1/ Phrase by Phrase Pronunciation and Listening in American English MARSHA CHAN Mission CoIIege PRENTICE HALL REGENTS Library of Congrees Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chan, Marsha J., (date) Phrase by phrase. l. Euglish language-Text-books for foreign eDeakers. 2. Enelish lansuace-United States- Fonunciation. 5. Listenins.- I. fitle. PEr128.C49 1987 426.3'4 86-25184 IIIBN 0-13-665852-0 Editoriall production superuision and interior desipn: Ann L. f\dohan. WordCrafters Editorial Servicei. Inc. Couer dcsign: Lundgren Graphics, Ltd. Couer illustratinn: Ellen Joy Sasaki M anufacturins buyer : Marearct Ri?,zi Illustiatnr: Eilen Jov SasaFi Ol9&7 by Prtntice llall Rcgents Prentice-Hall lnc. AU riehts reserved. No part of this book mav be reproifuced, in any form'or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Material from 'Three Days to See," by Helen Keller, is reprinted with kind permission from America-n Founddtioir for the Blind'and ii @ 1980 by American Foundation for the Blind, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011. Printed in the United States of America 20 19 18 l7 16 15 ISBN 0-1,3-bb5A5e-0 Contents INTRODUCTION ix 1 THE GRASSHoPPER AND THE ANTs I Vocabulary Focus, 1 Before You Listen, 2 Listening Comprehension, 3 Listening Cloze,4 Discussion, 4 Sound Focus 1: Syllables,5 Sound Focus 2: Stressed Syllables, 5 Sound Focus 3: Unstressed Syllables and Reduced Vowels, 6 Sound Focus 4: Contractions, 7 Sound Focus 5: Phrase Reductions, 8 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Syllables, S Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Clear Vowels, 9 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Contractions and Phrase Reductions, 9 On Your Own, 10 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 10 2 ll Lrz's ExERcrsE PRocRAM Vocabulary Focus, 11 Before You Listen, 12 Listening Comprehension, 13 Listening Cloze, L4 Discussion, 14 Sound Focus 1: /s/, as in side, t5 ul lv Contents Sound Focus 2: lzl, as in zoo, L5 Sound Focus 3: Syllables and Word Stress, 15 Sound Focus 4: Third Person Singular Verb Endings, 16 Sound Focus 5: Linking and Reduction, 16 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Extra Syllable lnl, L8 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lsl and. /z/, L8 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Consonant-to-Vowel Linking, 19 On Your Own, 19 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 20 3 wHAT's FoR DINNER? zr Vocabulary Focus, 21 Before You Listen, 22 Listening Comprehension, 23 Listening Cloze,24 Discussion, 25 Sound Focus 1: Rising and Falling Intonation, 25 Sound Focus 2: Statement Intonation, 25 Sound Focus 3: Yes/No Question Intonation, 26 Sound Focus 4: Wh- Question Intonation, 27 Sound Focus 5: Choice Question Intonation, 27 Sound Focus 6: Listing Intonation, 28 *Hafba, *Hasta, *Wanna, *Whaddaya, *Kin, Sound Focus 7: Reductions: 28 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Rising, Falling, and Even Intonation, 29 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Contractions and Reductions, 30 On Your Own, 30 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 32 4 JoHN THoRNToN's LovE FoR BUCK sg Vocabulary Focus, 33 Before You Listen, 34 Listening Comprehension, 35 Listening Cloze, 36 Discussion, 36 Sound Focus 1: Stressing Content Words, 37 Sound Focus 2: l0l, as in thin, 37 Sound Focus 3: ldl, as in fbis, 38 Sound Focus 4: lhl , as in house, 38 Sound Focus 5: Linking and Disappearance of lhl: *Izzy at home?, 38 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Content Words, 39 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: l0l and ldl,39 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /h/ and Disappearance of l}al, 40 On Your Own, 41 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 42 5 cLEANTNG uP THE BAcKYARD 48 Vocabulary Focus, 43 Before You Listen, 44 Listening Comprehension, 45 Listening Cloze,46 Contents Discussion, 46 Sound Focus 1: Word Stress and Intonation. 47 Sound Focus 2: ltl, as in tirne, 47 Sound Focus 3: ldl, as in g@, 48 Sound Focus 4: Regular Past Tense Endings, 48 Sound Focus 5: Vowel Length, 49 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Content Words, 49 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Extra Syllable ldl, 5O Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /d/ and ltl , 50 On Your Own, 51 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 52 6 ourrNc A sUNDAY Eg Vocabulary Focus, 53 Before You Listen, 54 Listening Comprehension, 55 Listening Cloze, 56 Discussion, 57 Sound Focus l: lml , as in sum, 5'7 Sound Focus 2: lnl , as in sun,5'7 Sound Focus 3: lrll , as in sung 57 *Gonna, xOughta, *Dunno, Sound Focus 4: Reductions: 58 Sound Focus 5: Direct Address Intonation, 58 Sound Focus 6: Tag Question Intonation, 58 Sound Focus 7: Two-Word Verb Stress,'59 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase L: lml, /n/, and lgl, 60 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Contractions and Reductions, 60 On Your Own, 61 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 63 7 THE oAK AND THE REED 6b Vocabulary Focus, 65 Before You Listen. 66 Listening Comprehension, 6? Listening Cloze, 68 Discussion, 68 Sound Focus l: livl, as in red,, 68 Sound Focus 2: ltl, as in rfuer, 69 Sound Focus 3: lo* I , as in oak, 69 Sound Focus 4: lcl, as in sou, 69 Sound Focus 5: Contrast livl-lrl, lo*l-1c,70 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Content Words, 70 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: livl and |il,71 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /c/ and lo*1,'7L On Your Own. 72 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 73 8 KoKo's KITTEN 75 Vocabulary Focus, 75 Before You Listen. 