— PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 112(4):695-713. 1999. New records of isopods from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (Crustacea: Peracarida) Brian Kensley and Marilyn Schotte Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. — Abstract. Fifteen species of isopod are recorded for the first time as oc- curring in the Indian River Lagoon. Two species are described as new: the janirid asellote lais floridana, n. sp., which occurs commensally with Sphae- roma terebrans in low salinity water, and the sphaeromatid flabelliferan Sphae- romopsis sanctaluciae, n. sp., which is also recorded from the Orange River, A Lee County, Florida, and from Islas de Juventud, Cuba. brief discussion of protogyny in the sphaeromatid Paradella dianae is included. The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, is the are those of the authors'. Unless otherwise most biologically diverse estuarine system stated, all material is deposited in the col- on the east coast of North America. As part lections of the National Museum of Natural of the Intra-coastal Waterway, it is subject History, Smithsonian Institution. to heavy usage by commercial and sport/ recreational water traffic, and has seen Suborder Anthuridea heavy residential development along its Family Anthuridae shores. Given its important mixed-use re- Cyathura polita (Stimpson, 1855) sources, intensive study of the lagoon has — been carried out for some time (see Rich- Anthura polita Stimpson, 1855:393. Har- ards 1995). Ongoing investigations by the ger, 1880:398-402, pi. XI, figs. 68-69. Cyathura polita: Burbanck, 1959:507. authors of the crustacean fauna of the la- Kruczynski & Subrahmanyam, 1978: goon have revealed a number of isopod species not recorded in earlier studies (e.g., 93.—Camp et al., 1998:132. & — tKehnosulgehy,somNeelsoofn,these mSacyhotbteekn1o99w5n),fraolm- cieMaRitveerri,alroetxteanmiwnoeod.d in1ma$n,gFrToPv-e1s,,S0t..5Lmu,- t&he wider Florida region (see Camp, Lyons, salinity 15-20 ppt., 29 May 1995.—1 9, Perkins 1998). In part, these new records FTP-22, Fort Pierce, Taylor's Creek near are the result of sampling in a wide variety Rt. 1, rotten wood on muddy bank with cat- of habitats, both in the main lagoon as well tails and Spartina, intertidal, 10 ppt., 25 as in its tributary rivers and in the inlets that Apr 1996. — open to the sea. Twenty-five marine isopod Previous records. East coast of Amer- species had previously been recorded from ica from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. the IRL. The present paper documents 15 additional species and adds to the knowl- Mesanthura pulchra Barnard, 1925 edge of the biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon. Restricted synonymies, which in- Mesanthura pulchra Barnard, 1925:145, clude the original description plus any Flor- fig. 9e.—Kensley & Schotte, 1989:49, ida records, and references that contain ful- fig. 19b; 52-53.—Camp et al., 1998:132. & ler synonymies are provided for most spe- Mesanthura decorata Menzies Glynn, cies. Collecting stations designated 'FTP' 1968:26, fig. 8a-i. — 696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON & Mesanthura floridensis Menzies Kruc- zynski, 1983:28-30, fig. 9a-i. — Material examined. 1 9,1 S, FTP-4, Fort Pierce Inlet, south of South Jetty, mixed algal turf on sand bag barrier on — beach, intertidal, 30 May 1995. 1 oviger- ous $ FTP-89, Sebastian Inlet State Park, , 100 ft inside south jetty, encrusting orange sponge with red branching alga on jetty rocks, 0.5 m, 19 Sep 1996.