CCCCCOOOOO NNNNN TTTTT EEEEE NNNNN TTTTTSSSSS RAMANA ASHTOTTARAM 2 EDITORIAL: Advaita 3 KEYWORD: Mano-Nasa 7 GROWING UP IN THE GRACE OF BHAGAVAN: Monica Bose 9 ADVAITA TODAY: I. S. Madugula 17 ‘I’ IS A DOOR PART ONE: Philip Renard 23 ULLADU NARPADU VERSE ONE: S. Ram Mohan 35 BHAGAVAN’S HERBAL REMEDIES 40 AT RAMANASRAMAM: S. GOVIND 41 SRI ARUNACHALA PANCHARATNAM COMMENTARY: Sadhu Om 53 ADVAITA PRIMER: T. S. Viswanatha Sharma 57 FROM THE NOTEBOOKS: Robert Powell 61 BOOK EXCERPT TURN EASTWARDS: Pascaline Mallet 63 SORUPA SARAM: Sorupananda 75 BOOK REVIEWS 104 ASHRAM DATES 107 ASHRAM BULLETIN 108 AFTERWORD 112 THE MOUNTAIN PATH EEEEE DDDDD IIIII TTTTTOOOOO RRRRR IIIII AAAAA LLLLL Ramana Ashtottaram 12. Üm SahÅyÅmbÅ sahÅyavatÉ namaha. Prostration to one who enjoyed the help of Mother divine, the helper of all. Advaita Sahayamba or Sahayavalli is the name of the Goddess of Tiruchuzhi. Once when he was a child, Bhagavan’s father scolded him. Bhagavan left his house and ran off to the temple opposite and hid behind the Mother’s image. In a moment he felt not only protected but also a thrill of profound joy which continued throughout his life. 13. Üm ‚oœÅchala mahál≠na mÅnasÅya namaha. THE term Advaita has been used by people with various agendas Prostration to one whose mind was absorbed in the effulgence for their own purposes and it is in danger of losing its original of Arunachala. meaning altogether. For a sincere enquirer to understand what From childhood Bhagavan was fixated by the name, the light, Advaita means, a refined (sattvic) mind is required. For this to occur, the glory of Arunachala. When he heard from an uncle that unless the circumstances are extraordinary, a seeker needs to develop he had visited Tiruvannamalai and seen Arunachala, Bhagavan over time, by assiduous practice, the necessary subtlety of thought was entranced by the word Arunachala, and the fact it did and right understanding. The pursuit of understanding is not solely actually exist physically. Bhagavan himself mentions this in a mental exercise, it demands all one’s energy and dedication so that the very first verse of his Arunachala Padigam. each aspect of one’s life is in harmony with the right intention. Though 14. Üm SvarœahastakÅya namaha. we may pretend to understand, true knowledge is not semantics nor a philosophy. In the interests of explanation we could, in theory, call Prostration to the one with a golden hand. it a metaphysical doctrine because it opens up such unlimited The very touch of young Ramana’s hand used to bring good possibilities of conception, but even this is not really it. Advaita is fortune to others. Hence he was referred to as thangak kai — not an explanation, it is an experience. It cannot be restricted within “golden hand” by his relatives and neighbours. The same touch any blueprint no matter how comprehensive. It is a fluent immediacy conferred invaluable awareness and bliss on anybody with of understanding for which words are inadequate. whom it came into contact. We can do no better than quote extensively from Dialogues With The Guru complied by R. Krishnaswami Aiyar in conversation with His Holiness Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati Swaminah, Shankaracharya 2 Jayanti 2004 3 THE MOUNTAIN PATH ADVAITA of Sringeri Mutt from 1912 to 1954. His Holiness was recognized Advaita is a darshana which means ‘view’ or a ‘point of view’. The as an authority on the purest Vedantic orthodox doctrine. word comes from the root drish which means ‘seeing’. It should not Mr. R.: …I shall be very grateful if your Holiness will be be construed as meaning a system. From the Vedic rishis to our pleased to initiate me into the Advaita Vedanta yourself. modern day rishi Bhagavan Ramana, there is a long lineage of seers H.H.: I shall certainly be very glad to do so, if I can do it. who directly saw the Supreme Truth. They did not think with the But it is quite beyond my competence. normal rational mind but they saw the Truth in all its power, rawness Mr. R.: I am sure Your holiness is not serious. If Your and beauty. Advaita is a report developed over the centuries to convey Holiness professes incompetence to teach Advaita, I do not something of this ‘phenomena’. It is reputed to be the best see how anybody else in the world can claim to teach it. approximation that can describe the Supreme Reality. H.H.: What can we do? It is the nature of the subject. The It leads us through a mixture of cosmology, logic and metaphysics Upanishad itself proclaims, ‘He who claims to know, knows to an understanding of man’s relationship with the universe and not’. The Advaita is not something to be learnt; therefore it relationship to himself. We could say