Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 39(4), pp. 193–201, November 22, 2013 New Records of the Land-hopper, Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934) (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), from Subtropical East Asia Hiroshi Morino Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0005 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 30 August 2013; accepted 2 October 2013) Abstract Talitroides topitotum (Burt 1934), a land-hopper talitrids distributed world wide, is reported from subtropical forests in Okinawa Island, Japan, and Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam. This is the first record of this species from both two countries. Key words : Amphipoda, Lam Dong, land-hoppers, Okinawa, Japan, Talitridae, Talitroides topito- tum, Viet Nam. in Europe (for review see Vader, 1972), the Introduction world-wide distribution of this species has been Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934) is a land- believed to be mediated by human activities hopper talitrid species distributed mainly in (Friend and Lam, 1985). Recently I have got world sub-tropical regions (Friend and Lam, specimens of this species from Okinawa, Japan 1985): in East Asia, from Sri Lanka (Burt, 1934), and Lam Dong, Viet Nam, which give new distri- South India (Carl, 1934) and Hong Kong (Friend butional information in East Asia. In the present and Lam, 1985); in Oceania, from Norfork Island paper, this species is described based on the and New South Wales (Hurley 1955); in Pacific newly obtained material and short comment on oceanic islands, from Hawaii (Bousfield and the habitats and geographical distribution are Howarth, 1976) and the Marquesas (Stephensen, given. 1935); in North and Middle America, from Cali- Body length is measured from the tip of head fornia and Louisiana (Shoemaker, 1936) and to that of telson along straightened dorsal lines. Mexico (Oaxaca) (Lindeman, 1990); in Atlantic The naming of cuticular structures follows oceanic islands, from Madeira, Azores, and Watling (1989). The specimens examined are Canary Islands (Dahl, 1967; Stock, 1989; Stock deposited in the National Museum of Nature and and Abreu, 1992); and from Madagascar, includ- Science, Tsukuba (NSMT). ing La Reunion, Comoros Islands (Ruffo, 1958). Friend and Lam (1985) noted that the species Taxonomy occurs also in Brazil. The distributional range of altitude expands from sea coast up to 4300 feet Family Talitridae in the mountains (Sri Lanka), and the habitats are Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934) confined to humid environment, such as on the (Figs. 1–4) margin of water bodies, under decayed leaves or Talitrus (Talitropsis) topitotum Burt, 1934: 184, text-fig. twigs in vegetated area, or sometimes in caves of 1, pl. 12, 13; Vader, 1972: 33. oceanic islands (Hawaii and Azores). Since the Talitrus decoratus Curl, 1934: 742, figs. 1–6. species has also been found in botanical gardens Talitrus sylvaticus: Stephensen, 1935 (non Haswell 1880): 194 Hiroshi Morino 19, figs. 1–3; Shoemaker, 1936: 60, figs. 1, 2. from mid-point, dactyl base concaved on poste- Talitrus (Talitroides) pacificus Hurley, 1955: 155, fig. 3; rior margin, dactyl nail weakly falciform (Fig. Ruffo, 1958: 41. 2H). Pereopods 5–7 (Fig. 3A, C, D) progres- Talitroides pacificus: Bousfield, 1961: 7. Talitroides topitotum: Bousfield, 1982: 55; Friend and sively longer posteriorly, propodi with tiny lock- Lam, 1985: 27, figs. 1, 2. ing robust setae (Fig. 3B), bases of pereopods 5 and 6 oblong oval, that of pereopod 7 expanded. Material examined. One ovigerous female Coxal gills of gnathopod 2 and pereopod 6 large (9.2 mm) (NSMT-Cr 22379), one male (7.0 mm) and lobate, distal margins bulbous. Oostegites of (NSMT-Cr 22380), one juvenile (4.5 mm) gnathopod 2 to pereopod 5 with 4–9 simple- (NSMT-Cr 22381), one ovigerous female, 7 tipped setae on distal margins. females and 5 juveniles, (NSMT-Cr 22382); Pleonite side plates (Fig. 4A) lacking marginal upstream of Kamishinkawa, Higashi-mura (for- pits. Pleopods 1 and 2 (Fig. 4B, C), peduncle merly Agari-mura), Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, outer margin plumose-setose, with 2 retinacula; Japan. 