—1 9, 1 juv., FTP-51, Sebastian Inlet State Park, south side, algal clumps on granite boulders on shore inside bridge, 0.5 m, 25 Jun 1997. — Previous records. Belize; Puerto Rico; Florida; intertidal to 36 m. Ptilanthura tenuis Harger, 1878 Fig. 1 Ptilanthura tenuis Harger, 1878:377. — Kensley, 1996a:763, figs. 1, 2. Kensley, 1996b:278, fig. 5B-D.—Camp et al., 1998:132. — Material examined. 5 $, Indian River Lagoon, south of Sebastian Inlet, 27°49.64'N, 80°27.04'W, 1.6 m, salinity 30.15 ppt., 1995, coll. R. Heard. — Previous records. Florida, Alabama, to Maine; intertidal to 253 m. — Remarks. The material from the region of Sebastian Inlet had a distinctive and per- sistant color pattern, which is recorded here. Suborder Asellota Family Janiridae C Carpias algicola (Miller, 1941) Janira algicola Miller, 1941:318-320, fig. 4a-n. — Bagatus algicola. Pires, 1982:247-250, Fig. 1. Ptilanthura tenuis: Female in dorsal view, fig. 47-55. — & showing persistent color pattern. Scale = 1 mm. Carpias algicola. Kensley Schotte, 1989:82-83, fig. 38a-g.—Camp et al., 0-0.8 m, 19 Sep 1996.—2 cJ, 1 ovigerous 1998:133. — 9, 11 immature, FTP-40, Sebastian Inlet Material examined. 1 (5, 4 9, FTP-38, State Park, clumps of Caulerpa racemosa Sebastian Inlet State Park, gravel and peb- and branching red alga on granite boulders bles in pockets around boulders, infratidal. inside inlet, 0.5-1.0 m, 19 Sep 1996.—2 S, VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4 697 — 4 5,2 immature, FTP-42, Sebastian Inlet Additional material. 10 specimens, sta State Park, off south jetty about 50 yds. FTP-2, on Sphaeroma terebrans in rotten west ofbridge, on Caulerpa 0.25 m, 19 Sep wood, Port St. Lucie, Florida, 29 May — — 1996. 18 specimens, FTP-51, Sebastian 1995. 100+ specimens, sta FTP-12, on Inlet State Park, south side, granite boulder Sphaeroma terebrans in rotten wood. Riv- shore inside bridge, algal clumps on boul- erside Park at Port St. Lucie Boulevard, in- — ders, 0.5 m, 25 Jun 1997.—3 6, 7 oviger- tertidal-1 m, 10 ppt., 1 Jun 1995. 1 spec- ous ?, 60+ immature, FTP-53, same lo- imen, sta FTP-13, on Sphaeroma terebrans cality, algal clumps and sponge on boulders in dead wood, north fork of St. Lucie River, outsid—e of bridge, 0.5-1.0 m, 26 Jun at Prima V—era Boulevard, 2.5 ppt, 0.1 m, 1 1997. 3 specimens, FTP-65, Sebastian In- Jun 1995. 2 specimens, sta FTP-17, on let State Park, orange sponge on rocks in- Sphaeroma terebrans in rotten wood. Riv- side of inlet—, low tide level, 0-50 cm, 18 erside Park on St. Luci—e River, ppt, 0.1- Aug. 1998. 1 ovigerous $, 5 immature, 0.5 m, 23 Apr 1996. 3 specimens, sta FTP-68, Sebastian Inlet State Park, gravel FTP-27, on Sphaeroma terebrans in rotten rubble, empty shells in pockets between wood, near mouth of St. Sebastian River, — rocks—inside inlet, 0-20 cm, 18 Aug 15 ppt, 0.5 m, 17 Sep 1996. 2 specimens, 1998. 12 ovigerous 9, 8+ immature, sta FTP-29, on Sphaeroma terebrans in rot- FTP-69, Sebastian Inlet State Park, algal ten wood, island in mouth of St. Sebastian turf and hydroids on granite boulders inside River, 15 ppt., 0.5 m, 17 Sep 1996.—14 inlet, 0-50 cm, 18 A—ug. 98. specimens, Estero River mouth, Lee Coun- Previous records. Venezuela; Jamaica; ty, Florida, 26°26'05"N, 8r50'52'W, coll. — Yucatan, Mexico; Belize; Looe Key, Flori- A. S. Walton. 1 specimen, Hendry Creek, da; intertidal to 2 m. off Estero Bay, Lee County, Florida, coll. A. S. Walton, 14 Apr 1993. — Carpias triton (Pires, 1982) Description. Male: Body about 2.5 Bagatus triton Pires, 1982:251-254, figs. times longer than greatest width at pereo- 72-84. nite 4. Cephalon about twice wider than — Carpias triton. Kensley & Schotte, 1989: long, anterolateral comers rounded. Antero- 83, 87, fig. 39e-f. lateral comers of pereonites, especially of — 3-5, rounded, setose, coxae visible on all Material examined. 