This Page Intentionally Left Blank G P II TU R I N 0 U R S ELVES llNDA HAVERTY RUGG b P H O T O G R A P H Y A U T O B I O G R A P H Y The Llnlversly of Chicago Press / Chlcato and London LINDAH AVERTRYU CG is associate professor of German and Scandinavian in the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures at The Ohio State University. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London 0 1997 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1997 Printed in the United States of America 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN: 0-226-73146-4 (cloth) ISBN: 0-226-731 47-2 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rugg, Linda Haverty. Picturing ourselves : photography and autobiography / Linda Haverty Rugg. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-226-73146-4 (cloth : alk. paper).-ISBN 0-226-73147-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1 . Photography-Philosophy. 2. Autobiography. 3. Twain, Mark, 1835-191 &Views on photography. 4. Strindberg, August, 1849-1 9 12-Views on photography. 5. Benjamin, Walter, 1892-1 940-Views on photography. 6. Wolf, Christa-Views on photography. 7. Self-realization in literature. I. Title. TR183.R84 1997 770’. 1-dc2 1 97-3996 CIP @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI 239.48- 1984 Cont ents List $Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 I Illumination and Obfuscation: Mark Twain’s Photographic Autobiography 29 I1 Photographing the Soul: August Strindberg 81 I11 The Angel $History as Photographer: Walter Benjamin’s Berlin Childhood around 1900 133 IV The Lost Photo Album $Christa Wop Patterns of Childhood 189 Conclusion 23 1 Notes 239 Works Cited 26 1 Index 271 V This Page Intentionally Left Blank Illustrations Figure 1.1 Mark Twain, daguerreotype, 1850 31 Figure 1.2 Mark Twain, carte de visite, 1867 38 Figure 1.3 “Poet Lariat,” engraving from Innocents Abroad (I 869) 40 Figure 1.4 “Return in War-Paint,” engraving from Innocents Abroad (1 869) 41 Figure 1.5 Mark Twain, half of a stereoscopic view, 1874 50 Figure 1.6 Mark Twain and his wife, Olivia Clemens, 1895 55 Figure 1.7 Mark Twain, 1895 56 Figure 1.8 Mark Twain giving an interview in bed, 1895 58 Figure 1.9 Stereoscopic view of Mark Twain, 1906 59 Figures 1.10-1.16 Mark Twain, Dublin, New Hampshire, 1906 74-77 Figure 2.1 August Strindberg in Lund, 1897 89 Figures 2.2-2.5 Nadar’s interview with Chevreul, photographs from Le Journal Illustrk, 5 September 1886 96-97 Figure 2.6 August Strindberg, Gersau, 1886 98 Figure 2.7 August, Karin, and Greta Strindberg, Gersau, 1886 99 Figure 2.8 August Strindberg, Gersau, 1886. “He had put on his black frock coat and looked respectable, but happy as well (The Red Room)I ’ 100 Figure 2.9 Greta Strindberg, Gersau, 1886. “Greta with her Lilli .” 101 vii lllustrot ions Figure 2.10 Siri and Hans Strindberg, Gersau, 1886. “Mamma with Putte and the Alps, or the everlasting ques- tion’s practical solution.” 102 Figure 2.1 1 August Strindberg, Gersau, 1886. “Come on, you devils, and fight!” 103 Figure 2.12 August Strindberg, Gersau, 1886. “An opponent photograph of ‘The Terrible One.”’ 104 Figure 2.13 “Contempt or Disdain,” from Charles Darwin, The Expression ef the Emotions in Man and Animals (1 872) 108 Figure 2.14 “Revulsion,” no. 1, from Charles Darwin, The Ex- pression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1 872) 109 Figure 2.15 “Revulsion,” no. 2, from Charles Darwin, The Ex- pression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1 872) 109 Figure 2.16 “Hard Times,” 1860 111 Figure 2.17 August Strindberg, Berlin, 1892 115 Figure 2.18 August Strindberg, 1906 119 Figure 3.1 Vexierbild: the Duck-Rabbit picture 1 40 Figure 3.2 Vielle Cour, 22, rue Saint-Sauveur, Paris, ca. 1898-1 927 159 Figure 3.3 Rue Saint-Rustique, Paris, ca. 1898-1927 160 Figure 3.4 Walter and Georg Benjamin, ca. 1899 168 Figure 3.5 Franz Kafka, 1888 169 Figure 3.6 “Returning from Nantes” “Vat a dirty country!” “Ja . . .” Two Jews in France after the Dreyfus trial, from page 1 of Psst . . . , a Parisian journal, 13 August 1898 181 Figure 3.7 “The Teacher,” from Antlitz der Zeit (191 3) 183 Figure 3.8 “The Composer P.H. ,” from Antlitz der Zeit (1 926) 184 Figure 4.1 Christa Wolf, Getty Center, Los Angeles, 1993 191 Figure 4.2 Plac Sloneczny 5, Gorzow Wielkopolslu 196 Figure 4.3 Christa Wolf with her daughters and grand- daughter, 1980 220 viii