The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 84 Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy Angela Carpenter Andrey G. Kostianoy Editors Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea: Part II National Case Studies The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Founding Editor: Otto Hutzinger (cid:1) Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ (cid:129) Andrey G. Kostianoy Volume 84 Advisory Editors: Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu, Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton, Donald L. Sparks Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/698 Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea: Part II National Case Studies Volume Editors: Angela Carpenter (cid:1) Andrey G. Kostianoy With contributions by J. Albaige´s (cid:1) R. Amir (cid:1) L. Belkhir (cid:1) A. Benmecheta (cid:1) A. Carpenter (cid:1) P.Daniel(cid:1)L.delaTorre(cid:1)D.Ediger(cid:1)G.Ferraro(cid:1)M.Girin(cid:1)G.Grieco(cid:1) A. S. Günay (cid:1) R. Harsch (cid:1) U. Hribar (cid:1) M. Ioannou (cid:1) A. Ivanov (cid:1) F. Telli Karakoc¸ (cid:1) G. Kirkos (cid:1) A. G. Kostianoy (cid:1) L. Loizides (cid:1) M. Migliaccio (cid:1) M. Morovic´ (cid:1) P. D. M. Nicolosi (cid:1) F. Nirchio (cid:1) M. Oluic´ (cid:1) M. Perkovic (cid:1) G. Zodiatis Editors AngelaCarpenter AndreyG.Kostianoy SchoolofEarthandEnvironment ShirshovInstituteofOceanology UniversityofLeeds RussianAcademyofSciences Leeds,UK Moscow,Russia S.Yu.WitteMoscowUniversity Moscow,Russia ISSN1867-979X ISSN1616-864X (electronic) TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistry ISBN978-3-030-11137-3 ISBN978-3-030-11138-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11138-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018966543 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaims inpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Editors-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Dami(cid:1)a Barcelo´ Prof. Dr. Andrey G. Kostianoy DepartmentofEnvironmentalChemistry ShirshovInstituteofOceanology IDAEA-CSIC RussianAcademyofSciences C/JordiGirona18–26 36,NakhimovskyPr. 08034Barcelona,Spain 117997Moscow,Russia and and CatalanInstituteforWaterResearch(ICRA) S.Yu.WitteMoscowUniversity H20Building Moscow,Russia ScientificandTechnologicalParkofthe [email protected] UniversityofGirona EmiliGrahit,101 17003Girona,Spain [email protected] Advisory Editors Prof. Dr. Jacob de Boer IVM, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam,The Netherlands Prof. Dr. Philippe Garrigues Universityof Bordeaux,France Prof. Dr. Ji-Dong Gu The Universityof HongKong,China Prof. Dr. Kevin C. Jones Universityof Lancaster, UnitedKingdom Prof. Dr. Thomas P. Knepper Universityof AppliedScience, Fresenius,Idstein, Germany Prof. Dr. Alice Newton Universityof Algarve, Faro,Portugal Prof. Dr. Donald L. Sparks Plant and SoilSciences, Universityof Delaware, USA The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Also Available Electronically The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry is included in Springer’s eBook packageEarthandEnvironmentalScience. Ifalibrarydoes notoptfor thewhole package,thebookseriesmaybeboughtonasubscriptionbasis. ForallcustomerswhohaveastandingordertotheprintversionofTheHandbook ofEnvironmentalChemistry,weofferfreeaccesstotheelectronicvolumesofthe SeriespublishedinthecurrentyearviaSpringerLink.Ifyoudonothaveaccess,you canstillviewthetableofcontentsofeachvolumeandtheabstractofeacharticleon SpringerLink(www.springerlink.com/content/110354/). Youwillfindinformationaboutthe – EditorialBoard – AimsandScope – InstructionsforAuthors – SampleContribution atspringer.com(www.springer.com/series/698). Allfiguressubmittedincolorarepublishedinfullcolorintheelectronicversionon SpringerLink. Aims and Scope Since 1980, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry has provided sound and solid knowledge about environmental topics from a chemical perspective. Presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and approaches, the series now covers topics such as local and global changes of natural environment and climate; anthropogenicimpactontheenvironment;water,airandsoilpollution;remediation and waste characterization; environmental contaminants; biogeochemistry; geo- ecology;chemicalreactionsandprocesses;chemicalandbiologicaltransformations as well as physical transport of chemicals in the environment; or environmental modeling. A particular focus of the series lies on methodological advances in environmentalanalyticalchemistry. vii Series Preface