Editorial Contributions Wasse et al. Architectural Complexity at Wisad Pools Kodas Contexte Architectural des Crânes Surmodelés Fujii Rescue Excavations at Jabal Juhayra Lelek Tvetmarken and Bartl Excavations at the Early Neolithic Site of Mushash 163 Conference Report Book Review Upcoming Conference New Theses Alarashi, The Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic Personal Adornments from Syria: Techniques and Uses, Exchanges and Identities Khawam, L’Homme et la Mort au Néolithique Précéramique B: l’Example de Tell Aswad Call for a Peer Supported Database New Publications Masthead NEO-LITHICS 1/15 The Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research Contents Editorial 2 Contributions Yorke Rowan, Alexander Wasse, Gary Rollefson, Morag Kersel, Matthew Jones, and Brita Lorentzen Late Neolithic Architectural Complexity at Wisad Pools, Black Desert 3 Ergul Kodas Contexte Architectural des Crânes Surmodelés : Diversité Contextuelle et Funéraire 11 Sumio Fujii Rescue Excavations at Jabal Juhayra, a Stratified Neolithic Settlement in the al-Jafr Basin 24 Cecilie Lelek Tvetmarken and Karin Bartl with contributions from Dörte Rokitta-Krumnow Excavations at the Early Neolithic site of Mushash 163: Preliminary Report on the 2014 and 2015 Seasons 34 Conference Report From the Caucasus to the Arabian Peninsula, Paris, October 2015, by Tobias Richter 42 Book Review Review of Peder Mortensen, Excavations at Tepe Guran: The Neolithic Period. With contributions by Kent V. Flannery and Pernille Bangsgaard, by Hans Georg K. Gebel 43 Upcoming Gathering New Theses Alarashi, Hala: The Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic personal Adornments from Syria: Techniques and Uses, Exchanges and Identities Khawam, Rima: L’Homme et la Mort au Néolithique Précéramique B: l’Example de Tell Aswad 46 Call for a Peer-Supported Data Base by Barbora Kubikova 49 New Publications 50 Masthead 52 Editorial While the Near and Middle Eastern bloodshed is spilling, the complexity of hatred and confrontation is increasing, and traumatized humans seek shelter under unacceptable conditions, we continue business with helplessness and sadness, as if our Neolithic subjects are important and field research has a future. Is there anything else we could do? This editorial announces that one of the founding co-editors of Neo- Lithics, Gary Rollefson, is leaving the active editorial board of Neo-Lithics to facilitate a gradual rejuvenation of Neo-Lithics. We elderly of the Neolithic family should care in time to give way for the younger generation, expecting that they will do things in different and better ways. While Gary remains with us as the founding co-editor, we happily welcome Marion Benz, Freiburg, to succeed Gary. We thank Marion for her readiness and engagement which already started with this issue. Gary Rollefson, founding co-editor of Neo- We also continue the rejuvenation Lithics, with Blair Heidkamp at Wisad Pools of the advisory board by welcoming in 2014. Tobias Richter, Copenhagen Univer- sity, replacing Peder Mortensen upon Peder’s proposal. We warmly thank Peder for his moral and sympathetic support for Neo-Lithics for more than 20 years. It is planned that the members of the future advisory board will be involved more actively, e.g. by reviews and guest editorships. Hans Georg K. Gebel sincerely expresses his deep and heartfelt gratitude to Gary Rollefson for the amicable, respectful and straightforward cooperation since 1993 when we founded Neo-Lithics for the Neolithic research family, following the first PPN Chipped Lithics Conference. Without Gary, Neo- Lithics would not have established and gained momentum: It is a wonderful example that parenting a successful project needs more than a colleagues’ cooperation; it is the result of a long friendship for which I even thank more (Gary and I met first in 1981 in Amman). I found it appropriate to attach two photos to this editorial: one of Gary, and one of Marion Benz our new co- editor, whom we warmly welcome. Marion Benz, the new co-editor of Neo- Hans Georg K. Gebel & Gary O. Rollefson Lithics in 2015. 