Gardens' Bulletin Singapore55 (2003) 309-315 OBITUARY Dr Chang Kiaw Lan, 31 July 1927-14August 2003 DrChangKiawLanwasappointedBotanisttothe SingaporeBotanicGardens Service on 7 July 1959 and as Keeperofthe Herbarium in 1970. She retired on 30 July 1987. Throughout most ofhercareer she was based at the Botanic Gardens at Cluny Road, attached to and in charge ofthe Herbariumthere, whence she made the acquaintance ofagreatnumberoftaxonomicbotanistsandotherbotanicalvisitorsfromthroughout the world. Her role in editing the Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore for 17 years was particularly significant because it was during a period when taxonomic research at the Gardens was at an ebb and yet the Bulletin was the only actively produced, dedicated botanicaljournal in SoutheastAsia. KiawLanwasborninKoetaradja(todaycalledBandaAceh)innorthSumatra, to MrThio Kie San, Kapitan or leader ofthe Chinese community there, and Madam Jong Lie Nio,when Indonesiawas underDutch administration. She was theirsecond daughter and youngest of six children (including an adopted first child). Kiaw Lan attended early schooling there,which was interrupted by the SecondWorldWar, and continued hereducation in Penang, Malaysia, from January 1948 until July 1953. (It was in Penang that she began to use the name Chang Kiaw Lan consistently, one of severaltranslatedphonetic versionsofhernameinChinesethatincludedThioKiauw Lan,Tjong Kiauw Lian andTjong SuYun!) She moved to Singapore to read Botany andPhilosophy attheUniversityofMalaya(1953-1958) andin 1959gainedanUpper II Honours in Botany. She obtained a Certificate ofNaturalisation under the British NationalityAct to stay in Singapore in May 1959just priortoherjoining the Botanic Gardens Service and in December, 1959, became a Singapore citizen. Her first field tripasabotanistintheBotanicGardensappearstohavebeenduring21-28 September 1959,inthe SediliareainJohore,inthecompany ofMohamadShah,aplantcollector who eventually rose to become HerbariumAssistant and Research Officer and who wouldablyassistherwiththefunctionsoftheHerbariumthroughouthercareerthere. Following her appointment to the Botanic Gardens, under H.M. Burkill's directorship, she was awarded a British Commonwealth Scholarship from October 1962 to July 1964 for a PhD in Botany at the University ofCambridge. She worked under the supervision of E.J.H. Corner, Professor ofTropical Botany at the Botany School, an exceedingly talented botanist with wide interests covering mycology and seed plants. Corner had served as an Assistant Director at the Singapore Botanic Gardens andwas already wellknownasthe authorofWayside TreesofMalayabythe time the Second World War overtook events in Singapore in 1942. Kiaw Lan was attachedtoNewnhamCollegeandcompletedherthesis,"TheStructureandTaxonomy ofLentinus Fr." (xii + 247 p., 65 pi.) in July 1965. The thesis provided a resume of 310 Gard. Bull. Singapore55(2003) Chang Kiaw Lan atthe Singapore Herbarium upon return from Cambridge, 1965 (A); at her desk,December 1974 (B); attending a friend's reception, sometime 1970s (C); and while on tourin Vietnam shortly afterretirement (D). (Courtesy ofChristinaTan) characters oftaxonomic value in the classification ofthe gill-fungus Lentinus,which is well-represented in Malaysia and Singapore, and provided a new definition and typification for the genus, previously poorly circumscribed. It also confirmed the value ofhyphal analysis as a taxonomic method. Then, accurate identification ofthe Asian tropical species was virtually impossible because there were no keys. She resumedherservice atthe Gardens on 21 September 1965,comingback to aratheractive schedule trying to settle in,butbased atatemporary work station in the library while the office she was to occupy in the new three-floor Herbarium (completed in 1964) was still used by James Sinclair. He had been Curator since Obituary: ChangKiawLan 311 1948, retired in 1963, was re-employed until 1965, when he worked in an honorary capacity until 1967. In August/September 1966 she attended the Eleventh Pacific Science Congress in Tokyo, where she presented a paper on "Criteria for the classification of Lentinus species". There, she also attended the Marine Park Symposium and the 1st U.S.-Japanese Algal Culture Conference in Ueno Park. Her trip was sponsored by the Singapore Industrial Research Unit and financed by the American Embassy and the Asia Foundation. During 1-5 October in the same year, she collected fungi in the Cameron Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, together with ProfessorCornerandDrChewWeeLek,thefirstlocalgraduateappointedasbotanist in 1956, obtaining his PhD from Cambridge in 1965. In 1967, the Botanic Gardens was about to enter a trying period. Following her training in mycology, Kiaw Lan had already identified the need to carry out developmental studies of basidiomycete fungi because of the paucity of any informationonthetropicalspecies.Forthis,sherealizedthatfacilitiesforexperimental work at the Gardens had to be set up. On the other hand, work on orchid culture (which involved anotherbotanist,Hardial Singh,engaged in 1963) was already well established. That year, when the Singapore government's beautification programme became significant, she was also asked to be in charge ofadvisory work for the new Tree Planting Campaign. Then, on 2 May 1968, she was seconded