Advaita is not a target to be cannot be a thing to be taught. It is essentially something to described but the arrow which directs us to see for ourselves the be realized by oneself. I cannot therefore undertake to teach object of our search. Advaita tells us Truth is not a static object but a you. If, however, in the course of your Vedantic studies, you reality which only can be lived. There is in response a commitment want any passage to be explained either in a text or in a demanded on a sincere seeker for whom no half-measures are commentary, I shall certainly try my best to explain it. I can appropriate. We should live it with all our heart. thus help you only to understand the significance of words or To pursue this investigation into the nature of one’s own reality of sentences which are composed of words, or of ideas which there are certain requisite qualifications if the seeker is to be successful. are conveyed by sentences. But it is impossible to convey to This endeavour is not solely an intellectual pursuit but demands a you a correct idea of what Advaita is, for it is neither a matter dedicated life in every sense of the word. Firstly, we should develop of words nor is it a mental concept. It is, on the other hand, discrimination between that which is unchanging from that which is pure experience which transcends all these. Suppose I do not ephemeral. “Lead me from darkness to light, lead me from the unreal know what sweetness is. Can you describe sweetness in words to the real, lead me from untruth to Truth” (Brih. Up.1.iii.28). Second, sufficiently expressive to convey an idea of sweetness to me? the discipline calls on us to renounce the fruits and enjoyment of this Mr. R.: That is certainly impossible. world we inhabit. When we become disillusioned due to our failure to H.H.: Sweetness can be known only when I put some sweet be truly happy even if we have everything we could possibly desire, thing on my tongue. It is impossible to be explained in words renunciation is the appropriate response. We ask why we suffer and or to be learnt from another person. It has to be realized in this initiates a profound questioning of all our values which till now direct experience. If a thing so familiar to us as sweetness we took for granted. The dispassion generated from the sufferingcreates transcends all expression, how much more transcendental will a detachment that helps us rise above the myriad waves of thoughts be the truth of Advaita, which is the supreme sweetness.1 and emotions which in general, distract and relentlessly drive our lives. The third requirement is moral correctness and sense of decency. 1 Dialogues With The Guru complied by R. Krishnaswami Aiyar, Chetana, 1981 pp. 160-1. We do not intentionally hurt others; we do not kill or steal whether 4 Jayanti 2004 5 THE MOUNTAIN PATH ADVAITA this refers to material objects or the immaterial as in a person’s because we know eventually if we are to be true to the quest, it calls character which can be stolen by malicious gossip. We respect the on us to dive completely into the waters. rights of others. This is important because many people seem to What Advaita presents to us is not a way to accumulate knowledge think that if they are ‘superior’ souls then whatever they do is right so as to control the world around us or a certificate of self and can be justified. We are powerfully reminded of Bhagavan’s own aggrandisment nor provide a diploma to teach others. The essential attitude in the ashram. He gave himself neither rights nor privileges experience of Advaita means realising that there are no ‘others’ above others. He never claimed precedence. to teach. What it does offer is wisdom and a way to be There is an interesting story how one day Bhagavan happened spiritually free. to walk past when the Sarvadhikari had an altercation with the  wandering sadhus who were fed daily in the front ashram courtyard. They were restive because their regular mid-morning biksha was not ready on time. The Sarvadhikari declared in frustration that from now on, the inmates would be fed before the outsiders. Bhagavan heard this and when the noon dinner bell rang, he was KKKKK EEEEE YYYYY WWWWWOOOOO RRRRR DDDDD not to be found. All the ashram inmates and guests trooped into the dinning room but since Bhagavan was not in attendance, they could not start. After an awkward passage of time the Sarvadhikari M -N ANO ASA sent people in search of Bhagavan. They could not immediately find him and a more intensive search followed. Bhagavan eventually was found at Palakothu, the sadhu hermitage area behind the ashram. Sanskrit: When asked why he was sitting there, Bhagavan replied that since Manas: mind, mental