20+ specimens, pereonites in dorsal view. Pleon consisting FTP-5, Ft. Pierce Inlet, large barnacle of short anterior pleonite lacking free lateral clumps with orange sponge and algal turf margins, plus subcircular pleotelson. Eye on boulders inside inlet, shallow infratidal, consisting of 2 ommatidia. Antennular fla- 30 May 1995. — gellum of 3 articles, terminal and subter- Previous records. Belize, intertidal. minal articles each bearing single aesthe- tasc. Antennal flagellum of 13 articles. laisftoridana, new species Mandibular palp of 3 articles, article 2 with Figs. 2, 3 2 stout setae, article 3 with distal row of 7 — Material examined. Holotype, USNM setae; incisor of about 6 sclerotized cusps; 243843, 1 S tl 1.35 mm, Paratypes, USNM spine row of 4 or 5 setae; lacinia of 2 cusps; 243844, 10 S tl 1.26-1.40 mm, 12 ovig- molar distally truncate with 2 distomesial erous 9 tl 1.71-1.82 mm, 10 non-ovigerous setae. Maxilla 1, inner ramus with 4 distal $, 50+ juveniles, sta FTP-22, on Sphae- setae, outer ramus with about 10 pectinate roma terebrans in rotten wood, Taylor distal setae. Maxilla 2, 2 outer lobes each Creek near Rt. 1, intertidal, 10 ppt., 25 Apr with 4 distal fringed setae. Maxilliped; en- 1996. dite broad, distolaterally convex, with about 698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 7 fringed setae and 8 simple setae; palp ar- rial of both /. califomica and /. singapo- ticles setose on mesial margins. rensis reveals several differences that rein- Pereopod 1, dactylus bearing 2 claws; pe- force the view that the Florida material rep- reopods 2-3, 5-7, dactyli each with 3 resents an undescribed species. The two claws. Pereopod 4 considerably shorter than distal articles of the antennule differ in pro- 3 or 5, dactylus with 2 claws, propodus portions, the penultimate articles especially with single stout distal claw. Pleopod 1, being more slender and elongate on the two rami fused for about 4/5 of total length, dis- previously described species. The antennal tal lobes rounded, bearing 9 setae distally flagellum has fewer articles in the Florida per side. Pleopod 2, protopod semicircular, material (13) than in /. califomica (20) and canula not reaching beyond distal angle of /. singaporensis (24). The distal propodal protopod. Uropodal rami both longer than spine of pereopod 4 in the male of /. cali- protopod, exopod about 1/3 longer than en- fornica is noticeably more elongate than in dopod, each with 4 elongate distal simple the Florida and Asian material. lais califor- mm setae. nica is a larger species {S 2.49 mean Female: Brood pouch containing up to 8 length, « = 15; ovigerous 9 2.55 mm mean eggs. Pleonal operculum ovate, midlength length, « = 11) than either the Florida spe- about 2/3 greatest width, with 4 or 5 fine cies {S 1.34 mm mean length, n = 10; marginal setae. ovigerous 2 1.76 mm mean length, n = 10) — Remarks. Of the eight described spe- or /. singaporensis (6 1.3-1.7 mm, ovig- & cies of lais (see Wilson Wagele 1994), erous 9 1.4—1.7 nun). The stylet ofpleopod at least three occur commensally with 2 of the male is more slender and elongate sphaeromatid isopods, as does the present in the Florida species than in /. singaporen- species, which is found in association with sis. — Sphaeroma terebrans. Several species (e.g., Etymology. ^The specific name derives /. aquilei Coineau, 1977; /. elongata Si- from Florida, from whence the species is & vertsen Holthuis, 1980; see Kensley recorded. 