2 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Rowan et al., Wisad Pools Late Neolithic Architectural Complexity at Wisad Pools, Black Desert Yorke M. Rowan, Alexander M.R. Wasse, Gary O. Rollefson, Morag M. Kersel, Matthew D. Jones, and Brita Lorentzen Introduction neath the tomb, particularly small biconical carnelian beads. Within the burial layer other small finds provide In June of 2013 our small field crew began the exca- the possibility of assigning the tomb to a particular pe- vation of structure W-80 at Wisad Pools in the Black riod, although at the moment this assignment remains Desert of eastern Jordan (Fig. 1). W-80 consisted of tentative. a circular tomb built atop a collapsed Late Neolithic A copper finger ring (dimensions 19 mm diameter, dwelling (Rollefson et al. 2013), but the volume of height 6-9 mm, thickness 1 mm), a silver (?) earring1 sediments and the weight of basalt blocks made it im- (19 x 16 x 3 mm, interior diameter 10 mm), a bronze ar- possible to clear more than about the southern half of rowhead2 (60 x 15 x 5 mm), and a small sculpted Dabba the complex during the four-week season. The crew marble bead (5 mm long, 5 mm thick) identical to one returned for another four week season (June 5-July 4) from 2013 were recovered (Figs. 3-4). The bronze ar- in 2014 to continue the excavation. rowhead and silver earring have close LB IIA parallels at ‘Ara (Yahalom-Mack 2014: 213 and Fig. 10.4; 222 and Fig. 10.11:12). Two of the beads from Wisad ap- The Tomb pear to be glass/frit (Fig. 4:a, b), similar to examples from ‘Ara (Paz 2014: Fig. 11.1: 15), and the sculpted In 2014 the crew completed the excavation of the beads from Wisad (Fig. 4:c and Rollefson et al. 2013: tomb (Fig. 2), which measured approximately 5.0 m Fig. 21) resemble the “melon beads” from LBIIA ‘Ara in diameter, with a wall of four courses that remained (Paz 2014: Figs. 11.1:22-25), albeit in Dabba marble to a height of approximately 80 cm (Rollefson et al. and not faience. In view of the probable burrowing 2013: Fig 3). More human bones were recovered, but activity in the tomb, it is possible that the copper bead the state of preservation of the skeleton was poor due to found in 2013 (Rollefson et al. 2013: Fig. 22) belongs burrowing animals; furthermore, the bioturbation also in this tomb group even though it was found in a locus appears to have disturbed the stratigraphic integrity of beneath the tomb. the tomb in the sense that some artifacts appear to have migrated into sediment layers of the house mound be- The Underlying Architecture As was the case at Wisad structure W-66 (Rollefson et al. 2012) and structure SS-11 at M-4 (Maitland’s Mesa) in the Wadi al-Qattafi (Wasse et al. 2012), struc- ture W-80 beneath the tomb was a corbeled building whose roof had collapsed, clearly evidenced by vertical or nearly vertical corbel slabs inside the wall (Fig. 5). And as was the case at W-66, the post-collapse shell of Fig. 2 Aerial view from 2013 to NE of the tomb atop W-80. Fig. 1 Map of Jordan showing the location of Wisad Pools. (Photo: A.C. Hill) 3 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Field Report Fig. 3 Objects recovered from inside the tomb atop W-80 in 2014. a: bronze arrowhead; Fig. 4 Beads ascribable to the W-80 tomb. b: copper finger ring; c: silver earring. (Photo: G. Rollefson) a: Glass/frit bead; b: glass/frit bead; c: Dabba marble “melon” bead. (Photo: G. Rollefson) W-80 continued in use as a windbreak with numerous was identified a couple of meters to the north of Locus renovations for a variety of tasks, including butchering, 031, oriented with the opening towards the northwest grinding stone activity, lithic production, and bead (323°). The northeast arm of the U-shape measured manufacture. But when the 2014 excavation season 125 cm long, as did the southwest arm; the back was a closed, W-80 was clearly a building entailing consider- 162 cm part of the arc of Wall 032. A central standing ably more architectural complexity than either W-66 or stone near the back of the construction measured 80 SS-11. cm in height, although it had been toppled towards the Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the architectural south-west (Fig. 7). elements of W-80 at the end of the 2014 excavation season. The interior dimensions of the large room are 6.5 m NW-SE (from “GA” to “M”) and 5.5 m SW-NE The Southwestern Doorway (D2) (from “D2” to “D1”). D1 is the northeastern doorway, approximately 60 cm wide, that leads into the main Excavations inside the doorway and in the “vestibule” room (M). CP is the central pillar, and it is probable that (Rollefson et al. 2013: Fig. 6) in 2014 revealed that additional pillars may have originally supported the D2 is a later feature after the original construction of roofing slabs; the interior of the room appears to have W-80, and therefore so is the Porch (P) and probably undergone considerable reorganization over the use- the vestibule itself. This, in turn, suggests the northern life of the building. GA refers to the area where many wall of the alcove/southern wall of the vestibule