FIRST AID ™ Q&A FOR THE USM LE STEP 1 Third Edition SENIOR EDITORS Tao Le, MD, MHS James A. Feinstein, MD Associate Clinical Professor Clinical Instructor, Section of General Pediatrics Chief, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology The Children's Hospital Colorado Department of Medicine Research Fellow University of Louisville Primary Care Research Program University of Colorado School of Medicine EDITORS Mark W. Ball, MD Kimberly Kallianos Resident Harvard Medical School The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Class of 2012 The Johns Hopkins Hospital Cesar Raudel Padilla Annie Dude, MD University of Rochester School of Medicine Resident Class of 2012 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Medical Center Lauren Rothkopf, MD Masters in Public Health candidate Rebecca L. Hoffman, MD Temple University College of Health Professions and Resident Social Work Department of General Surgery Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania James Yeh, MD Resident Mark Robert Jensen Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge Health Alliance Class of 2012 New York / Chicago / San Francisco / Lisbon / London / Madrid / Mexico City M ilan / New Delhi / San Juan / Seoul / Singapore / Sydney / Toronto Copyright © 2012 by Tao Le. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-174596-3 MHID: 0-07-174596-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-174402-7, MHID: 0-07-174402-9. 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This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Authors vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi How to Contribute xiii SECTION I GeNeral PriNciPles 1 Chapter 1 Behavioral Science 3 Chapter 2 Biochemistry 17 Chapter 3 Embryology 53 Chapter 4 Microbiology 71 Chapter 5 Immunology 101 Chapter 6 Pathology 123 Chapter 7 Pharmacology 141 SECTION II orGaN systems 159 Chapter 8 Cardiovascular 161 Chapter 9 Endocrine 197 Chapter 10 Gastrointestinal 233 Chapter 11 Hematology-Oncology 271 Chapter 12 Musculoskeletal 307 Chapter 13 Neurology 339 Chapter 14 Psychiatry 363 Chapter 15 Renal 379 Chapter 16 Reproductive 415 Chapter 17 Respiratory 451 v SECTION III Full-leNGth examiNatioNs 487 Test Block 1 489 Test Block 2 527 Test Block 3 563 Test Block 4 599 Test Block 5 633 Test Block 6 669 Test Block 7 705 Appendix: Common Laboratory Values 741 Index 743 About the Authors 767 vi AUTHORS KIRSTEN AUSTAD KATHERINE LATIMER Fellow Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics Class of 2012 Harvard University JOSEPH LIAO EIKE BLOHM Boston University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Class of 2012 Class of 2012 JERRY LOO BENJAMIN CAPLAN, MD University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Resident Class of 2012 Department of Family Medicine Boston University AYA MICHAELS, MD Resident PO-HAO CHEN Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital Class of 2012 SOMALA MUHAMMED, MD LAUREN DE LEON, MD Resident Intern Department of General Surgery Department of Internal Medicine Baylor College of Medicine The Alpert Medical School of Brown University BEHROUz NAMDARI, MD PHILIP EYE Resident Boston University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Class of 2012 Duke University Medical Center JIM GRIFFIN, MD TASHERA PERRY, MD Resident Resident Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Johns Hopkins Hospital The University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine JOHN HEGDE CHRISTOPHER ROxBURY Harvard Medical School Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Class of 2012 Class of 2012 EMILY HEIKAMP NEEPA SHAH Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Class of 2014 Boston University Class of 2012 THOMAS ROBERT HICKEY, MD BETHANY STRONG Resident Department of Anesthesiology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital Class of 2012 HENRY R. KRAMER, MD SEENU SUSARLA, MD, DMD, MPH Resident Resident Department of Medicine Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital THOMAS LARDARO JEFFREY TOSOIAN Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Class of 2012 Class of 2012 vii JACKSON VANE, MD MARC E. WALKER Resident Harvard Medical School Department of Pediatrics Class of 2012 University of California, Irvine School of Medicine DANIEL J. VERDINI, MD Resident Department of Internal Medicine University of Nevada School of Medicine at Reno viiiviii