New Testament Greek An Introduction ThisbookprovidesageneralintroductiontothegrammarandsyntaxofHellenis- tic, or New Testament, Greek. With 24 chapters, it is suitable for a two-semester course.Eachlessonisstructuredaroundequippingstudentstoreadpassagesdrawn directly from the Greek New Testament. In addition to the traditional Erasmian system, students are offered the option of using a historical Greek system of pro- nunciationsimilartothatusedinearlyChristianpreachingandprayer.Thebook provides extensive reference tools, including paradigms for memorization, gram- matical appendices, and illustrations. The text is accompanied by a Web site that offers a workbook of passages for translation. Each chapter of the grammar con- cludes with a vocabulary list of Greek terms that appear in that lesson’s assigned passage for translation, found in the online workbook. Audio recordings of all vocabulary words and translation passages, using the historical Greek system of pronunciation,areprovidedonline. Features ■ Provides the instructor and students the choice of using the historical Greek pronunciationsystemorthetraditionalErasmiansystem.Audiorecordingsof allvocabularyandpassagesfortranslationaresuppliedonline. ■ Students will read continuous sections of Greek New Testament (John 1–6, Matt 9:9–13) rather than artificial classroom sentences, and the online work- bookincludesadditionaltranslationpassagesaswellassyntacticalandparsing questions. ■ Includes an exhaustive summary of all grammatical paradigms in the appendices. B.H.McLeaniscurrentlyProfessorofNewTestamentLanguageandLiteratureat KnoxCollege,UniversityofToronto.HeistheauthorofAnIntroductiontotheStudy ofGreekEpigraphyoftheHellenistic andRomanPeriodsfromAlexandertheGreat down to the Reign of Constantine (323 BCE–337 CE) (2002) and Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Konya Archaeological Museum (2002). He has taught introduc- toryNewTestamentGreekformorethantwentyyearsinfourinstitutions,usinga varietyoftextbooks,andservesastheGreekexaminerforbiblicaldoctoralcandi- datesattheTorontoSchoolofTheology. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:32 WET 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511843815 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:32 WET 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511843815 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 New Testament Greek An Introduction B. H. McLean University of Toronto Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:32 WET 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511843815 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10013-2473,USA www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521177023 (cid:2)C B.H.McLean2011 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2011 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata McLean,BradleyH.(BradleyHudson),1957– NewTestamentGreek/B.H.McLean. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-00352-1(hardback)–ISBN978-0-521-17702-3(paperback) 1.Greeklanguage–Textbooksforforeignspeakers–English. 2.Greeklanguage–Grammar. I.Bible.N.T.Greek. II.Title. PA258.M345 2011 487′.4–dc23 2011028797 ISBN978-1-107-00352-1Hardback ISBN978-0-521-17702-3Paperback Additionalresourcesforthispublicationatwww.cambridge.org/9781107003521 CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofURLsforexternalor third-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch Websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:32 WET 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511843815 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 Contents Abbreviations pagevii Introduction 1 1. AlphabetandPronunciation 7 2. WritingGreekLetters,Accents,DiacriticalMarks,andPunctuation 19 3. PresentandFutureActiveIndicative,PresentActiveIndicativeof theVerb“tobe,”andParticles 27 4. ContractVerbs,PresentandFutureActiveIndicative,andFuture IndicativeofLiquidVerbs 40 5. SecondDeclension,theDefiniteArticle,andPrepositions 46 6. FirstDeclensionandtheDefiniteArticle 61 7. Adjectives,DemonstrativePronouns,andComparison 68 8. PersonalPronouns,RelativePronouns,andReflexivePronouns 76 9. FirstAoristActiveIndicative 83 10. VerbalRoots,PrincipalParts,andSecondAoristActiveIndicative 93 11. PresentMiddleandPassiveIndicative,FutureMiddleIndicative, andFutureIndicativeoftheVerb“tobe” 99 12. ImperfectActiveIndicativeandImperfectoftheVerb“tobe” 108 13. ImperfectMiddleandPassiveIndicativeandFirstandSecondAorist MiddleIndicative 113 14. ThirdDeclensionNounsandAdjectives:Part1 118 15. ThirdDeclensionNounsandAdjectives:Part2 126 16. PerfectandPluperfectActive,Middle,andPassiveIndicative 