1994) also perform mate-guarding as is seen in the present material, with the male Family Joeropsidae & clasping a manca female with the shortened Joeropsis coralicola Schultz speciaUzed pereopod 4. McCloskey, 1967 Given that some species of Sphaeroma, & Joeropsis coralicola Schultz McCloskey, especially those that bore into mangroves, 1967:103-107, figs. 1-39.—Kensley & have wide distributions, and have been im- Schotte, 1989:88, fig. 40g.—Camp et al., plicated in introductions along with their 1998:133. commensals (Rotramel 1972, 1975), it is — necessary to compare the present material Material examined. 11 specimens, sta closely with /. califomica (found on Sphae- FTP-5, Fort Pierce Inlet, on large barnacle roma quoyanum), in case the present spe- clumps with orange sponge and algal turf cies was somehow introduced to the east on boulders inside inlet, shallow infratidal, coast of the United States, where Sphaero- 30 May 1995. — ma terebrans is the available host. How- Previous records. North Carolina to ever, laisfloridana more closely resembles Florida Middle Grounds, Gulf of Mexico, & 25-33 m. /. singaporensis Menzies Barnard, 1951 & (see Muller Brusca 1992) especially in & Joeropsis tobagoensis Kensley Schotte, the general habitus and in possessing 1994 rounded anterolateral lobes on the pereoni- & tes, than /. californica (Richardson, 1904). Joeropsis tobagoensis Kensley Schotte, Comparison with recently collected mate- 1994:482, 486, fig. la-o. VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4 699 Fig. 2. laisfloridana, new species: A, habitus, dorsal view, scale = 0.5 mm; B. antenna; C, antennule; D, maxilliped; E, maxilla 1; F, left mandible; G, right mandible (palp omitted); H, maxilla 2. 700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 3. lais floridana, new species: A, pereopod 1 propodus and dactylus; B, pereopod 2, propodus and dactylus; C, pereopod 3; D, male pereopod 4; E, uropod; F, male pleopod 1; G, male pleopod 2; H, female operculum. — VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4 701 — Material examined. 18 specimens, sta conut Point, sweep through Syringodium on FTP-5, Fort Pierce Inlet, on large barnacle Inlet side, 0.5-1 m, 26 Jun 1997.—1 juv., clumps with orange sponge and algal turf sta FTP-60, Wabasso Causeway Park, sub- on boulders inside inlet, shallow infratidal, merged rotten wood, 20-40 cm, 26 Jun 30 May 1995. 1997. — — Previous records. Tobago, intertidal to Previous records. Panama; Belize; 5 m. Cozumel, Mexico; Antilles to Florida Keys; & Gulf of Mexico; N. S. Carolina; intertidal Suborder Flabellifera to 55 m. Family Cirolanidae Anopsilana jonesi Kensley, 1987 Family Corallanidae Excorallana sexticomis (Richardson, Anopsilana jonesi Kensley, 1987:565-568, 1901) fig. 5a-j, 6a-h.—Camp et al., 1998:135. — Corallana sexticomis Richardson, 1901: Material examined. 1 9, sta FTP-12, 518, fig 9. North Fork St. Lucie River at Riverside Excorallana sexticomis: Delaney, 1989: Park on Port St. Lucie Blvd., rotten wood 38.—Kensley & Schotte, 1989:165, figs. around dock, intertidal to 1 m, salinity 10 75e-f, 76d-f.—Camp et al., 1998:135. ppt., 1 Jun 1995.—1 d, 1 juv., sta FTP-27, — Indian River Lagoon near mouth of Sebas- Material examined. 1 9, sta FTP-14, tian River, rotten submerged wood on small Ft. Pierce Inlet, barnacles, sponges, algal island, in low turf of Enteromorpha and turf o—n blocks in inlet, intertidal, 23 Apr Ceramium, 0.5 m, sahnity 15 ppt., 17 Sep 1996. 1 ovigerous ?, sta FTP-15, Ft. 1996.—1 (?, 1 9, sta FTP-29, Sebastian Pierce State Recreational Area, rotten wood River, first island inside mouth, on rotten piles with encrusting algae, intertidal, 23 wood at shore, salinity 15 ppt., 17 Sep Apr 1996.