OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE-V ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo NICHOLAS R. DI LUZIO, Tulane University School of Medicine EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, The Weizmann Institute of Science DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute ABEL LAJTHA, Rockland Research Institute RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 162 HOST DEFENSES TO INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS Edited by Toby K. Eisenstein, Paul Actor, and Herman Friedman Volume 163 FOLYL AND ANTIFOLYL POLYGLUTAMATES Edited by I. David Goldman, Joseph R. Bertino, and Bruce A. Chabner Volume 164 THROMBOSIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Edited by Antonio Strano Volume 165 PURINE METABOLISM IN MAN-IV Edited by Chris H. M. M. De Bruyn, H. Anne Simmonds, and Mathias M. Miiller Volume 166 BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS IN HUMAN ONCOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY Edited by Thomas Klein, Steven Specter, Herman Friedman, and Andor Szentivanyi Volume 167 PROTEASES: Potential Role in Health and Disease Edited by Walter H. HOri and August Heidland Volume 168 THE HEALING AND SCARRING OF ATHEROMA Edited by Moshe Wolman Volume 169 OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE-V Edited by D. W. Liibbers, H. Acker, E. Leniger-Follert, and T. K. Goldstick A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order win bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are biDed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE-V Edited by D. W. Lubbers H. Acker E. Leniger-Fo llert Max Planck Institute for System Physiology Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany and T. K. Goldstick Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Oxygen transport to tissue - V. (Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 169) "Proceedings of the meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue, held September 15-17, 1982, in Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany"-P. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Oxygen transport (Physiology)-Congresses. 2. Oxygen in the body-Congresses. I. Liibbers, D. W. II. International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue. III. Title: Oxygen transport to tissue-five. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Biological transport-Congresses. 2. Oxygen-Blood-Congresses. 3. Oxygen consumption-Congresses. WI AD559 v.169/QV 312 161201982) QP99.3.090936 1984 599'.011 83-27049 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1190-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1188-1 001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1188-1 Proceedings of the meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue, held September 15-17, 1982, in Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany ©1984 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1984 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE On the understanding that few people ever read the preface to any book and also on the understanding that even those few people who do read the preface realize that virtually nothing of any substance is ever said, I shall write at such length as will be proportional to my expected readership. The meetings of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue provide a forum for discussion amongst scientists who, although being from very diverse and specialized backgrounds, have tissue oxygenation as a unifying theme of interest. The wide variety of research material presented in this volume and the multiplicity of the experimental techniques described, should serve as an adequate gauge to the range of expertise and knowledge of the society's members. Such diversity should also stress the importance of the need for multidisciplinary approaches to complex biological problems. In attempting a fundamental characterization of a biological process such as tissue oxygenation, the application of very many separate research skills are necessary, such as mathematics, engi neering, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, histology and clini cal medicine. The success of the ISOTT has - and we hope - will con tinue to be causing a combination of individuals to direct their specialized knowledge to the many facets of a single process - tissue oxygenation. All of the papers in this volume have received some editorial revision and, where quieries have arisen, questions have been put directly to the authors in the hope that their subsequent replies will help to clear up uncertainties. Where uncertainties remain, the reader is of course recommended to take issue with the authors directly. Grateful thanks go to Mr. A.J. BAKER and Mr. J.F. O'RIORDAN for valuable editorial assistance. Gratitude is also due to our secretarial staff Frau E. MENNE, Frau D. SANGER-KRAUSE and FrI. D. MAGDEFESSEL for the most taxing of duties, the preparation of the manuscripts. v PREFACE The society is indebted to the MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT for the generous support of the meeting and the assistance in editing this book. In addition, our meeting was generously supported by the following firms: Dr. THIEMANN GmbH, 4760 Lunen H.C. BOHRINGER, 6507 Ingelheim SANDOZ AG, Ch-4002 Basel BOHRINGER MANNHEIM AG, 6800 Mannheim BAYER AG, 5600 Wuppertal PICKER INTERN. GmbH, 4992 Espelkamp CARL ZEISS, 7082 Oberkochen SCIENCE TRADING, 6000 Frankfurt H.P. HORN, 7080 Aalen ERNST LEITZ GmbH, 5000 Koln 1 WALDECK, 4400 Munster For the editors D.W. Lubbers CONTENTS Facilitated Diffusion of Oxygen: possible Significance in Blood and Muscle 3 F. Kreuzer, and L. Hoofd Muscle 02 