137 17. AoristPassiveandFuturePassiveIndicative 150 v Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:44 WET 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511843815 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 vi Contents 18. PresentandAoristParticiples 156 19. AoristPassiveParticiple,PerfectParticiple,AdverbialParticiples, GenitiveAbsolute,andPeriphrasticConstructions 168 20. TheAthematicConjugation(-(cid:2)(cid:3)verbs):Part1–TheIndicative Mood 176 21. TheAthematicConjugation(-(cid:2)(cid:3)verbs):Part2–(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:2)(cid:3),(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:2)(cid:6),and Participles 184 22. SubjunctiveMoodandConditionalSentences 190 23. TheInfinitive 200 24. ImperativeMood 207 Appendix1. PrincipalPartsoftheGreekVerb 211 Appendix2. SummaryofParadigms 213 SummaryofVocabularytoBeMemorized 237 SubjectIndex 249 IndexofGreekWordsDiscussed 254 LexiconofGreekWordsinTextsforTranslation 258 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:44 WET 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511843815 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 Abbreviations √ root(ofverbornoun) ⊕ paradigmformemorization acc. accusativecase act. activevoice adj. adjective,adjectival adv. adverb anarthrous withoutanarticle aor. aoristtense art. article art.infin. articularinfinitive attrib. attributive BDAG F.Wm.Danker,W.Bauer,W.F.Arndt,F.W.Gingrich.A Greek-EnglishLexiconoftheNewTestament,3rdedition. Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,2000. BDF F.Blass,A.Debrunner,R.W.Funk.GreekGrammaroftheNew TestamentandOtherEarlyChristianLiterature.Chicago: UniversityofChicagoPress,1961. ca. about(fr.Latin“circa”) cf. compare(fr.Latin“confer”) cognate ofthesamederivationorroot cohort. cohortativesubjunctive colloq. colloquial comp. comparative cond. conditional conj. conjunction dat. dativecase decl. declension dep. deponent vii Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:56 WET 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843815.001 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 viii Abbreviations esp. especially fig. figuratively fm. femininegender fr. from freq. frequently fut. futuretense gen. genitivecase gen.absol. genitiveabsolute GNT GreekNewTestament hapaxlegomenon awordthatisonlyattestedonceinaparticularcorpus1 HGr HellenisticGreek IBM heCollectionofAncientGreekInscriptionsintheBritish Museum.4vols.Oxford1874–1916. i.e. thatis(Latin,“idest”) IEph DieInschritenvonEphesos.8vols.1979–. IJudDonateurs Donateursetfondateursdanslessynagoguesjuives.Re´pertoire desde´dicacesgrecquesrelativesa`laconstructionet a`la re´fectiondessynagogues.Ed.B.Lifshitz.Paris1967. IKonya B.H.McLean.GreekandLatinInscriptionsintheKonya ArchaeologicalMuseum,RegionalEpigraphicCataloguesof AsiaMinorIV.BritishInstituteofArchaeologyatAnkara Monograph39.BARInternationalSeries,2002. impers. impersonal,noexpressedsubject,onlyanimpersonal“it (is)/there(are)” impf. imperfecttense impv. imperativemood ind. indicativemood indecl. indeclinable indef. indefinite,referringtonospecificpersonorthing infin. infinitive instr. instrumental,thatis,ofthemeansorinstrumentusedbyan agent intrans. intransitive,thatis,verbdoesnottakeadirectobject 1 E.g.,attestedonceinGNT,orattestedonceinearlyChristianliterature,orattestedonceinallancient Greekliterature. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.176.151.19 on Sun Feb 10 17:41:56 WET 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843815.001 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 Abbreviations ix irreg. irregular lit. literally Louw/Nida J.P.LouwandE.A.Nida.Greek-EnglishLexiconoftheNew Testament:BasedonSemanticDomains,2vols.1988. LXX Septuagint,theGreektranslationoftheHebrewBible m. masculinegender MGr ModernGreek mid. middlevoice MM GeorgeMilligan,heVocabularyoftheGreekTestament: IllustratedfromPapyriandOtherNon-LiterarySources,1930. neg. negative NewDocs G.H.R.HorsleyandS.R.Llewelyn.NewDocuments IllustratingEarlyChristianity,Vols.1–9.1976–2002. nom. nominativecase nt. neutergender obj. object opt. optativemood pass. passivevoice passim veryfrequentlyattested pf. perfecttense pl. plural pleon. pleonastic,thatis,theuseofmorewordsthanarenecessaryto conveyanidea plpf. pluperfecttense prep. preposition pres. presenttense prpt. principalpart(s) ptc. participle refl. reflexive rel. relative sby somebody sc. impliedbutnotwritten(fr.Latin“scilicet”) sg. singular Smyth HerbertWeirSmyth.GreekGrammar.RevisedbyGordonM. Messing.Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1959. 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