NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY HANDBOOK FOR CIVIL SOCIETY PLATEFORME SOCIETE CIVILE SUN SENEGAL 1 NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY HANDBOOK FOR CIVIL SOCIETY This handbook has been developed with the support of the SUN Civil Society Network. TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT ON COPYRIGHT 6 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 7 LIST OF ACRONYMS 8 THIS HANDBOOK 9 INTRODUCTION 10 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF BUDGET ADVOCACY 12 1.1 Understanding nutrition advocacy 15 1.2 Understanding nutrition budget advocacy 17 1.3 Prerequisites for conducting budget advocacy 18 1.4 Understanding the budget process 22 2. DEVELOPING A BUDGET ADVOCACY STRATEGY 24 2.1 What does an effective budget advocacy strategy look like? 27 2.2 Developing an advocacy strategy 28 2.3 Formulation 31 2.4 Delivery 35 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation 36 3. UNDERTAKING A BUDGET ANALYSIS 38 3.1 The aim of budget analysis 41 3.2 Benefits of budget analysis 42 3.3 Budget analysis methodologies 45 4. CASE STUDIES 50 4.1 Nigeria case study 53 4.2 Challenges encountered and solutions identified by countries that carried out the budget analyses 57 4.3 Producing scorecards (Chad and Sierra Leone) 61 4.4 Producing a citizens’ analysis framework for the collection and analysis of information on nutrition budget allocations and expenditure in a national budget 63 4.5 Successful budget advocacy experiences: interview with budget analysis specialists 65 CONCLUSIONS AND RESOURCES 72 BIBLIOGRAPHY 74 NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY Handbook for Civil Society 5 STATEMENT ON COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT © ACF international, Save the Children, SUN SC platform from Senegal - November 2017 Reproduction is permitted providing the source is credited, unless otherwise specified. If reproduction or use of textual and multimedia data (sound, images, software, etc.) are submitted for prior authorization, such authorization will cancel the general authorization described above and will clearly indicate any restrictions on use. NON-RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSE The present document aims to provide public access to information concerning the actions and policies of ACF. The objective is to disseminate information that is accurate and up-to-date on the day it was initiated. We will make every effort to correct any errors that are brought to our attention. This information: • is solely intended to provide general information and does not focus on the particular situation of any physical person, or person holding any specific moral opinion; • is not necessarily complete, exhaustive, exact or up-to-date; • sometimes refers to external documents or sites over which the Authors have no control and for which they decline all responsibility; • does not constitute legal advice. The present non-responsibility clause is not aimed at limiting ACF’s responsibility contrary to the requirements of applicable national legislation, or at denying responsibility in cases where the same legislation makes it impossible. AUTHORS: Aurore Gary and Judith Kaboré from Action Against Hunger, Sylvia Szabo from Save the Children and Seydou Ndiaye from the SUN Civil Society Platform in Senegal. DESIGN: Céline Beuvin PHOTO ON COVER PAGE: © Diane Moyer for Action Against Hunger © Action Contre la Faim 2017, 14/16 Boulevard de Douaumont - CS 80060 - 75854 Paris Cedex 17 - France A soft copy of the guidebook may be downloaded at: www.actioncontrelafaim.org NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY 6 Handbook for Civil Society ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This handbook was written by Aurore Gary, Judith Kaboré, Sylvia Szabo and Seydou Ndiaye. The overall work was a joint effort between Action Against Hunger, Save the Children and the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Civil Society Platform in Senegal. The content benefited from inputs and comments of many colleagues and partners who work on nutrition budget advocacy and provide support to civil society in Africa and Asia. Special thanks are due to Hermann Goumbri, Franck Lasmani Guegma, Laetitia Battisti, Laure Serra, Abdou Diouf, Patricia Fracassi, Claire Mercier, Claire Blanchard and Peggy Pascal. Action Against Hunger (Action contre Faim – ACF) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) and was founded in 1979. It is one of the “French doctors”, or second generation of humanitarian NGOs. ACF’s mission is to save lives via the prevention, detection and treatment of malnutrition, in particular during and following disasters and conflicts. ACF takes concrete action on the ground and bears witness to the lives of local communities. Its objective is to tackle the scourge of hunger on all fronts: • Through emergency response, to meet the basic