Withremarkablevision,Prof. OttoHutzingerinitiatedTheHandbook ofEnviron- mentalChemistry in1980andbecamethe foundingEditor-in-Chief.Atthattime, environmental chemistry was an emerging field, aiming at a complete description of the Earth’s environment, encompassing the physical, chemical, biological, and geologicaltransformationsofchemicalsubstancesoccurringonalocalaswellasa global scale. Environmental chemistry was intended to provide an account of the impact of man’s activities on the natural environment by describing observed changes. Whileaconsiderableamountofknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedoverthelast three decades, as reflected in the more than 70 volumes of The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, there are still many scientific and policy challenges ahead due to the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the field. The series will therefore continue to provide compilations of current knowledge. Contribu- tions are written by leading experts with practical experience in their fields. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry grows with the increases in our scientific understanding, and provides a valuable source not only for scientists but also for environmental managers and decision-makers. Today, the series covers a broad rangeofenvironmentaltopicsfromachemicalperspective,includingmethodolog- icaladvancesinenvironmentalanalyticalchemistry. Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingtendencytoincludesubjectmatterof societal relevance in the broad view of environmental chemistry. Topics include life cycle analysis, environmental management, sustainable development, and socio-economic, legal and even political problems, among others. While these topics are of great importance for the development and acceptance of The Hand- bookofEnvironmentalChemistry,thepublisherandEditors-in-Chiefhavedecided tokeepthehandbookessentiallyasourceofinformationon“hardsciences”witha particular emphasis on chemistry, but also covering biology, geology, hydrology andengineeringasappliedtoenvironmentalsciences. Thevolumesoftheseriesarewrittenatanadvancedlevel,addressingtheneeds ofbothresearchersandgraduatestudents,aswellasofpeopleoutsidethefieldof ix x SeriesPreface “pure” chemistry, including those in industry, business, government, research establishments, and public interest groups. It would be very satisfying to see these volumes used as a basis for graduate courses in environmental chemistry. Withitshighstandardsofscientificqualityandclarity,TheHandbookofEnviron- mental Chemistry provides a solid basis from which scientists can share their knowledge on the different aspects of environmental problems, presenting a wide spectrumofviewpointsandapproaches. TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistryisavailablebothinprintandonline via www.springerlink.com/content/110354/. Articles are published online as soon as they have been approved for publication. Authors, Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief are rewarded by the broad acceptance of The Handbook of Envi- ronmentalChemistrybythescientificcommunity,fromwhomsuggestionsfornew topicstotheEditors-in-Chiefarealwaysverywelcome. Dami(cid:1)aBarcelo´ AndreyG.Kostianoy Editors-in-Chief Contents IntroductiontoPartII:NationalCaseStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 AngelaCarpenterandAndreyG.Kostianoy OilPollutioninSpanishWaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 LauradelaTorreandJoanAlbaige´s OilPollutioninFrenchWaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 MichelGirinandPierreDaniel OilSpillMonitoringintheItalianWaters:COSMO-SkyMed RoleandContribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 FrancescoNirchio,GiuseppeGrieco,MaurizioMigliaccio, andPaolaD.M.Nicolosi OilSpillsintheAdriaticSea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 MarkoPerkovic,RickHarsch,andGuidoFerraro OilPollutioninSlovenianWaters:TheThreattotheSloveneCoast, PossibleNegativeInfluencesofShippingonanEnvironment andItsCulturalHeritage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 MarkoPerkovic,UrosHribar,andRickHarsch MappingofOilSlicksintheAdriaticSea:CroatiaCaseStudy. . . . . . . 159 MiraMorovic´,AndreiIvanov,andMarinkoOluic´ OilPollutioninTurkishWatersoftheMediterraneanSea. . . . . . . . . . 179 FatmaTelliKarakoc¸,DilekEdiger,andAslıSühaGünay OilPollutionintheMarineWatersofIsrael. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 RanAmir OilPollutionintheWatersofCyprus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 GeorgeKirkos,GeorgeZodiatis,LoizosLoizides,andMarinosIoannou xi