to the Primary Production Department, engaged in mushroom cultivation research. Kiaw Lan's duties in 1968 included studying the pests and diseases of cultivated plants, investigating the commercial production ofedible mushrooms, and mycological research and routine maintenance offungal collections. She was particularly interested in the mushroom genus Termitomyces,noting,"Itis well-known thatthetermite mushroom is the most delicious in tropical countries."The name ofthe mushroom alludes to its association withthe subterraneannestofOdontotermestermites,whichdonotbuildconspicuous mounds.The fungus is cultivatedin so-calledfungus gardens inthe nestchambers of these termites, and helps in the digestion of cellulosic material brought in by the termites. Butjust over a year later, on 1 July 1969, she was returned after Dr Chew drew attention to an "acute shortage of botanists in the Botanic Gardens". In 1970, Chew assumed the duties of Director and Kiaw Lan became the Keeper of the Herbarium. So her duties continued to be defined around mycology but the contexts were different and rather wide-ranging. Ironically,herrole became more significant as taxonomic research waned in Singapore, particularly after the retirement of Burkill and departure of Chew, just before the Garden came underthe organisation ofThe Parks & Recreation Service in 1973. The new department was overwhelmingly dedicated to the development ofa superiorGarden City that has come to be Singapore's signature theme. In 1970, Geh Siew Yin was appointed botanist, but she was moved to administrative duties as Assistant Commissioner of the Garden in 1973. By 1975, Hardial Singh was also 312 Card. Bull. Singapore55(2003) & transferred to non-research duties in the expanding Parks Recreation Department. Hence,whileoneimportantaspectwasfulfilled,resulting inaverysuccessful urban and suburban horticultural management, the other, which would have been based on a traditional strength in tropical botanical research, faded. In retrospect, both areas could have flourished, as Singapore could well afford such development and was central, in terms ofservice and expertise, to a rapidly developing resource- rich region. Whereas, previously, many standard works on the botany ofthe region, such as Wayside Trees ofMalaya,Malayan WildFlowers, and numerous taxonomic revisions intheGardens' Bulletin,werecraftedbybotanists atthe Singapore Botanic Gardens, the 1970s and 1980s saw a dearth of such activity. In that period, the taxonomic outputfromtheGardens itselfdeclined sharply andthe keyregional work of the time, the four-volume Tree Flora ofMalaya, a project spanning over twenty years and involving 19 botanists, had no Botanic Garden participation in authorship. (It was to be in the late 1980s before the resuscitation process forthe taxonomic and floristic research functions in the Garden began gathering momentum, leading to renewed botanical activity so evident since the 1990s.) Inher 1948 Pupil'sReportBookattheConventSchool,Penang,whereKiaw Lan first came to study from Sumatra, she was said to have "faulty accents" and it was recommended she paid more attention to reading and pronunciation. From this uncertainstart,shemadegreatprogress inmasteringEnglishuntil,later,evenmembers ofthe English Department at the University ofMalaya admired hercommand ofthe language (Zaibun Siraj,pers. comm.). She was outgoing and found all manner of expression interesting. In A Private Landscape, a 1967 anthology of contemporary Malaysian poetry by David Ormerod, who taught in the English Department at the University ofMalaya, Kiaw Lan contributed a poem called "The woman who cried Adohi", a tongue-in-cheek poke at male perception, under the pen-name Muh Lan. Kiaw Lan spoke English, Dutch, French, Chinese (Mandarin and the Hokkien and Hakka dialects),Indonesian Malay and some German. Ifthere was a single area that was Kiaw Lan'sforte,itwouldhave been language,andthis was muchrecognized as shebecame involvedwiththeeditingofthe Gardens'Bulletin, Singapore,theBotanic Gardens' officialjournal. Ranu Dally, one of her best friends from early youth, recalls that they appreciated the Malay/Indonesian cultures by virtue oftheirbackground (Ranu from Kelantan, Kiaw Lan from Sumatra). Kiaw Lan was much fascinated by things Indonesian and was always captivated by interesting hand-made textiles, including especiallyclothswithboldpatterns (calledikat),whichshecollected,andotherobjects of art from the region. In this and in Dutch-Indonesian adaptations and habits, she found much common ground with another special friend, Singapore philantropist Ted di Ponti. She had also learntpottery underJohn Shelly in Devon inAugust 1963. close-up photography with the Nature Society in 1978, and newspaper design and layout in a course run by the School ofJournalism ofthe Times Press Foundation in Obituary: ChangKiawLan 313 December 1984. Kiaw Lan took charge of the Herbarium, a vast specimen archive of the botanicalwealthoftheMalaysian-Indonesianregion,andtheGardens' botanicallibrary for a long time, when development opportunities for these were scarce. She was a prolificcorrespondentandpromptinaddressingrequestsfromvisitorstotheGardens and Herbarium. She was kept busy with the Gardens' Bulletin, and was careful, judicious and accurate in hereditorial work and correspondence, which became one