is also large grinding stones were found, and A is an alcove relatively late. All of these later changes to W-80 might in the southwestern area of the main room. D2 is then be contemporaneous with the use of the windbreak dur- south-western doorway leading into P, a semicircular ing the principal use of the Grinding Area (GA). “fenced porch” where one large grinding stone was located, and beyond is the fenced Western Forecourt (WF). A 1 x 1 m probe (pr) sampled sediments beneath The Alcove the original occupation floor. The preliminary report on the 2013 season (Rollefson et al. 2013) summarized the The alcove may have had some association with the western forecourt, porch, southwestern doorway, and summer solstice. In Fig. 8a, taken on 26 June 2014, the alcove, but some new details became noticeable five days after the summer solstice, there is a clear after the close of that season. parallel (slightly off-angle towards the west) between the shadow of the photographer and the axis of the northeastern doorway (D1 in Fig. 6) and the center The Western Forecourt (WF) of the curvilinear alcove A; the error in the alignment would have been reduced had the photo in Fig. 8a have A small standing stone “shrine” (Locus 031) was been taken five days earlier. Fig. 8b is a detail of the mapped on the exterior of the Western Forecourt wall alcove, showing that a former opening in the rear wall 032 in 2013 (Rollefson et al. 2013: 12 and Fig. 8). In of the alcove at one time had a frame that later was 2014 another U-shaped alignment of stones (Locus 079) blocked with stones. 4 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Rowan et al., Wisad Pools Fig. 5 Excavation along eastern edge of W-80 showing Wall 019 (right) and collapsed, nearly vertical corbel slabs (left). (Photo: Y. Rowan) Fig. 6 Overhead view of W-80 at the end of the 2014 season; see text for abbreviations. North is at upper right. (Photo: Y. Rowan) The Grinding Area (GA) dimensions of 89 x 76 x 11 cm (140 kg) and the small- The grinding area dominates the northern half of the est 38 x 29 x 13 cm (54 kg). It is perhaps important that building. Altogether 67 milling stones came from the four hearths were found in the northern half of W-80 in area, including 46 handstones and 21 grinding slabs. 2014 in close proximity to the grinding stones (Fig. 9), These numbers contrast with the total of only 13 grind- ing slabs, 30 handstones, and four pestles recovered in 2013, including those from outside the main room (Rollefson et al. 2013: 18). Of the 2014 grinding slabs, four included central mortars ranging between 7-11 cm in diameter (Fig. 9). The largest of the slab/mortars had Fig. 8 a: View towards the southwest on 26 June 2014; note that the photographer’s shadow parallels the axis of the northeastern Fig. 7 View towards the southeast of the U-shaped feature doorway (D1) and the alcove (A). b: Detail of the alcove A. Note that (“shrine”) with a collapsed standing stone at the northwestern edge an opening above the basal stone has been framed and filled in. of Western Forecourt wall 032. (Photo: G. Rollefson) (Photos G. Rollefson) 5 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Field Report Fig. 10 The rectangular bin along the western wall of W-80. (Photo: Y. Rowan) measures 170 cm N-S and 69 cm E-W, outlined by stones of basalt, including one long block on edge and another on end (Fig. 10). Elsewhere in the Grinding Area two caches of gazelle and caprine astragali were found just inside and to the west of the northeastern doorway D1 and next to the eastern face of the central pillar CP (Fig. 11). A clear example of the renovations that structure W-80 underwent is shown in the north wall of the Fig. 9 Hearths 058, 055, and 061 among grinding slab/mortars; building (Fig. 12). At some time an opening measuring door D1 is at upper right. (Photo: Y. Rowan) 2.3 m had been created in wall 070 that extended east- ward to wall 019, which was an original part of W-80. whereas only one diffuse area of burning was found in Sometime later the opening was closed with blocking the southern half in 2013. stones 071, creating at the same time doorway D1. The A feature that might be related to the use of the timing of the blockage may have coincided with the Grinding Area is a rectangular “bin” (Locus 068) construction of the alcove, the southwestern doorway along the western wall 070, approximately 60 cm west D2, and the vestibule. A platform of rocks (Locus 062) of the grinding slab/mortar complex in Fig. 9. The bin accumulated to the north of the blocking. Fig. 11 a: Cache of gazelle/caprine astragali 