Organic Chemistry for the JEE Main and Advanced Volume II I.S.S. Raju No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the publisher’s prior written consent. Copyright © 2017 Trishna Knowledge Systems This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. ISBN 978-93-325-7562-2 eISBN 978-93-325-8663-5 First Impression Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128, formerly known as TutorVista Global Pvt. Ltd, licensee of Pearson Education in South Asia. Head Office: A-8(A), 7th Floor, Knowledge Boulevard, Sector 62, Noida 201 309, Uttar Pradesh, India. Registered Office: 4th Floor, Software Block, Elnet Software City, TS-140, Block 2 & 9, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. Fax: 080-30461003, Phone: 080-30461060 www.pearson.co.in, Email: [email protected] Contents Preface v Acknowledgment vii About the Author ix Chapter 1 Halogen Derivatives of Hydrocarbons or Halohydrocarbons 1.1–1.132 Chapter 2 Hydroxy Compounds, Ethers and Phenols 2.1–2.230 Chapter 3 Carbonyl Compounds 3.1–3.160 Chapter 4 Carboxylic Acids 4.1–4.88 Chapter 5 Acid Derivatives 5.1–5.80 Chapter 6 Compounds Containing Nitrogen 6.1–6.134 Chapter 7 Carbohydrates 7.1–7.72 Chapter 8 Amino Acids and Proteins 8.1–8.32 Chapter 9 Polymers 9.1–9.40 Chapter 10 Practical Organic Chemistry 10.1–10.28 This page is intentionally left blank Preface Organic Chemistry is one of the most fascinating subjects as it deals with the chemicals related to living organisms. The subject has grown to such a level that it is not easy for any person to go through it completely. The number of organic compounds known has gone to almost 15 million in the past few years. It is further increasing every year. Understanding organic chemistry becomes difficult due to this reason. In the past few years, its presentation also changed in some cases due to this recent finding, but still there are some ambiguities. Writing a book of Organic Chemistry for students at the 10+2 level is a challenge as there are no boundaries for it. At this level, students have no practical experience. Their requirements should be addressed by good books, effectively guided by an able teacher. Organic Chemistry has to be presented to such students with crystal clear explanations covering all concepts, while ensuring that the discussion does not digress to topics beyond the scope of 10+2 level. The first volume of Organic Chemistry was published conforming to this requirement. This second volume of Organic Chemistry adheres to the style followed in the first volume in its delineation of reaction mechanisms and named reactions. An effort has been made to keep the explanations simple to enable students understand and apply the concepts effectively to solve questions in IIT entrance examination. Questions framed in the book have been modeled on the syllabus of CBSE and NCERT for the same purpose. Any error noticed in the book may please be brought to my notice so that it can be rectified in the subsequent editions. Suggestions for the book’s improvement are welcome. I.S.S. Raju This page is intentionally left blank Acknowledgment I thank my family members and friends who encouraged me to write this book at the age of 73. My family members were unfailingly supportive and encouraging during the long months I spent glued into many relevant resources while writing this book. I am especially thankful to my great granddaughter Chy Akshara who plays with me all the time, for not disturbing me at the time of writing the manuscript. I am obliged to Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd. for publishing this book. In particular, I am grateful to their editors Sri Abhilash Ayyappan and Mrs G. Sharmilee whose sincere efforts helped in bringing out this book in record time. I.S.S. Raju This page is intentionally left blank About the Author I.S.S. Raju retired as Principal, with 35 years of experience in teaching graduate and post graduate students the subject of organic chemistry. He currently coaches JEE Main and Advanced aspirants, a vocation that he has been actively pursuing since his retirement 15 years ago. His rich experience in this subject has assisted many students in gaining better command over this subject as well as helping them do well academically. His approach in assisting students is methodical and lucid. This helps students immensely, especially when it is about understanding the various complex theories and concepts of organic chemistry. The author’s tenure as a principal and his post-retirement contributions, in tirelessly coaching IIT aspirants, has brought him into the crux of celebrating the golden jubilee of his academic career.