24 Feb. 2013; Y. Kusui, A. Miyagi and J. outer ramus as long as peduncle, inner ramus Aoki collect. One female and 12 juveniles, about 65% (pleopod 1) and 50% (pleopod 2) of (NSMT-Cr 22383); Kamishinkawa district, inner ramus. Pleopod 3 (Fig. 4D) strongly Higashi-mura, others as above. reduced, peduncle about 70% of that of pleopod One ovigerous female (8.5 mm) (NSMT-Cr 1, with a small robust seta sub-apically; inner 22384), and one setigerous female (8.5 mm) ramus reduced to knob-like protrusion, outer (NSMT-Cr 22385), 6 ovigerous females, 12 ramus flap-shaped, with 3 plumose setae. Uropod females and 1 unsexed individual, (NSMT-Cr 1 (Fig. 4F), distolateral robust seta of peduncle 22386); Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lam apically sinuate, with subapical accessory blade Dong Province, Viet Nam; June 2013; Le Hung and tiny seta (Fig. 4G); outer ramus marginally Anh collect. bare. Uropod 2 (Fig. 4F), peduncle with 3 strong Description of Okinawa material: female distolateral robust setae, outer ramus marginally (9.2 mm, NSMT-Cr 22379). Eyes (Fig. 1A) bare. Uropod 3 (Fig. 4H) peduncle with 2 robust medium large. Antenna 1 (Fig. 1A) almost reach- setae, ramus small, with short and elongate setae. ing tip of peduncle of antenna 2, flagellum 7 arti- Telson (Fig. 4J) apically notched, with 4 lateral cles and tiny apical one (Fig. 1B, C). Antenna 2 and 1 apical robust seta per lobe. (Fig. 1D, E) peduncle slender, flagellum 21 arti- Description of Okinawa material: Male cles including small apical one. Mandible left (7.0 mm, NSMT-Cr 22380). Same the female as lacinia mobilis 4-dentate (Fig. 1F), right lacinia given above except the sexual characters (pres- multi-dentate (Fig. 1G). Maxilliped (Fig. 1H) ence of genital papillae, lacking of oostegites), outer plate broad, apically rounded, palp article 2 size-depending characters (antenna 1 flagellum not lobate medially, with setae cluster on shelf at with 7 articles, antenna 2 flagellum with 19 arti- medial mid-point, article 3 slender, article 4 coni- cles, telson with 3 lateral and 1 apical robust seta cal, partly fused to article 3 (Fig. 1I). Other per lobe). mouth parts as those of common talitrid species. Remarks. Two females from Viet Nam (ovig- Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 2A, B), propodus distinctly erous, 8.5 mm, NSMT-Cr 22384 and setigerous, shorter (ca 60%) than carpus, distally smoothly 8.5 mm, NSMT-Cr 22385) show no significant narrowing, simple. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 2C), basis differences from the above descriptions, except slender, ischium elongate, propodus mitten- they display 3 robust setae on the peduncle of shaped. Pereopods bi-cuspidactylate. Pereopods uropod 3 (Fig. 4I). Dactyl nail of pereopod 4 3 and 4 (Fig. 2D, E, F, G), propodus lacking smoothly tapering. Pleopod 3 shows slightly locking robust setae. Pereopod 4 shorter than more reduced outer ramus (Fig. 4D) than that of pereopod 3, basis anterior margin broadened Okinawa material. When consider wide variation New Records of Talitroides topitotum 195 Fig. 1. Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934), ovigerous female, 9.2 mm (NSMT-Cr 22379), Higashi-mura, Okinawa, Japan. — A, Head part; B, antenna 1; C, terminal article of flagellum of antenna 1; D, antenna 2; E, terminal article of flagellum of antenna 2; F, left mandible; G, incisor and lacinia mobilis of right mandible; H, maxilli- ped; I, distal articles of maxilliped palp. Scale: A, 1.14 mm; B and D, 0.95 mm; C and E, 94 μm; F–H, 0.24 mm; I, 61 μm. 196 Hiroshi Morino Fig. 2. Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934), ovigerous female, 9.2 mm (NSMT-Cr 22379), Higashi-mura, Okinawa, Japan. — A, gnathopod 1; B, propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 1; C, gnathopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, dacty- lus of pereopod 3; F, pereopod 4; G, dactylus of pereopod 4; H, nail of dactylus of pereopod 4. Scale: A and C, 0.71 mm; B, 0.28 mm; D and F, 0.85 mm; E and G, 0.33 mm; H, 85 μm. New Records of Talitroides topitotum 197 Fig. 3. Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934), ovigerous female, 9.2 mm (NSMT-Cr 22379), Higashi-mura, Okinawa, Japan. — A, pereopod 5 and oostegite; B, locking robust seta on propodus of pereopod 5; C, pereopod 6 and coxal gill; D, pereopod 7. Scale: A, C and D, 0.85 mm; B, 85 μm. of this character (see reference in synonym list), Talitroides topitotum is peculiar within the it would possibly be an individual variation Talitridae in having the combination of the fol- rather than geographical one. No male is found lowing characters: elongate antenna 1, simple in the Viet Nam material. gnathopod 1 (both sexes), mitten-shaped gnatho- 198 Hiroshi Morino Fig. 4. Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934). — A, pleonites; B; pleopod 1; C, pleopod 2 (plumose setae on rami omitted); D and E, pleopod 3; F, urosomites; G, distolateral robust seta of uropod 1 peduncle; H and I, uropod 3; J, telson. E and I: ovigerous female, 8.5 mm (NSMT-Cr 22384), Nui Ba, Lam Dong province, Viet Nam; others: ovigerous female 9.2 mm (NSMT-Cr 22379), Higashi-mura, Okinawa, Japan. Scale: A, 1.14 mm; B–E, 0.33 mm; F, 0.95 mm; G–J, 0.28 mm. pod 2 (both sexes), lobate and bulbous distal (1936), those of Marquesas Islands by Ste- margin on coxal gills of pereopods 2 and 6, dis- phensen (1935) and of Hong Kong by Friend and tolateral robust seta of uropod 1 peduncle api- Lam (1985). Those authors have not mentioned cally sinuated and equipped with blade and seta, the weakly-falciform dactyl nail of pereopod 4 as among others. The present material shows no described above in Okinawa material, and significant difference from those of the United reduced locking robust setae on propodus of States described and illustrated by Shoemaker pereopods. It is worth noting that the congeneric New Records of Talitroides topitotum 199 Fig. 5. Upper picture: Giang Ly stream, Bidoup-Nui Ba Park, Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam; lower picture: fish ponds, Bidoup-Nui Ba Park, Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam (photos by Dr Hung Anh). 