph.d. at swansea university entitled ‘saints and edges in anglo-saxon england’. This project explores representations of saints in anglo-saxon (vernacular and latin) texts with attention to cultural context and theories of liminality. William Rogers is a lecturer in the english department at case Western Reserve university and holds a Ph.d. in english literature and language from cornell university, where he specialized in the literature of the late fourteenth to the early seventeenth centuries. His main research interests include the history of the book, especially the transition from script to print, queer theory and disability studies. He is currently revising his doctoral dissertation, ‘Rewriting old age from chaucer to shakespeare: The inven- tion of english senex style’, into a book that examines depictions of old age in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and their ties to prosthesis as rhetorical strategy and corporeal addition. currently, he reviews Piers Plowman schol- arship for The Year’s Work in English. Patricia Skinner is Reader in medieval History at Winchester university and Wellcome Research Fellow in the History of medicine. she is currently working on a Wellcome Trust-funded project ‘losing Face? living with disfigurement in medieval europe’, and is the co-editor (with elisabeth van Houts) of Medieval Writings on Secular Women (london, 2011). she has viii Contributors published extensively in the fields of gender, Jewish and italian medieval history. Victoria Turner is a lecturer in French at the university of st andrews. she completed her doctoral thesis at the university of Warwick in 2013 and is currently working on a monograph on representations of the saracen and notions of race and identity in medieval French literature. Her current research interests also include the narration and translation of medieval travel accounts and the experience of space. ix