faculty, individual thought; Nasa: he was not a local (a reference to his having originally come from destruction. out of town), he was waiting for the insiders to finish eating. When Bhagavan teaches us to be aware that underlying the unceasing the Sarvadhikari heard this he immediately rescinded the order flow of thoughts, is the sense of ‘I’ as a continuous, unbroken and said from henceforth the outsiders would be fed before the awareness. It is silent, that is, without form and spontaneous ashramites (and that procedure is followed to this day). It was only (sphurana). then that Bhagavan came to the dining hall and ate lunch with the Whatever thoughts arise as obstacles to sadhana (spiritual others. Bhagavan’s sense of equality was the epitome of having no discipline), the mind, the sense of identification with body, should sense of individual ego. not be allowed to go in the direction of appearances, but should rest The fourth qualification if one is to understand and live Advaita, in one’s sense of ‘I’. is the longing for liberation. The path calls for a whole-hearted Bhagavan asks us to remain as witness to whatever happens and allegiance. Aside from the normal demands on a person to maintain adopt an inquisitive attitude by not being afraid and dispassionately their bodily and mental well-being, it requires all the seeker’s observe whatever occurs in the mind. One should remain absorbed energy and time. At first we dunk our toes in the waters to test the in the sense of ‘I’ and not identify oneself with appearances, for temperature and then summon up our reserves of courage 6 Jayanti 2004 7 THE MOUNTAIN PATH thought is bondage. “This is the proper means for destruction of the mind (manonasa).”1 “Whence does this ‘I’ arise? Seek this within. Growing up in the This ‘I’ then vanishes. This is the pursuit of wisdom. Where the ‘I’ vanished, there appears an ‘I-I’ by itself. This is the infinite [poornam].”2 Grace of Bhagavan In the above verse the verb, ‘vanishes’ is a translation of the Tamil phrase talai-sayndidum, which literally means, ‘will bow its head’. In ordinary usage it means ‘will humble itself’, ‘sinks crestfallen’, or ‘will bow its head in shame’. However, in colloquial usage it can also mean ‘will die’.3 Childhood Memories The same verse when translated into English from Bhagavan’s Sanskrit version can read as follows: “Where this ‘I’ vanished and merged in its source, there appears spontaneously and continuously an ‘I-I’. This is the Heart, the infinite MONICA BOSE Supreme Being.”4 Alan Chadwick translated the same verse of Upadesa Saram into English, and Bhagavan corrected the manuscript. I was eleven years old when my mother brought my grandmother Bhagavan approved in this version the word ‘disappears’ as a and myself, newly arrived from England, into the presence of translation of the word nasa: “This search pursued till ‘I’ has Bhagavan at the Sri Ramanasramam. I saw him sitting there before disappeared/There now vibrates the ‘I-I’ all alone,/The quest is us on a sofa in a long narrow hall. He was an elderly clean-shaven finished, there’s no more to seek./For this is really the Infinite Self.” man, fair of complexion and with wonderful eyes. When Discrimination is necessary between temporary quiescence of he saw us he smiled sweetly as if to say ‘So you have reached safely.’ mind during sleep or subsidence in yoga nidra when there is a seeming My grandmother, Jeanne, and myself had been living in England, absence of mind, and the complete destruction of identification with where my father wanted me to be educated. But when war broke the mind: “Absorption (of mind) is of two kinds: laya (temporary out and the Battle of Britain got under way, my mother, who was stillness) and nasa (permanent destruction). That which is absorbed known in India as Sujata, urged us to come back to India. She herself merely in laya will rise again, (but) if its form dies (in nasa), it will had come to Tiruvannamalai in1936 to visit Bhagavan and had stayed not rise again.”5  on ever since. Very worried about our safety in wartime, she had a dream in which she saw Bhagavan sitting on the threshold of our house in Brighton with one hand raised in the sign of protection. I 1 See Self-enquiry, section 4. trans. T.M.P. Mahadevan. had been a little afraid of coming before the great Master my mother 2 Upadesa Undiyar, verses 19 and 20. 3 See “‘I’ and ‘I-I’: a Reader’s Query” by D. Godman in The Mountain Path; had described to us in her letters. But from the first I felt happy and Vol. 28, Nr. 1&2, June 1991; pp. 79-88. 