Gradients from Hemoglobin to Cytochrome: New Concepts, New Complexities •••• 23 C.R. Honig, T.E.J. Gayeski, W. Federspiel, A. Clark, Jr., and P. Clark Metabolic Rate and Microcirculation 39 W. Kuschinski Tissue ~ Supply Under Normal and Pathological Conditions • • • • • • • • • • • 69 M. Kessler, J. Hoper, O.K. Harrison, K. Skolasinska, W.P. Klovekorn, F. Sebening, H.J. Volkholz, I. Beier, C. Kernbach, V. Rettig, and H. Richter Relationship between Steady Redox State and Brain Activation-Induced NAD/NADH Redox Responses 81 A.G.B. Kovac, E. Dora, and L. Gyulai PHYSIOLOGY OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE THEORETICAL ASPECTS Mathematical Analysis of Transport and Consumption of Molecules in Heterogeneous Brain Tissue (Methodology) ••••••••••••••• 103 R.H. Kufahl, D.F. Bruley, N.A. Busch, and J.H. Halsey, Jr. vii viii CONTENTS Coupled Transport of 02 and C02 within the Upper Skin Simulated by the Capillary Loop Model • • • • • 125 U. Grossmann, P. Winkler, and D.W. Lubbers Facilitated Diffusion and Electrical Potentials in Protein Solutions with Ionic Species 133 L. Hoofd, P. Breepoel, and F. Kreuzer Diffusional Coupling in a Hemoglobin-Free Perfused Capillary-Tissue Structure • • • • • • • • • 145 J.E. Fletcher, and R.W. Schubert BLOOD AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT On the Seemingly Diminished C02-Bohr Effect in Hypoxic Chemodenervated Rabbits • • • 163 H. Kiwull-Schone, B. Gartner, and P. Kiwull Oxygen Uptake into the Sheared Flowing Blood: Effects of Red Cell Membranes and Haematocrit 175 K. Mottaghy, C.W.M. Haest, J. Cremer, and W. Derissen Diabetic Oxygen-Hemoglobin Equilibrium Curves Evaluated by Nonlinear Regression of the Hill Equation •• • • • • • • • • 187 J.F. O'Riordan, T.K. Goldstick, J. Ditzel and J.T. Ernest Improved 02 Transfer to Tissues during Deep Hypoxia in Rats with a Left-Shifted Blood 02 Dissociation Curve • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 199 z. Turek, F. Kreuzer, B.E.M. Ringnalda, and P. Scotto BRAIN Changes in Cerebral Oxygen Tension and Red Cell Content on Sensory Stimulation • 211 I.S. Langmuir, J.A. Knopp, and J.L. Pittman Relations between p02 and Neuronal Activity in Hippocampal Slices • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 215 D. Bingmann, G. Kolde, and H.G. Lipinski Response of Gerbil Cerebral Unit Activity to Slowly Declining Tissue p02 • • • • • • • • • • • •• 227 R.M. Martin, and J.H. Halsey CONTENTS ix Properties of the Spontaneous Fluctuations in Cortical Oxygen Pressure ••• • • • • • • 231 J. Manil, R.H. Bourgain, M. Van Waeyenberge, F. Colin, E. Blockeel, B. De Mey, J. Coremans, and R. Paternoster Intraoperative Monitoring of Cortical Surface Oxygen in Sub-arachnoid Haemorrhage • • • • • • • • • 241 M.P. Powell, I.A. Silver, H.B. Coakham, and F.J.M. Walters Focal Epicerebral Ischemia: Post-Ischemic Tissue Oxygenation with and without Recirculation 251 N. wiernsperger The Effect of Glucose on the Oxygen Supply of the Blood-Free Perfused Guinea Pig Brain as Measured by Reflection Spectra and p02 Histograms • • • • 261 U. Heinrich, B. YU, J. Hoffmann, and D.W. LUbbers Oxygen Supply to the Brain Cortex in SHR and Normotensive rats • • • • • • • • • 271 K. Skolasinska, H. GUnther, J. Hoper, and R. Funk Local Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in the Cerebral Cortex of the Rat, Histochemically Detected with the DAB-Method: A MicrO-Densitometric and Electron Microscope Study • • • • • • • 281 A.W. Budi Santoso, and Th. Bar Relationship between Microflow, Local Tissue P02 and Extracellular Activities of Potassium and Hydrogen Ions in the Cat Brain during Intraarterial Infusion of Ammonium Acetate 291 J. Gronczewski, and E. Leniger-Follert Regulation of Microflow in the Cat Brain During Insulin Induced Hypoglycemia • • • • • • • •• 297 E. Leniger-Follert, J. Gronczewski, and C. Danz Glycolysis and Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 305 E. Dora, and A.G.B. Kovach Contribution of Adenosine to the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow: The Role of Calcium Ions in the Adenosine-Induced Cerebrocortical Vasodilatation • 315 A.G.B. Kovach, and E. DOra x CONTENTS Effect of DMSO and Barbiturates on Brain Oxygen Distribution ••••• 327 H.I. Bicher, H. Dujovny, C. Codas, and S. Honig HEART Local Oxygen Supply and Regional Wall Motion of the Dog's heart during Critical Stenosis of the LAD • • •• 331 M. Kessler, W.P. Klovekorn, J. Hoper, F. Sebening, M. Brunner, K.H. Frank, D.K. Harrison, C. Kernbach, W. Anderer, H. Richter, and R. Ellermann Intramyocardial Oxygen Pressure and Coronary Blood Flow during Experimental Coronary Stenosis 341 W. Menke, S. Schuchhardt, and H. Fritz Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation: Tissue Oxygen Sensor for Regulation of Coronary Flow • • 351 E.M. Nuutinen, D.F. wilson, and M. Erecinska Respiratory Chain 02 Requirements and the Metabolic Answer to Diffuse Ischemia of Mechanically Overloaded Left ventricular Myocardium •••• 359 J. Moravec, J. Nzonzi, C. Bowe, and D. Feuvray Distribution of Myocardial Glucose Consumption under Normal Conditions and during Isoprenaline and Dobutamine Infusion 369 w. Breull, and M. Rubart Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Carotid Clamping in Anemic Dogs •••••••••• 381 S.M. Cain, and C.K. Chapler Functional Alteration of Membrane Integrity during Global Ischemia in Perfused Working Rabbit Hearts 389 H. Rhee, and J. Cooper Effects of Propranolol and Epinephrine on Capillary Plasma Filling and Minimal Intercapillary Distances in the Rat Heart • • • • • • • • • • 403 P. Vetterlein, and G. Schmidt A Comparison of the Methods for Assessment of Myocardial Capillarity ••••••• 411 K. Rakusan, and Z. Turek