ofitshallmarks.Later,lookingback,shewasespeciallyproudofseveralworksrelating to a former supervisor she admired greatly. Together with David Mabberley, Kiaw LanhadalsoeditedtheCornerFestschrift {TropicalBotany, EssayspresentedtoEJH Cornerfor his Seventieth Birthday, Gardens' Bulletin Vol. 29), published in 1977. She helped bring out Corner's The Freshwater Swamp-forest ofSouth Johore and Singapore, which was issued as the Bulletin's Supplement No. 1 (1978). She also assisted in the preparation ofother works, such as the much applauded Proceedings of the 11th World Orchid Conference held in Singapore (published in 1985). After 1987,the Bulletin came underthe editorship ofGeh SiewYin, with whom Kiaw Lan had worked for some years priorto retirement. Geh also assumed Keepership ofthe Singapore Herbarium from 1987, amid other duties. Outside the Gardens, Kiaw Lan was treasurer or committee member of the Singapore BranchoftheMalayanNature Societyfrom 1970to 1980,includingbeing BranchChairmanfor 1976-77. She servedonthecommitteeoftheAllianceFrancaise de Singapour as member or treasurer between 1971 and 1980, and was one of its registered School Managers. In 1976, she was honoured by the French government as a Knight in the National Order forAcademic Excellence. She was also a member of the Amateur Radio Society and the University of Singapore Society. Kiaw Lan was also involved in the Nature Reserves Board as secretary for a number ofyears. After she retired at age 60, Kiaw Lan tried various editing assignments, including technical writing andediting with acompany thatprintedusermanuals for radio equipment, and editing the odd book and magazine issue outside Botany. She learnt various word-processing software programmes on computer and even word- processed some books for the Braille Production Unit ofthe Visually Handicapped Society. She took more interest in the apartment complex where she stayed, as a memberofitsmanagementcouncil,foundoccasionfortreatingfriendstohercooking, butalso wentontours from Singapore. Oldbotanical acquaintances continuedto call onher,and sheenjoyed accommodating one ortwo as they visited the Herbariumfor work. She continued to entertain her visitors at the Cricket Club, which she often used as a member. Severaljobsgaveherasenseoffamiliarity.KiawLanwas soughtforindexing the 3rdedition ofCorner's Wayside Trees ofMalaya,which was published in 1988 by the Malayan Nature Society. For such a classic work, it was unfortunate that the coverpictureonVolume 1 wascaptionedwiththewrongname (Alstoniaangustifolia 314 Gard. Bull. Singapore55(2003) insteadofAlstoniaangustiloba)duringproduction.When Kiaw Lan wroteapersonal note to explain the mistake, a very magnanimous professor wrote back to one ofhis favourite former students: "/ never supposed that the mistake. .was your doing. . . .Perhaps the photographer made the mistake. Anyhow it is a battered old tree that has lost its top and notapicture thatIwouldhave chosen. However, old trees must not be scorned. . .1 have always been proud ofthe book and Ed. 3 is your gift and more to S.E.Asia. " Later Corner sent another manuscript, Moments Botanique, a biography of botanical tales from the Malay Peninsula to the Solomon Islands and South America, for Kiaw Lan to word-process from handwritten material, as he believed she could interpret his handwriting well enough and she offered good comment and suggestion. Another job was the compilation of the master index accompanying the issue of the final (fourth) volume of the Tree Flora ofMalaya, published in 1989 by Longman. It was to be in the 1990s before positions in taxonomic botany became available again in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. It was during this period, afterthe departureofBurkillandChew,andwhentheneweffortfortheGardenCity ironically overshadowed other aspects at the Botanic Gardens, that Chang Kiaw Lan remained steadfast in her role as the Keeper of the Singapore Herbarium and a fixture in the affairs of the Gardens' Bulletin. Today, both herbarium and journal continue their development, having emerged from the very edge ofbotanical history. Kiaw Lan suffered a minor heart attack on 17 February 1987 and was diagnosed with cancer in April 2002, when also a condition of dementia became more obvious,withrecurring memory lapses. She was indeed most fortunate to have had a special friend in Christina Tan, who with her husband Christopher Lim accommodatedKiawLan intotheirlives,and laterarrangedforherconsistentcare in July 2002. Kiaw Lan was admitted to Hospice care in July 2003, and died on 14 August 2003. Kiaw Lan leaves behind a brother, Paul Gaudiamo (Indonesia), and a sister,MetadeVisser(U.S.A.),nephews,nieces,andtheirfamilies; herothersiblings have passed on. In herwill, she left herbody to medical research and also wished for a gathering ofher friends to be arranged. Many ofher family members and friends were present at the Memorial Gathering for her on 19 August 2003 at the Orchard Guild House on Grange Road, Singapore. The venue was chosen by Christina to recall Kiaw Lan's liking for meeting with friends at the original Guild House ofthe National University of Singapore Society at Evans Road, not far from the Botanic Gardens. Does not, then, the charm oflife remainfor me long and lasting, when my burdens are gone, my surroundings are quiet, my body is free andmy heart leisurely?