064 inside doorway D1. b: cache of gazelle/caprine astragali adjacent to east edge of central pillar CP. (Photos: Y. Rowan) 6 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Rowan et al., Wisad Pools not vary in any great degree, maintaining a possible picture of parsimonious herders relying on the hunting of wild animals and perhaps caprine dairy products (Rollefson 2014). Alternatively, Wisad may have been the temporary home of hunter-gatherers who had ac- quired a small holding of domestic sheep and goats. Among the abundant faunal remains, three bone awls were identified, but more bone tools will undoubtedly come to light as faunal analysis continues. Chipped Stone Tools Fig. 12 Renovations in the north wall of W-80. An opening was made in wall 070, then blocked sometime later using basalt slabs A total of 1437 chipped stone tools came from the placed on edge (071), creating doorway 069 at the same time. Platform 062 was built to the north of 070. The original eastern wall W-80 excavations in 2014. Among the other tools, 46 019 of W-80 is just off the photo to the right. (Photo: G. Rollefson) bead drills and 108 borers have been identified, as well as eight cortical knives and 20 tabular scrapers. Table 1 lists the arrowheads recovered in the 2014 The Probe (pr) season as well as from 2013. The distributions for both seasons are similar: more than 85% are transverse ar- A 1 x 1 m probe was excavated adjacent to the eastern rowheads, and in view of the small size as well as the wall 019 down to bedrock (Fig. 13a). It was clear that ease and rapidity of their manufacture, it is likely that the structure was not built on bedrock, but on a cultur- the ratio of transverse arrowheads to other types might ally sterile, gritty and porous reddish-brown sandy silt reflect the ratio of smaller mammals and birds to larger 37 cm thick that could represent an Early/Middle Ho- mammals in the faunal remains. locene topsoil protected from deflation by the presence of W-80. A similar sediment was found beneath the walls of structure W-66 (Fig. 13b), excavated in 2011 (Rollefson et al. 2012), and sediment cores drilled in a qa (mudflat) into which the small Wadi Wisad flows a kilometer to the southeast of W-80 show a layer of similar sediment. Botanical Analysis If the basal sediment layer under the walls of W-80 was able to absorb and retain winter rainfall better than the silts in the region today, this might explain why some of the charcoal recovered from the hearths in W-80 has been identified as Tamarix sp. and deciduous Quercus sp., components of a forest-steppe vegetation (cf. Willcox 1999). Samples have been sent to determine if pollen and phytoliths are present in the reddish-brown sediment, and OSL samples have been taken from the soils under W-80 and W-66 as well as the qa south of Wisad Pools. Faunal Remains Animal bones were once again numerous and well-pre- served. Based on a sample of more than 250 NISP bones from three loci in the 2013 season, gazelle dominate at around 50%, hare about 25%, with caprines around 10% of the mammals. Fox is present, while large and Fig. 13 a: The southern face of the probe to bedrock. The darker small felids occur rarely, as does domestic dog. Bird sediment just below “019” (the eastern wall of W-80) is reddish- brown and a possible topsoil protected by the construction of W-80. bones are numerous, but none have been identified yet. b: A similar porous reddish-brown sediment was also found beneath Based on a cursory examination of the material from the walls of Late Neolithic structure W-66, excavated in 2011. 2014, there is reason to conclude the ratios of taxa will (Photos: G. Rollefson) 7 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Field Report Season 2014 2013 Total Item n Type n % n % n % Copper finger ring* 1 Stemmed transverse 107 35.7 98 30.6 205 33.1 Silver earring* 1 Triangular transverse 65 21.7 95 29.7 160 25.8 Bronze arrowhead* 2 Trapeze transverse 82 27.3 59 18.4 141 22.7 Biconical carnelian beads* 11 Indet. transverse 13 4.3 12 3.8 25 4.0 Carnelian disc bead* 1 Haparsa 13 4.3 15 4.7 28 4.5 Dabba marble ‘melon’ bead* 1 Nizzanim 1 0.3 11 3.4 12 1.9 Glass/frit beads* 2 Herzliya 5 1.7 8 2.5 13 2.1 Dabba marble disc beads 6 Amuq 5 1.7 0 0.0 5 0.8 Dabba marble pendants 3 Byblos 3 1.0 2 0.6 5 0.8 Mother-of-pearl pendant 1 Other 2 0.7 0 0.0 2 0.3 Shell beads 4 Indeterminate 4 1.3 20 6.2 24 3.9 Ostrich eggshell beads 2 Total 300 100 320 99.9 620 99.9 Other beads 14 ‘Mace head’ fragments 6 Table 1 Arrowhead types from the interior of structure W-80. Stone ‘bracelet’ fragments 11 Sandstone palette