needs of the most vulnerable populations, • Through post-crisis programmes that help populations recover their autonomy. Its integrated approach spans nutrition and health; food security and livelihoods; water, sanitation and hygiene; mental health and care practices; advocacy and raising awareness. Today, Action Against Hunger is one of the leading humanitarian organisations in the fight against hunger around the world. Thanks to the coordinated action of Action Against Hunger’s five headquarters, the association now has a presence in around 40 countries. Save the Children believes every child deserves a future. In Africa and around the world, Save the Children is at work every day to give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm. When crisis strikes, and children are most vulnerable, it is always among the first to respond and the last to leave. Save the Children ensures children’s unique needs are met and their voices are heard. Save the Children delivers lasting results for millions of children, including those hardest to reach. Save the Children does whatever it takes for children – every day and in times of crisis – transforming their lives and the future we share. The SUN Civil Society Platform in Senegal is a network of around 30 national and international organisations from civil society, united by a common goal: to eradicate malnutrition in all its forms and food insecurity in Senegal. Founded in 2013, it was officially declared a member of the SUN (Scaling Up Nutrition) Movement on 15 October 2015. Its mission revolves around the vision of a Senegal where nutrition is a priority, with the government, civil society, private sector and technical and financial partners working together on the basis of a multisectoral approach to eradicate malnutrition. The platform works to strengthen the commitment of stakeholders towards nutrition and food security in Senegal and promote better coordination and consistency of actions that focus on nutrition and food security. In its fight against undernutrition, the aim of the SUN Civil Society Platform in Senegal is to use budget advocacy to tackle the issue of sustainable financing for nutrition. Translation into English by Mark Leach Revision by Verity Leonard Hill, Save the Children Recommended citation: Action Against Hunger, Save the Children and SUN Senegal - 2017. Nutrition Budget Advocacy: Handbook for Civil Society - Paris: Action Against Hunger NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY Handbook for Civil Society 7 LIST OF ACRONYMS AFA AMENDING FINANCE ACT BD BUDGET DEPARTMENT BOD BUDGETARY ORIENTATION DEBATE CRF COMMON RESULTS FRAMEWORK (NUTRITION) CSO CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS DBB DRAFT BUDGET BILL DEFC DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL COOPERATION DEFR DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC FORECASTING AND RESEARCH ECHO EUROPEAN CIVIL PROTECTION AND HUMANITARIAN AID OPERATIONS FAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FCT FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (NIGERIA) FCTA FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ADMINISTRATION (NIGERIA) IFPRI THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY (NIGERIA) LOLF ORGANIC LAW RELATING TO FINANCE ACTS – OLFA (LOI ORGANIQUE RELATIVE À LA LOI DES FINANCES) MDA MINISTRIES, DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES (NIGERIA) NA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OCHA UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS PB PARTICIPATORY BUDGET SDGS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS SMART SPECIFIC, MEASURABLE, ATTAINABLE, RELEVANT AND TIMELY SPRING STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS, RESULTS, AND INNOVATIONS IN NUTRITION GLOBALLY PROJECT SUN SCALING UP NUTRITION SWOT STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TFP TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PARTNERS UNICEF UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND USAID UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WAEMU WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION WASH WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE WFP WORLD FOOD PROGRAM WHA WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY 8 Handbook for Civil Society THIS HANDBOOK WHO THIS HANDBOOK IS FOR This handbook is intended for civil society and those who are keen to enter the field of advocacy, specifically nutrition financing (parliamentarians, SUN platforms and Focal Points, members of government and civil servants). WHAT THIS HANDBOOK IS AND WHAT IT IS NOT This handbook has been authored by individuals who are actively involved in budget advocacy and is based on their experiences. It provides useful details and examples on how to carry out the nutrition budget advocacy process. It does not, however, provide a turnkey advocacy solution, where the reader remains in charge of the messages they want to convey and adapts advocacy objectives based on the context in which they operate. HOW TO USE THIS HANDBOOK AND WHAT IT CONTAINS This handbook is designed to provide an improved understanding of budget advocacy and contains four main sections. It has not been designed to be read in one go. The document should be consulted on a regular basis and returned to it at each stage of the advocacy process. The initial sections provide a sound understanding of the various key concepts as well as budget classification (nomenclature). The final two sections provide specific guidance and examples on preparing, delivering and monitoring budget advocacy.  