4 Upadesa Saram, verse 20. Also see Sri Maharshi’s Way, a translation of Upadesa Monica Bose recently wrote a biography of her remarkable mother, Sujata Sen, Saram by D. S. Sastri, 1989 ed., p. 38. entitled Hill of Fire. An excerpt was published in the Aradhana issue of The 5 Upadesa Undiyar, v. 13. Mountain Path. She lives in London. 8 Jayanti 2004 9 THE MOUNTAIN PATH GROWING UP IN THE GRACE OF BHAGAVAN safe in his presence, and even out of his presence when I mentally which she replied, “I’m not doing anything.” The Maharshi invoked him. There was a great power in him but also an unfailing commented, “You see how the truth is uttered instinctively by responsiveness to those who raised their thoughts to him. children. I, in truth, does not do anything, it is the higher Self that There was an ‘isness’ about him. Whatever he did, such as acts.” Thus Bhagavan gave a lesson on surrender which is the first correcting proofs of a book, or suggesting the replies to letters, or step on the path to Self-realisation. feeding the squirrels who came to him for their nuts, or answering For the next nine years I was to visit the ashram during my holidays the questions put to him by visitors or devotees, or sitting in potent from school in Bangalore and later from college in Madras. In all silence, there was no effort on his part to be this or that, nor to that time I never saw or heard anything to belie my first impression create an impression on others. Self-realised, Bhagavan just was of Bhagavan’s uniqueness and greatness. Nor was I ever bored at the because he lived in pure Being. The calm of that mind-state of no ashram. No day was the same. People brought here their duality, no conflict, was felt by talent in writing or reciting scripture, or singing sacred songs. They the devotees. “The inner peace There was a brought their doubts, troubles, griefs and also joys. I remember a that is his is transmitted to us middle-aged couple who proudly sat in the hall with their baby boy great power in him all,” wrote a friend of ours, whom they had called Ramana. The way they looked with adoration but also an unfailing Pauline Noyé, when she and gratitude at Bhagavan indicated that they believed he had returned to America from responsiveness to those granted them the boon of a child when all hope had gone. Bhagavan Tiruvannamalai. In the hall the always denied that he performed miracles, but there were many who raised their women sat on Bhagavan’s left, accounts of how he had healed someone, even at a distance, and thoughts to him and the men before him. Each sometimes it seemed even without the knowledge of Bhagavan one brought his or her little himself. An old family friend, C. Seshadri, the Librarian at the mat on which to sit on the floor of Cuddapah tiles. Whilst most Theosophical Society, Adyar, told me that two of his friends from people meditated, I just imagined myself to be the receptacle of the Calcutta travelled South to visit Madurai. They regretted that they power he emanated. When I knew more about his teaching I started had come to hear of Bhagavan too late to plan a visit to him. As it trying to concentrate my mind on the ‘I am’ in the Heart which happened, at a junction they missed their train and in the morning links us with the ‘I am’ of all that is. After a time, the single thought they boarded a train which took them not to Madurai but to ‘I am’ becomes pure feeling. Tiruvannamalai. And when the Maharshi saw them he said, “Weren’t The atmosphere in the hall was relaxed. If there was a noise, say a you supposed to come yesterday?” Among the personal ‘miracles’ I child’s cry before it was hushed by the parent, or the greeting experienced, I can speak of the times I asked for Bhagavan’s help exchanged between friends, there was no reprimand, no stern eye when there was a particularly difficult time ahead. Not only would I turned towards them. People were quiet out of respect for the Master feel his protection but it seemed to me that it lasted a little beyond whose supreme teaching was communicated by silence. There the time in question. Years later I read of another devotee who had was a delightful little girl called Lalitha who was a bit naughty. similar experiences of ‘overlapping’ protection. Bhagavan was very fond of her, as he generally was of children. One Then, I did not give it a thought, but now, I talk to people who day she was going around touching papers and other things, her are surprised that there was no room other than the hall where embarrassed mother exclaimed, “Lalitha what are you doing?” To Bhagavan could withdraw from the public gaze. He was always 10 Jayanti 2004 11 GROWING UP IN THE GRACE OF BHAGAVAN there for us. And this is linked to what was of paramount importance for him — the giving of darshan. He maintained the darshan even when he was very ill and in