fragments 3 Sandstone disk 1 The total of 620 arrowheads is astonishing, al- Grooved stone 1 though it should be recalled that since the recurrent Potsherds 9 occupation of W-80 spanned a time period of around a Red ochre pieces 2 thousand years (cf. Rollefson et al. 2014: 291), the rate Worked stone 7 is low on an absolute scale. Of course, the use of W-80 Gizzard stones 6 may have been a series of only a few intensive palimp- sests, so the actual rate of deposition may have been Table 2 List of small finds from the 2014 excavation of W-80, periodically high. The amount of lithic debris inside Wisad Pools, 2014. An asterisk indicates material associated with W-80 is very high (905 cores were recovered in 2013 the burial. and 2014, and microflakes were densely represented), indicating that stone tool manufacture was a major ac- tivity inside the structure, including the production of 13 found in 2013, although it’s not certain if some of arrowheads. But the presence of so many arrowheads the fragments go together. in the building might also have been partly due to their The same is true for the “mace head” fragments: six presence in the carcasses that were butchered inside the from 2014 and three from 2013; the highly polished, building. gleaming white marble pieces have contours suggest- One factor concerning arrowheads that has been ing an original shape of a perforated oblate sphere or puzzling until now is the source of arrow shafts for the piriform object. Mace heads are well-documented from hunters. The find of tamarisk and oak among the char- the Late Neolithic (Rosenberg 2010), even as far back coal samples points to a moister landscape, fostered as the Late PPNB and PPNC (Rollefson and Kafafi by a more absorbent topsoil on the one hand and the 1996; Rollefson, Kafafi and Simmons 1990; Rollefson, possibility that Late Prehistoric rainfall may at times Simmons and Kafafi 1990). have been much higher than at present (Rollefson n.d.). The burned “grooved stone” appears to be a piece If that were the case, Phragmites reeds may have been of chalky limestone roughly formed by direct percus- available in refugia in the eastern desert, even in the sion to a subrectangular shape (see left-side of image Wadi Wisad itself. In this regard it is notable that two in Fig. 14) measuring 80 mm in length and 63 mm in more shaft straighteners were recovered from the inte- width. One surface was smoothed, then incised with rior of W-80 in addition to the two excavated in 2013 a minimum of eight parallel grooves. Similar objects (Rollefson et al. 2013: 17 and Fig. 17). Small Finds The small finds from the 2014 season are presented in Table 2. Items that were probably associated with the tomb are marked with an asterisk, and many small finds from the 2013 season probably also belong to this assemblage, including several biconical carnelian beads, a tiny carnelian tubular bead, a copper bead, two cowrie shell beads, and a sculpted “melon” bead made of Dabba marble (Rollefson et al. 2013: Figs. 21 and Fig. 14 Burned grooved stone of uncertain function. (Photo: 22). The 11 stone “bracelet” fragments complement the G. Rollefson) 8 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Rowan et al., Wisad Pools are known from Neolithic Cyprus and elsewhere in the Yorke Rowan Levant (Eirikh-Rose 2004; Tyrrell Steward and Rupp University of Chicago, 2004), including ‘Ain Ghazal, and it is possible they [email protected] were used for sharpening bone needles and awls. Alexander Wasse University of East Anglia, Closing Comments [email protected] Less than 10 years ago, the perception of the eastern Gary O. Rollefson badia of Jordan was one where the forbidding land- Whitman College, Walla Walla scape restrained the Late Prehistoric exploitation of the [email protected] area in view of current climatic and edaphic conditions. Intensified interdisciplinary field research over the past Morag M. Kersel six years is beginning to reveal a different apprecia- DePaul University College, Chicago tion of the opportunities available for hunter-herder [email protected] groups during the early to mid-Holocene periods. The presence of arboreal charcoal paints a very different Matthew D. Jones Late Pre-historic landscape, and sediments preserved University of Nottingham under the Late Neolithic buildings at Wisad Pools hold Matthew.Jones@nottingham promise for detailing what the conditions were like in the 7th millennium and later. Excavations at other struc- Brita Lorentzen tures at Wisad Pools might well disclose the time when Cornell University that reddish porous topsoil had