200 Hiroshi Morino species T. alluaudi displays strongly developed agencies in the dispersion and distribution, espe- falciform nail of pereopods 3–5 and reduced cially in the subtropical islands regions. locking robust setae on the propodi (Ortal and Morino, 1993). Acknowledgments Habitat and distribution. The samples of soil animals from Okinawa forwarded to me in the I thank Dr. J. Aoki for giving me chance to present study were composed of five lots, three study the material from Okinawa. My deep grati- of them are from Kamishinkawa district, one tude is also due to Dr . Le Hung Anh (Institute of from upstream of Kamisinkawa, and one from Ecology and Biological Resources, Viet Nam) Takae district, all in Higashi-mura. Among them for affording me samples from Viet Nam and three lots contained Talitroides topitotum. The the habitat information. Dr. J. K. Lowry in the common environmental features of these three Australian Museum reviewed an earlier draft lots are that the talitrid species has been secured critically, to whom I express my hearty thanks. from semi- or primary natural forests, and not from secondary forests of subtropical evergreen References broad-leaved trees, and topographically situated Bousfield, E. L. 1961. New records of beach hoppers near valley bottoms, not along ridges nor slopes (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the coast of California. of mountains. It is apparent that these locations National Museum of Canada, Bulletin 172: 1–12. keep relatively high humidity. Bousfield, E. L. 1982. The amphipod superfamily Tali- The survey of land amphipods thus far con- troidea in the northeastern Pacific region. 1. Family ducted in Rhykyu Archipelagoes revealed several Talitridae: systematics and distributional ecology. National Museum of Canada, Publications in Biologi- species (Morino, 1999), but no Talitroides spe- cal Oceanography, 11: vii+72 pp. cies until this study. Thus it is highly probable Bousfield, E. L. and F. G. Howarth 1976. The cavernico- that this species has restricted distributional lous fauna of Hawaiian lava tubes 8. Terrestrial Amphi- range in Okinawa Island. poda (Talitridae), including a new genus and species In Viet Nam, the present material was collected with notes on its biology. Pacific Insects, 17: 144–154. Burt, D. R. R. 1934. On the amphipod genus Talitrus, from Giang Ly stream (Fig. 5 upper picture: with a description of a new species from Ceylon, 12°10.343′N, 108°41.826′E) and artificial ponds Talitrus (Talitropsis) topitotum, sub-gen. et sp. nov. for fish-culture (Fig. 5 lower picture: 12°11.121′N, Ceylon Journal of Sciences (B), 18: 181–191, pls. 12, 108°41.114′E), in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, 13. with altitude of 4742 feet. According to the col- Carl, J. 1934. Un Amphipode terrestre des Nilgiris lector, Dr Anh, T. topitotum usually lives on the Talitrus decorates n. sp. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 41: 741–748. marginal wet soil, under soil, sand and stones of Dahl, E. 1967. Land amphipods from the Azores and the stream, and edges of the ponds, and some- Madeira. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 21: times is found swimming in water. Since they are 8–23. found from the localities with human activities, it Friend, J. A. and P. K. Lam 1985. Occurrence of the ter- is possible that the populations have been intro- restrial amphipod Talitroides topitotum (Burt) on Hong Kong Island. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 10: 27–33. duced anthropogenically. At the same time, the Haswell, W. A. 1880. On Australian Amphipoda. Proceed- spot-like distribution at high altitude (4,300 feet ings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 4: at Sri Lanka, and 4,742 feet from Viet Nam) 245–279, pls. 7–12. might also be caused by animal agencies, e.g., Hurley, D. E. 1955. Studies on the New Zealand amphip- migrating birds. Population phylogenetic studies odan fauna No. 8. Terrestrial amphipods of the genus Talitrus Latr. Pacific Science, 9: 144–157. on representative populations of this species, in Lindeman, D. 1990. 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