-1 $, 3 juvs., sta FTP-17, North 1996. Fork St. Lucie River, Riverside Park, rotten — submerged wood on mud with numerous Previous records. Belize; Florida; in estuarine mangroves. barnacles and shells, 10-50 cm, 23 Apr 1996.-2 $ sta FTP-33, Jim Island near Ft. , Cirolana parva Hansen, 1890 Pierce Inlet, dead submerged wood at edge of mangrove island, with algal mat, 0.-0.5 Cirolana parva Hansen, 1890:340-341, pi. m, 18 Sep 1996.-1 9, sta FTP-38, Sebas- II, fig. 6-6b, pi. m, fig. 1-ld.—Bruce & tian Inlet State Park, gravel inlet, south side, Bowman, 1982:325-333, figs. 1, 2.— east of bridge, algal clumps, sponge on & Kensley Schotte, 1989:135, fig. 59d- boulders, strong wave and wash action, e, 60.—Camp et al., 1998:135. 0.5-1.0 m, 26 Jun 1997.-1 $, sta FTP-61, — North Hutchinson Island, near causeway, Material examined. 2 9, sta FTP-38, Sebastian Inlet State Park, gravel and peb- rocks with algal turf, 0.1 m, 27 Jun 1997. bles in pockets around granite boulders, in- 1 (?, 1 9,1 juv., sta FTP-71, Ft. Pierce fratidal, 19 Sep 1996.-1 ?, 1 juv., sta Inlet, north bank, algal turf on boulders, FTP-51, Sebastian Inlet State Park, south low tide level, 19 Au—g 1998. Previous records. Belize; Puerto Rico; side of inlet, algal clumps on granite boul- ders, 0.5 m, 25 Jun 1997.—1 juv., sta FTP- Cuba; Florida; shallow infratidal. 52, Sebastian Inlet State Park, south side, Family Sphaeromatidae shallow embayment at campsite in State Cassidinidea ovalis (Say, 1818) Park, 1/2 mile from mouth in lagoon, 0.5 m, 25 Jun 1997.-1 juv., sta FTP-57, Se- Naesa ovalis Say, 1818:484-485.—Rich- bastian Inlet State Park, lagoon near Co- ardson, 1900:224, 1901:537. — — 702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON — Cassidena lunifrons: Richardson, 1900: Previous records. Panama; Belize; 222. Trinidad; Dominica; Cuba; Gulf of Mexico; Cassidina lunifrons: Richardson, 1901:533, Florida to New Jersey; intertidal-1 m. fig. 14. Cassidisca lunifrons: Richardson, 1905: Paradella dianae (Menzies, 1962) 273, figs. 283-284.—Schultz, 1969:115, Figs. 4, 5 fig. 158. Dynamenopsis dianae Menzies, 1962:341, Cassidinidea lunifrons: Hansen, 1905: — & fig. 3. 130. Menzies Frankenberg, 1966:44, & Paradella dianae: Harrison Holdich, fig. 20.—Kussakin, 1979:336, figs. 199- 1982:103, fig. 6.—Kensley & Schotte, 200.—Bruce, 1994:1151. 1989:224, fig. 98a-c. Cassidinidea ovalis: Schultz, 1969:115, fig. — 159.—Kensley & Schotte, 1989:208, fig. Material examined. 3 S, FTP-14, Ft. 92b-e.—Bruce, 1994:1151, fig. 45.— Pierce Inlet, barnacles, sponges, algal turf Camp et al., 1998:136. on bl—ocks in inlet, intertidal, 23 Apr Dies arndti Ortiz & Lalana, 1980:161-164, 1996. 6 S, 14 ovigerous ?, 30+ imma- figs. 1-8. ture, FTP-15, Ft. Pierce Recreational Area, Dies bamardi Carvacho, 1977:14-17, figs. rotten wood piles with encrusting algae, in- — 4a-f, 5a-i. tertidal, 23 Apr 1996. 6 S, 4 ovigerous — $, 25+ immature, FTP-17, Riverside Park Material examined. 1 9, FTP-1, North on North Fork St. Lucie River, rotten sub- Fork St. Lucie River, rotten wood in man- merged wood on mud with barnacle shells, groves—, 0.5 m, salinity 1-20 ppt., 29 May saUnity ppt., 10-50 cm, 23 Apr 1996. 1995. 3 specimens, FTP-12, North Fork 1 S, 2 ovigerous ?, 15+ immature, FTP- St. Lucie River at Riverside Park, Port St. 19, Jack Island near Ft. Pierce Inlet, Cau- Lucie Boulevard, rotten wood around dock, lerpa and empty shells near oyster bank, 0.5 — intertidal, salinity 10 ppt., 1 Jun 1995. m, 24 Apr 1996. 