77 Listening Comprehension, 77 vl Contents Listening Cloze,78 Discussion, 78 Sound Focus l: lkl, as in cat,78 Sound Focus 2: lgl, as in get,79 Sound Focus 3: Vowel Length, 79 Sound Focus 4: Phrase Stress, 80 Sound Focus 5: Noun Compounds, 81 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Key Words, 82 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lkl,83 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: lgl,83 On Your Own,84 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 85 9 wHY r woRK 87 Vocabulary Focus, 87 Before You Listen, 88 Listening Comprehension, 89 Listening Cloze, 90 Discussion, 90 Sound Focus l: lol, as in father,9I Sound Focus 2: lr'1, as in czzf, 91 Sound Focus 3: l*l , as in earn,9L Sound Focus 4; lwl, as in want, 92 Sound Focus 5: Linking and Holding, 92 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Syllables, 93 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lwl and lal,93 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /a/ and lrl,94 On Your Own, 95 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 96 10 RAFTING THRoucH THE GRAND cANyoN e7 Vocabulary Focus, 97 Before You Listen. 98 Listening Comprehension, 99 Listening Cloze, 100 Discussion, 100 Sound Focus 1: Unstressing Function Words, 100 Sound Focus 2: Rhythm, 101 Sound Focus 3: Thought Phrases, 101 Sound Focus 4: lrl, as in raft, LO2 Sound Focus 5: lll, as in Inke, L03 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Function Words, 104 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: la"l and Vowel t lrl,104 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /l/, 105 On Your Own. 105 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 106 11 THE ACcIDENT roz Vocabulary Focus, 107 Before You Listen. 108 Contents vu Listening Comprehension, 109 Listening Cloze, 110 Discussion, 110 I: Sound Focus lu*/, as in shoe, 11L Sound Focus 2: lul, as py!, IIL Sound Focus 3: lyl as in1es, 111 Sound Focus 4: Reduction: Conditionals, 11,2 Sound Focus 5: Stress and Timing, 113 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase L: /u*i and lul,Il4 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lhl, h and lyl, LLA Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Linking, 115 On Your Own, 116 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, lL7 LZ voLCANoES rN THE RING oF FIRE ttg Vocabulary Focus, 119 Before You Listen, 120 Listening Comprehension, 120 Listening Cloze, t22 Discussion, 122 Sound Focus L: lll, as in shnw, L22 Sound Focus 2: l3l , as in measure, L23 Sound Focus 3: /t!1, as in chair, 123 Sound Focus 4: ld3l, as in jail, L23 Sound Focus 5: Sound and Stress Shifts. 124 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: /J/ and l3l,I25 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: ltll and, ld3l, L25 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Content Words and Phrase Stress, 126 On Your Own. 127 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 128 13 FATHER,s IDEA oF FUN rzs Vocabulary Focus, 129 Before You Listen, 130 Listening Comprehension, 131 Listening Cloze, L32 Discussion, 132 Sound Focus L: lfl, as in full, t32 Sound Focus 2: lv/, as inrrry, 133 Sound Focus 3: Vowel Length, 133 Sound Focus 4: Introductory Phrase Intonation, 134 Sound Focus 5: Contrastive Stress and Intonation, 134 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Phrase Stress, 136 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lfl and lvl, t36 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Unstressed Words, 137 On Your Own, 137 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 139 t4 EDISoN's CREATIvE TALENT r4r Vocabulary Focus, 141 Before You Listen. 142 vlll Contents Listening Comprehension, 143 Listening Cloze,144 Discussion. 144 Sound Focus l: levl, as in sa1 145 Sound Focus 2: lel , as in euery, L45 Sound Focus 3: lel, as in act, t45 Sound Focus 4: Sound and Stress Shifts, 145 Sound Focus 5: Contrastive Stress and Intonation,147 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Stressed and Unstressed Syllables, 147 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: levl and, lal, L48 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /e/ and lnl,149 On Your Own, 149 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 150 15 BABY BooMERS: THE BIG BULGE rbl Vocabulary Focus, 151 Before You Listen, 152 Listening Comprehension, 153 Listening Cloze,154 Discussion, 154 Sound Focus l: lpl, as in pople, 754 Sound Focus 2: lbl, as in baby, L55 Sound Focus 3: Vowel Length, 155 Sound Focus 4: Noun Compound Review, 156 Sound Focus 5: Consonant Review, 157 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Stressed and Unstressed Syllables, 157 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lpl,158 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /b/, 159 On Your Own, 159 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 161 16 THE GrFT oF sIGHT 16s Vocabulary Focus, 163 Before You Listen. 164 Listening Comprehension, 165 Listening Cloze, 166 Discussion, 166 Sound Focus l: lail, as inglg, 166 Sound Focus 2: lottl, as in out, L67 Sound Focus 3: lcil, as in uoice, 167 Sound Focus 4: Question Word Stress, 167 Sound Focus 5: Vowel Review, 168 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Stressed Syllables, 169 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Linking, 169 Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: loil, /ou/, and lcil,L70 On Your Own. 170 Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 171 PRONUNCIATION KEY L72 PRONOUNCING GLOSSARY I73