great pain. Traditionally, darshan, for a Jnani, means giving himself to be seen by others so that they might obtain contact with the Reality he embodies. Some devotees spoke of having glimpses of truth in Bhagavan’s presence, for others there might be a slow maturation of understanding. Physical sight was not imperative. Once an old woman came up to Bhagavan and lamenting that she could not see properly asked Bhagavan to bless her so that she might see him in her mind. With compassion Bhagavan acquiesced. It is an incident that was a comfort to those whose sight was impaired, and indeed still is to those who did not have the chance to physically see the Maharshi. And the devotees wanted not only to see Bhagavan but also to be seen by him. In response, Bhagavan bestowed on them the Master’s look of awareness and grace. I was a child, but even when the hall was filled with people, Bhagavan would for a moment look at me directly, turning his radiant gaze on me as well. The first time that I came to the Ashram I wore a European style dress and did so on our daily visits to the Ashram until I was in my teens. One day I shyly appeared dressed in a saree. Bhagavan, who never commented on anyone’s attire, said most unexpectedly that I should always wear a saree. This was not a banal remark, none of the Sage’s remarks were. For I had come to India when I was already too old to learn any of its arts or pick up an Indian language properly. It seemed to me that in India I was a misfit. In effect Bhagavan was telling me to assume an Indian identity. Which I did. Indeed, when my mother took me straight to Bhagavan on our arrival from abroad, she led me to what was the most precious in the Indian heritage, the tradition of the ancient seers and their intuitive discrimination of Reality from falsehood. That tradition was inclusive for it excluded no-one from seeking the ultimate truth of himself or herself. The Maharshi’s reply taught me how Self-enquiry was to begin for me, which was to first establish who I was in this world. The Maharshi’s teaching was very lofty and sublime, yet just as a mountain rises 2004 13 THE MOUNTAIN PATH GROWING UP IN THE GRACE OF BHAGAVAN from the ground, it never lost touch with the earthly reality, in which he wrote hundreds of notes, but sadly most were lost. Later on at the the individual lives, grows, and strives to reach the heights. ashram the notes he wrote were much in demand among the devotees, Behind Bhagavan there was a window through which we could but seeing that they vied for their possession Bhagavan practically see the Hill Arunachala. It has long been worshipped as the Mark of stopped writing them. The devotees, though, continued to write notes Absolute Consciousness, the infinite and undying Self. There was a to him. In 1942, my grandmother, who felt that she was losing her mystical union between the Hill and Bhagavan. Since childhood sense of purpose in life, wrote him a note asking him for guidance Venkataraman had felt its influence, but it was after Self-Realisation, about her future. With extraordinary insight, he told her to return when he answered its summons and drew close, that he knew the to her religion. She had never confided to anyone at the ashram that Hill was essentially one with him. For years he represented its nature she had left it. She was to return to the Catholic faith and this would introducing us gently to the awesome mystery of Absolute Being. I be the turning point in her know how immensely fortunate we were to have been there with life. During the twenty-three The Sage did not Bhagavan, who made Eternal Life more accessible to us by his life years left of her long tell me what to do. on earth. Yet, limitations of time and place do not really exist, and pilgrimage on earth, she Bhagavan is still there, as many have experienced. walked ever closer to Christ, I was to grow up, We lived very close to the sacred Hill. My mother, Sujata (Suzanne her Lord. After I had passed follow my own Alexandra Sen née Curtil) was an MD, DTM from the Sorbonne. the Intermediate Science inclination and She used her medical skills to treat the sick in Tiruvannamalai and examination, it was my turn its surrounding villages. Her town dispensary was situated at No. 58 to write a note to Bhagavan. rely on my Big Street, which was near to the road encircling the Hill. I got to In it I asked whether I should own judgement, know the Hill’s different aspects. Early in the morning, as it towered go on to study medicine. It something as necessary above us, I saw it glow red. Aruna Achala, the Dawn Hill, is where was my father’s wish for me to a successful career the soul’s darkness is dispelled and luminous Self-awareness