100+ specimens, FTP- specimen, FTP-13, North Fork St. Lucie 38, Sebastian Inlet State Park, gravel and River at marina on Prima Vera Boulevard, pebbles in pockets around granite boulders dead submerged wood in shore grass at riv- lining inlet, infratidal, 0-32", 19 Sep — er's ed—ge, 0.1 m, salinity 2.5 ppt., 1 Jun 1996. 92 specimens, FTP-39, same local- 1995. 4 specimens, FTP-17, Riverside ity, on encrusting orange sponge with red Park on North Fork St. Lucie River, rotten branching algae on jetty rocks ca. 100 ft submerged wood on mud with numerous from end of south jetty, 0.5 m, 19 Sep barnacles and shell—s, 10-50 cm, saHnity 1996.-2 6, 1 immature, FTP-42, same lo- ppt., 23 Apr 1996. 30+ specimens, FTP- cality, 50 m west of bridge off south jetty, 23, mouth of North Fork St. Lucie River at in Caulerpa, depth 6", 19 Sep 1996.-38 U.S. Rt. 1 and Fern Rd., oysters shells and specimens, FTP-44, same locality, 50 ft in- rocks on muddy ba—nk, intertidal, salinity land from bridge, mixed algae on sandy/ ppt., 25 Apr 1996. 1 ovigerous ?, FTP- shelly bottom with rocks and boulders, 0.5 29, Sebastian River, first island west of m, 19 Sep 1996.—1 cJ, 7 $, 2 juvs., FTP- mouth, rotten submerged woo—d at shore, sa- 45, same locality, red filamentous alga on linity 15 ppt., 17 Sep 1996. 1 specimen, rocks and south jetty wall, 30 cm, 19 Sep — FTP-30, same locality as above, —in organic 1996. 1 (?, 4 ovigerous 9, 3 immature, detritus, intertidal, 17 Sep 1996. 1 speci- FTP-46, Sebastian Inlet State Park, north men, FTP-31, Sebastian River, island op- side, gravel and pebbles among granite posite MacDonald State Campground, sub- boulders ca. 100 m inside inlet, 10-50 cm, U merged leaf litter, Typha and Crinum in 20 Sep 1996.-12 6, ovigerous ?, 73 shallow water, salinity ppt., 17 Sep 1996. ?, 40 juvs., FTP-48, Sebastian Inlet State VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4 703 Park, south side, rubble and stones in 3" possess penes, suggesting that a protogyn- pools at top of shore, with blue-green alga, ous sex change occurs in P. dianae. In Fig. 25 Jun 1997.—1 6,5 9, 1 juv., FTP-50, 4C, a scanning electron micrograph, the same locality, granite boulder shore inside ovigerous female shows both the opening of bridge, stones and rubble with low algal of the marsupium between the fourth pe- turf, at bottom of shore with strong wave reopod bases, and penes that are character- — and wash action, 25 Jun 1997. 6 subadult istic of a subadult male. The penes of the (5, 3 ovigerous ?, 4 9,6 juvs., FTP-51, adult male are long, very slender in the dis- same locality, algal clumps on boulders in- tal half, tapering to acute apices and ex- side of bridge, 0.5 m, 25 Jun 1997.—2 ?, tending beyond the endopod of pleopod 1 FTP-53, same locality, outside ofbridge, al- by nearly 50%. The ovigerous hermaphro- gal clumps and sponge on boulders in dites show no retention of either appendix strong wave and wash action, 26 Jun masculina or adult penes, which suggests 1997.-1 c^, 1 subaduh c^, FTP-54, same that protandry is not the condition here. locality, boulders outside bridge, chunks of This would seem to be the first record of — reef worm rock, 26 Jun 1997. 7 ovigerous protogyny in the sphaeromatid subfamily $, 14 juvs., FTP-56, Sebastian Inlet State Dynameninae. Among the Isopoda, protan- Park, lagoon near Coconut Point, Entero- drous sex change is well known in the fam- morpha/Ulva mats exposed at low tide on ilies Anthuridae (Wagele 1979), Cymothoi- boulders at top of shore, surface, 26 Jun dae (Brusca 1981), several families of the 1997.-1 (?, 4 ovigerous $, FTP-63, large suborder Epicaridea (Kozloff 1987), and in boat canal at Smithsonian Marine Station, at least one oniscidean (Brook et al. 1994). in floating Sargassum, at surface, 25 Jun Members of the Sphaeromatidae known to 1997.