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Contents Prefacexv Chapter 0 Modern Computers 0.1 Calculations by Machine 0.2 How Computers Work and Why We Made Them 0.2.1 Numbers Example: Base Convert Binary Numbers to Decimal Convert Decimal Numbers to Binary Arithmetic in Binary 0.2.2 Memory 0.2.3 Stored Programs 0.3 Computer Systems Are Built in Layers 0.3.1 Assemblers and Compilers 0.3.2 Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) Widgets 0.4 Computer Networks 0.4.1 Internet 0.4.2 World Wide Web 0.5 Representation 0.6 Summary Chapter 1 Computers and Programming 1.1 Solving a Problem Using a Computer 1.2 Executing Python 1.3 Guess a Number 1.4 Rock-Paper-Scissors 1.5 Solving the Guess a Number Problem 1.6 Solving the Rock-Paper-Scissors Problem 1.6.1 Variables and Values – Experimenting with the Graphical User Interface 1.6.2 Exchanging Information with the Computer 1.6.3 Example 1: Draw a Circle Using Characters 1.6.4 Strings, Integers, and Real Numbers 1.6.5 Number Bases 1.6.6 Example 2: Compute the Circumference of any Circle 1.6.7 Guess a Number Again 1.7 IF Statements 1.7.1 Else 1.8 Documentation 1.9 Rock-Paper-Scissors Again 1.10 Types Are Dynamic (Advanced) 1.11 Summary Chapter 2 Repetition 2.1 The WHILE Statement 2.1.1 The Guess-A-Number Program Yet Again 2.1.2 Modifying the Game 2.2 Rock-Paper-Scissors Yet Again 2.2.1 Random Numbers 2.3 Counting Loops 2.4 Prime or Non-Prime 2.4.1 Exiting from a Loop 2.4.2 Else 2.5 Loops That are Nested 2.6 Draw a Histogram 2.7 Loops in General 2.8 Exceptions and Errors 2.8.1 Problem: A Final Look at Guess a Number 2.9 Summary Chapter 3 Sequences: Strings, Tuples, and Lists 3.1 Strings 3.1.1 Comparing Strings Problem: Does a City Name, Entered at the Console, Come before or after the Name Denver? 3.1.2 Slicing – Extracting Parts of Strings Problem: Identify a “Print” Statement in a String 3.1.3 Editing Strings Problem: Create a JPEG File Name from a Basic String Problem: Change the Suffix of a File Name Problem: Reverse the Order of Characters in a String Problem: Is a Given File Name That of a Python Program? 3.1.4 String Methods 3.1.5 Spanning Multiple Lines 3.1.6 For Loops Again 3.2 The Type Bytes 3.3 Tuples 3.3.1 Tuples in For Loops Problem: Print the Number of Neutrons in an Atomic Nucleus 3.3.2 Membership Problem: What Even Numbers Less than or Equal to 100 are Also Perfect Squares? 3.3.3 Delete Problem: Delete the Element Lithium from the Tuple Atoms, along with Its Atomic Number. 3.3.4 Update Problem: Change the Entry for Lithium to an Entry for Oxygen 3.3.5 Tuple Assignment 3.3.6 Built-In Functions for Tuples 3.4 Lists Problem: Compute the Average (Mean) of a List of Numbers 3.4.1 Editing Lists 3.4.2 Insert 3.4.3 Append 3.4.4 Extend 3.4.5 Remove 3.4.6 Index 3.4.7 Pop 3.4.8 Sort 3.4.9 Reverse 3.4.10 Count 3.4.11 List Comprehension 3.4.12 Lists and Tuples 3.4.13 Exceptions Problem: Delete the Element Helium from a List Problem: Delete a Specified Element from a List 3.5 Set Types 3.5.1 Example: Craps 3.6 Summary Chapter 4 Functions 4.1 Function Definition: Syntax and Semantics 4.1.1 Problem: Use poundn to Draw a Histogram 4.1.2 Problem: Generalize the Histogram Code for Other Years 4.2 Function Execution 4.2.1 Returning a Value Problem: Write a Function to Calculate the Square Root of its Parameter 4.2.2 Parameters 4.2.3 Default Parameters 4.2.4 None 4.2.5 Example: The Game of Sticks 4.2.6 Scope 4.2.7 Variable Parameter Lists 4.2.8 Variables as Functions Example: Find the Maximum Value of a Function 4.2.9 Functions as Return Values 4.3 Recursion 4.3.1 Avoiding Infinite Recursion 4.4 Creating Python Modules 4.5 Program Design Using Functions – Example: The Game of Nim 4.5.1 The Development Process Exposed 4.6 Summary Chapter 5 Files: Input and Output 5.1 What Is a File? A Little “Theory” 5.1.1 How Are Files Stored on a Disk? 5.1.2 File Access is Slow 5.2 Keyboard Input 5.2.1 Problem: Read a Number from the Keyboard and Divide It by 2 5.3 Using Files in Python: Less Theory, More Practice 5.3.1 Open a File File Not Found Exceptions 5.3.2 Reading from Files End of File Common File Input Operations CSV Files Problem: Print the Names of Planets Having Fewer Than Ten Moons Problem: Play Jeopardy Using a CSV Data Set The With Statement 5.4 Writing To Files Example: Write a Table of Squares to a File 5.4.1 Appending Data to a File Example: Append Another 20 Squares to the Table of Squares File 5.5 Summary Chapter 6 Classes 6.1 Classes and Types 6.1.1 The Python Class – Syntax and Semantics