shines but I felt I did not have an forth. I saw the spectacular celebration of Shiva’s legendary aptitude for the profession; as it is to manifestation here as an infinite Pillar of Fire, held on the last night on the other hand, I did not a fulfilling sadhana of the Karthikai festival when a huge beacon was lit on the Hill’s want to give up what had summit. On some monsoon nights I saw it stand thrillingly tall, been my ideal because of a dark and mysterious behind a swirling mantle of white mist, evoking crisis of confidence. Bhagavan read the note, smiled and said in Tamil primordial Reality still unknown, awaiting the seers and sages who to the attendant who translated for me. “Whatever she chooses will were to see and reveal it. My first article published when I was be the right decision.” I made up my mind not to read medicine and fourteen was about Bhagavan, the Hill Arunachala and the temple I know now that that was the right choice. The Sage did not tell me town of Tiruvannamalai, reflecting how important they already were what to do. I was to grow up, follow my own inclination and rely to me. Bhagavan wrote in his own hand numerous verses glorifing on my own judgement, something as necessary to a successful career Arunachala. He did so in notebooks, or on small slips of paper, as it is to a fulfilling sadhana. One day in 1949, I was early and especially if a translation or explanation had been requested of him. sitting alone in the newly constructed hall, when Bhagavan came in During the twenty-three years that he lived in the Hill’s caves and took his place on the polished granite couch. He looked around 14 Jayanti 2004 15 THE MOUNTAIN PATH at the beautiful, perhaps in his eyes ostentatious surroundings, with a expression of distaste. He had been happiest I thought in the plain Advaita Today old hall, and before that in the caves where his couch had been a platform made of earth and stone. But the look of distaste lasted only for an instant. I saw him gather his thoughts to a point within and complete serenity returned to his features. When I left the hall, I met Mr Arthur Osborne, later editor of The Mountain Path, and told him what I had seen. He looked happy and thanked me. I was surprised because I had been a little troubled by the incident since I thought a Jnani was beyond likes and dislikes. I am afraid my thinking I.S. MADUGULA was somewhat on the lines of the person who asked Bhagavan whether a Jnani felt any pain. “Why not,” Bhagavan replied, “Does a Jnani not feel it when he is pricked with a pin?” A Jnani is not insensient, but what makes him different from others is that he does not associate himself with the pain or circumstance. He transcends it by immersing himself in the Self, as we must learn to do. The end of Bhagavan’s life in this world of form was approaching. He was now in the terminal stage of sarcoma. After the celebration AS I sit on the patio of my modest condo in Palm Springs, of his 70th birthday, on 5th January 1950, his condition deteriorated California, I have an excellent view of the surrounding San Jacinto so rapidly that he was moved to a specially constructed one-room mountains about a mile or so away, their red and brown slopes sometimes cottage where nursing was easier. In this starkly simple setting his reflected and sometimes camouflaged by the sunlight. My thoughts then Mahasamadhi would take place. invariably turn to Arunachala, to Bhagavan Ramana Maharshi…and to I visited Tiruvannamalai briefly in the middle of March 1950. advaita. Advaita in affluent America? Poverty is not a pre-requisite for On the morning of my return to Madras I came to take my leave of philosophy, and the Self knows no territorial boundaries. In the Third Bhagavan. It was to be for the last time. As he lay in the room of the Millennium C.E.? Why not? Nothing has changed over the millennia cottage facing the open doorway, the devotees filed in human behavior or the human condition. past to get his darshan. When it came to my turn to stand before the This article explores the relevance of advaita to the modern person, doorway I was startled — his face as he looked at me was transfigured Mr./Ms. Everyone. with love. I had often seen him look tender or compassionate during First of all, it is otiose to think of advaita as time-bound or space- the many years that I had known him, but I had bound, for it is not a creed, or dogma, or faith practised by certain never seen him look as he did now. In his poor spent body there was this supreme passionless love, burning like a flame. For me that sight was Bhagavan’s last gift of grace to me and it is still with me, vivid Dr. Indusekhara Sastri Madugula taught at Andhra University, Waltair, and the and vital to this day.  Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad. A longtime contributor to The Mountain Path, he now lives in Palm Springs, California, USA. 16 Jayanti 2004 17 THE MOUNTAIN PATH ADVAITA TODAY people at a certain time. It defines the very core of human existence, much as we always have. In other words, there is no time when we its basis, and its understanding. It is ‘knowledge’ in the highest sense can afford to forget our real selves as emanating from and partaking of the term, knowledge that enables us to look inward and come to of the divine. grips with who we are. An ad for advaita would truthfully include What has been the one characteristic desire of all beings, without the slogan ‘Back to Basics!’ implying the need for the analysis of exception, since the beginning of creation and still is? Undoubtedly, one’s own origins, the origins of the universe, the Intelligence behind it has got to be the desire for happiness. It is in the pursuit of happiness, it, the Consciousness that pervades it, the Self. It is not a fad or various acts good and bad are committed and various tendencies, fashion to change with passing time. It is a fact of life and is therefore latent or apparent, manifest themselves. However, there doesn’t seem coterminous with life. All life, that is. Not just yours or mine. to be a consensus regarding what constitutes happiness. Philosophers might modify it or mitigate it to suit their purposes We lead a crazy life under the best of circumstances. Money we and in accordance with their own understanding and the abilities of acquire, and it doesn’t buy us happiness. Power we seek, and in the their audiences, but it forever remains the basis of existence and course of its enjoyment, we make enemies. Sex we crave, though we Reality. Dvaita, dualism, is apparent; advaita, the substratum of know even before we indulge that it is highly overrated, and involves Consciousness, is real. a willing suspension of disgust. What then is the basic underlying Advaita is better translated as non-dualism rather than monism, reason for human activity? Funny thing is, no one seems to think to in order to properly emphasize the fact that life as we know it is full ask this question during the activity. If one did, it wouldn’t be hard of dualities and ‘pairs of opposites’ and name and form, the connecting to realize that, when it is not downright wasteful, its results are fleeting. thread behind all of which is the notion that Consciousness is unitary. We readily forget that death is our only birthright and we don’t even Existence is diverse, but its essence is unified. No other analysis of have to do anything to claim it. We are not badmouthing action as life makes sense. such; we are only highlighting the need for self-analysis and the What are the parameters of modern life, insofar as they differ analysis of the world as we know it. And this is exactly where advaita from earlier times? There is clearly more stress, especially in the urban comes in. jungle. There is generally an increased tempo to living routine life. The Student’s Sanskrit-English Dictionary defines advaita thus:1 There is perhaps greater competition, greater aggression, greater self- a. 1. not dual; of one or uniform nature, equable, unchanging; centeredness, colloquially expressed as ‘I, Me, and Myself.’ Too bad 2. matchless, peerless; sole, unique. [n.] 1. non-duality, identity; esp. that these three pronouns, or rather the three forms of the first that of Brahma with the universe or with the soul, or soul and matter; personal pronoun, are used in a totally egotistic way, instead of 2. the Supreme or the highest truth or Brahma itself. referring to the transcendental Being. It appears that advaita has to do with a certain unity, a reassuring Note that advaita is needed as a corrective to these increasing unity amidst baffling diversity, if you will. The world’s six plus billion trends to remind people of who they are and what their quest ought people can be looked upon as that many disparate entities or as a to be whether or not there is an increase in these negative single species characterized by a single feature called humanness. characteristics of modern life. If there is a deterioration of the ‘quality Similarly everything we see or know of in the universe can either be of life,’ then certainly it would help to remember our divine origin. If we argue that people are always the same, with the same problems 1 V. S. Apte, The Student’s Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2d ed. (Delhi: Motilal and pseudo-solutions, we would need the knowledge of the spirit as Banarsidass, 1970), Reprint 2000. 18 Jayanti 2004 19