-1 c^, 4 ovigerous 9, FTP-66, Se- exhibit protogyny are members of other bastian Inlet State Park, chunks of reef subfamilies: Gnorimosphaeroma oregon- worm tubes on rocks at low tide level, in- ense (Dana, 1853), G. luteum Menzies, side inlet, 0-50 cm, 18 Aug 1998.^ sub- 1954 (both Sphaeromatinae), and Paralep- & adults, 1 ovigerous $ , FTP-68, same local- tosphaeroma glynni Buss Iverson, 1981 ity, gravel rubble and empty shells in pock- (Cassidininae). Bruce (1994:1132) further ets between rocks, inside inlet, 0-20 cm, 18 mentions observing hermaphroditism in Aug 1998.—3 ovig 9, FTP-69, same lo- Paracassidina munna, having "developed cality, algal turf with hydroids on granite male characters in pleopod 2" as well . . . boulders inside inlet, 0-50 cm, 18 Aug as oostegites in the same specimen. Pleopod 1998.—3 ovigerous ?, FTP-70, Ft. Pierce 2 in the ovigerous females of P. dianae did Inlet, north bank, reef worm tubes on boul- not display any male characters. The pro- ders in inlet, low tide, surface, 19 Aug portion of ovigerous females with penes in — 1998. 2 ovigerous $, FTP-71, same lo- G. oregonense (31% of females collected in cality, algal turf at low tide level on boul- the field) is comparable to that of P. dianae ders, surface, 19 Aug —1998. recorded here. Brook et al. (1994) provide Previous records. Baja California, a discussion of the adaptive value of pro- Mexico; Queensland, Australia; Western togyny as compared to protandry, the com- Australia; Marshall Islands; Hong Kong; moner reproductive strategy in Crustacea. Puerto Rico; Florida; intertidal. — Remarks. While Paradella dianae has & Paradella quadripunctata (Menzies previously been recorded from the IRL, an Glynn, 1968) aspect of its biology has come to light that Fig. 6 demands mention. & Fifty-one ovigerous females out of 182 Dynamenella quadripunctata Menzies examined (about 28%) were observed to Glynn, 1968:60-61, fig. 28a-n. 704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON "''': ^ "^v ^i- .« , € 0-^^^^^k -M JC^^^xdf' ^^'{Vmm,f;->Al-.:;:y!>m>Mit>i:-^iA-'S Jv, ), J: ip?!,"/'vS*» m^^t^^ jfiiB^^ |HP'X,\ ^P'SP^^' ^ II^Eh^^^^^^^^^^^H^I kL^'^i^i^sk.x.i?.pjii^.^s£RHH'''' •^'~.\ ;•J ^;- T^ ^'f^ffl 'SfC'^" Jd ;Ti I Fig. 4. Paradella dianae: A, ventral cephalon; B, ovigerous female, ventral view, £irrow indicating opening of brood pouch between fourth pereopods; C, ovigerous female with brood pouch opening and penes; D, ovig- erous female, close-up of ventral pleotelson and penes. & Paradella quadripunctata: Harrison mature, FTP-51, same locality, algal clumps — & Holdich, 1982:101.—Kensley Schotte, on boulders, 0.5 m, 25 Jun 1997. 25+ im- 1989:224-225, fig. 98f-g.—Camp et al., mature, same locality, FTP-53, south side, 1998:136. outside bridge, algal clumps and sponge on — boulders in strong wave and wash action, Material examined. 1 ovigerous 9, FTP-38, Sebastian Inlet State Park, gravel 0.5-1.0 m, 26 Jun 1997.—1 subadult S, and pebbles in pockets around granite boul- 80+ immature, FTP-54, same locality, ders lining inlet, infratidal, 0-32", 19 Sep south side, boulders in inlet, outside of — 1996. 1 immature, FTP-50, Sebastian In- bridge—, in chunks ofreef worm rock, 26 Jun let State Park, south side, granite boulder 1997. 5 immature, FTP-59, Sebastian In- shore inside of bridge, in stones and rubble let State Park, lagoon near Coconut Point, with algal turf at bottom of shore with 26 Jun 1997.-25+ immature, FTP-62, — strong wave action, 25 Jun 1997. 24 im- North Hutchinson Island, Recreation Park,