disappeared, providing [email protected] clear insights into the process of desertification and its consequences on human presence in the eastern badia. Acknowledgements: The Eastern Badia Archaeological References Project received substantial financial support from the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago as well Eirikh-Rose A. as continued commitment from the Louis B. Perry 2004 Geometric Patterns on Pebbles: Early Identity Scholarship fund at Whitman College and the Jennifer Symbols? In: E. Peltenburg and A. Wasse (eds.), C. Groot fellowship from the American Schools of Neolithic Revolution. New Perspectives on Southwest Oriental Research; additional funding was contributed Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Cyprus: 145- by the co-directors of the project. Our thanks are ex- 162. Levant Supplementary Series 1. Oxford: Oxbow. tended to the Department of Antiquities of Jordan and to our departmental representative Wesam as-Said for Paz S. their considerable help, as well as to ACOR director 2014 Chapter 11. The Beads. In: Y. Gadot, D. Ilan, Y. Tepper, Dr. Barbara Porter for logistical assistance and research and E. Yannai (eds.), The Bronze Age Cemetery at ‘Ara: facilities. Student volunteers Madeline Duppenthaler, Salvage Excavation Reports No. 8: 227-235. Tel Aviv: Emma McCullough-Stearns, Blair Heidkamp, Tariq Tel Aviv University Publications in Archaeology. Judeh, and Rose Smith worked devotedly under harsh desert conditions, for which we are grateful. The Badia Rollefson G. Police are also thanked for their assistance in obtaining 2014 The Fat of the Land: Neolithic Origins of „Wealth“ water for the project. in the Southern Levant. In: I.M. Swinnen and E. Gubel (eds.), From Gilead to Edom. Studies in the Archaeology and History of Jordan in Honor of Denyse Endnotes Homès-Fredericq on the Occasion of her Eightieth Birthday. Akkadica Supplementum 3: 1-8. Wetteren: 1 The small finds from the W-80 tomb are currently being treated Cultura. at the American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) by Naif Zaban under the auspices of the ACOR Conservation Cooperative. n.d. Greener Pastures: 7th and 6th Millennia Pastoral We express our gratitude to Mr. Zaban and to ACOR Director Dr. Potentials in Jordan’s Eastern Badia. In: K. Bartl, K. Barbara Porter. Schmidt, M. Reindel, and F. Lüth (eds.), The Development of Early Settlement in Arid Regions. 2 A second bronze arrowhead of the same type was found in the Berlin: D.A.I (in press). roadway leading to our camp at Wisad Pools, having suffered from truck traffic for some unknown amount of time. Rollefson G. and Kafafi Z. 1996 The 1995 Season at ‘Ayn Ghazal: Preliminary Report. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 40: 11-28. 9 Neo-Lithics 1/15 Field Report Rollefson G., Kafafi Z., and Simmons A. Tyrrell Steward S. and Rupp D. 1990 The Neolithic Village of ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan: 2004 Tools and Toys or traces of Trade: the problem of Preliminary Report on the 1998 Season. Bulletin of the the enigmatic Incised Objects from Cyprus and American Schools of Oriental Research Supplement 27: the Levant. In: E. Peltenburg and A. Wasse 95-116. (eds.), Neolithic Revolution. New Perspectives on Southwest Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Rollefson G., Rowan Y., Perry M., and Abu-Azizeh W. Cyprus. Levant Supplementary Series 1: 163-174. 2012 The 2011 Season at Wisad Pools, Black Desert: Oxford: Oxbow. Preliminary Report. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 56: 29-44. Wasse A., Rowan Y., and Rollefson G. 2012 A 7th Millennium BC Late Neolithic Village at Rollefson G., Rowan Y., and Wasse A. Mesa 4 in Wadi al-Qattafi, Eastern Jordan. Neo-Lithics 2013 Neolithic Settlement at Wisad Pools, Black Desert. 1/12: 15-25. Neo-Lithics 1/13: 11-23. Willcox G. Rollefson G., Simmons A., and Kafafi Z. 1999 Charcoal Analysis and Holocene Vegetation History in 1990 The Neolithic Village of ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan: Southern Syria. Quaternary Science Reviews 18: 711-716. Preliminary Report on the 1989 Season. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 51: 107-126. Yahalom-Mack N. 2014 Chapter 10. The Metal Objects. In: Y. Gadot, D. Ilan, Y. Rosenberg D. Tepper, and E. Yannai (eds.), The Bronze Age Cemetery 2010 Early Maceheads in the Southern Levant: A at ‘Ara. Salvage Excavation Reports No. 8: 213-226. Tel ‘‘Chalcolithic’’ Hallmark in Neolithic Context. Journal Aviv: Tel Aviv University Publications in Archaeology. of Field Archaeology 35(2): 204-216. 10 Neo-Lithics 1/15