CHAPTER 1 enables readers to gain proficiency in all of the technical concepts involved in nutrition budget advocacy: both nutrition-related concepts (differences between malnutrition and undernutrition, different types of undernutrition, nutrition security) and budgetary concepts (what a budget is, how it is prepared, passed and assessed, how expenditure is coded and how it can be used for nutrition budget advocacy). This is an essential chapter for anyone who wants to start working on nutrition budget advocacy. Those for whom budgetary and nutrition-related concepts are already familiar can move straight on to chapter 2.  CHAPTER 2 gets straight to the heart of the issue by helping the reader to understand what a budget advocacy strategy is and the basis on which such a strategy is developed. It provides an understanding of how to formulate objectives and advocacy messages as well as identify targets and partners, and all of the potential activities and tactics that can be used to implement the strategy. It provides advice on determining when and how to deliver messages. Finally, this chapter also provides several tips on how to conduct an ex post evaluation of the advocacy strategy.  CHAPTER 3 helps readers to prepare a budget analysis (the basis of all budget advocacy) by providing an outline of available methodologies (in particular the SUN methodology and alternative methodologies) and offering practical advice.  CHAPTER 4 uses case studies as examples that will help readers deliver a successful nutrition budget advocacy campaign on the basis of previous experience. Examples from Mali and Nigeria are highlighted. Looking at practical case studies from other countries is an ideal way of benefiting from their experience, especially in terms of any challenges they faced. It helps to identify potential solutions and better anticipate problems. This chapter also provides two useful tools. The first is a citizens’ analysis framework, a unique tool in this document that will enable the collection and analysis of budgetary information. The second is a visual map for use to present the results of this information gathering exercise. These are excellent advocacy tools. And finally, the handbook includes advice from four experts who are highly active in nutrition budget advocacy: Patricia Fracassi (SUN Secretariat), Mary d’Alimonte and Stéphanie Heung (R4D) and Hugh Bagnall-Oakeley (Save the Children). FURTHER INFORMATION At the end of this handbook there is a list of key documents and websites to help those interested in finding out more about budget advocacy. This handbook has been used to develop an e-learning module. NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY Handbook for Civil Society 9 o s a F a n ki ur B – F C A © bri m u o G n n a m er H INTRODUCTION Over the past ten years it has become clear that countries are increasingly interested in the fight against malnutrition. This interest can be ascribed to the worsening of certain indicators, particularly in developing countries where 12.9% of the population is undernourished. Over two billion people, or one in three people worldwide, suffer from malnutrition. The majority of these are women and children. Fifty million children suffer from acute malnutrition and 159 million children suffer from stunting (IFPRI, 2016). An increase in food production is insufficient to fight poverty and tackle the global malnutrition crisis. Besides being a public health and food problem, malnutrition is therefore a development problem with human, social and economic impacts. The adverse effects of malnutrition, particularly evident during the first two years of a child’s life and especially the first 1,000 days, can have dramatic consequences on a child’s psychomotor development. It also impairs a child’s intellectual and physical capacities in adulthood. According to World Bank estimates, a child with stunting is less likely to go to school. Their income will be 20% lower than children unaffected by undernutrition (Grantham McGregor et al. 2007). Such a child is therefore less likely to escape poverty than other children (Fink et al. 2016; Hoddinott et al. 2008; Hoddinott et al. 2011; Martorell et al. 2010). NUTRITION BUDGET ADVOCACY 10 Handbook for Civil Society